Since some limitations existed in the current accessibility method, integrated method of network analysis and cost weighted raster analysis were designed and applied to generate city isochronous rings after the operation of high-speed railways. The valuation of accessibility was conducted with three indicators, i.e. daily accessibility, potential model, and weighted average time. After the valuation, differences between accessibility patterns with scenarios with and without high-speed railways were analyzed, and influences of the high-speed railways on center cities' accessibility were discussed. Changes in hinterlands of the center cities were also calculated with field intensity model. The results indicated that high-speed railways would expand the isochronous rings, and realize significant optimization of urban daily accessibility and form uneven time convergence space. Sites along the high-speed railways became the biggest beneficiaries of time convergence, as the variability of their weighted average time and potential values were high. In different geographical scales, the high-speed railways reduced the equilibrium of weighted average time, and their influences on the equilibrium of potential values are inconsistent. The high-speed railways would expand the hinterlands of Beijing and Shanghai, and strengthen their regional influences. As accessibility changes differed in different regions, the industrial structure should be adjusted in regions with high accessibility variability, while regions with low accessibility variability should improve rapid transit networks, and increase accessibility by strengthening their links with high-speed railways.

针对目前可达性研究技术的局限，设计网络分析与成本栅格加权集成法，并应用该方法生成高铁通车后城市等时圈图。利用日常可达性、潜力值与加权平均时间，比较有无京沪高铁两种情景下京沪地区中心城市可达性空间格局变化，探讨高铁对中心城市可达性的影响，并采用场强模型计算高铁通车前后中心城市腹地范围。结果显示：高铁将扩展等时圈范围，实现城市日常可达性整体大幅优化，形成非均衡的时间收敛空间。高铁站点沿线成为时间收敛的最大受益者，它们的加权平均时间与潜力值变率高。在不同地理尺度下，高铁降低加权平均时间均衡性，对潜力值均衡性影响不一致。高铁扩大北京与上海的腹地，增强其区域辐射力。针对区域可达性变化，可达性变率高的城市可适时调整产业类型，变率低的城市可通过加强快速交通网络与高铁的衔接来提高可达性。

Firm productivity is the basis to maintain regional sustainable development. Recent studies positively link the role of technological relatedness to various economic indicators, including firm survival, firm innovation and firm productivity. The co-agglomeration of diverse industries facilitates inter-industry spillovers and firms are more likely to benefit from inter-industry spillovers given the industries engage in similar types of economic activities. It leads to the recombination of new ideas and eventually promotes firm performance. While technological relatedness has been linked to promoting economic growth and development, it is unlikely that all firms will benefit equally from technologically related spillovers. Firms with better regional accessibility have higher incentives to seek out and rely on un-local resources, which in turn, affect the relations between technological relatedness and firm economic productivity. Based on China's Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (ASIF), this article employs a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method to investigate the effects of technological relatedness on firm productivity, which varies for different kinds of regional accessibility. The results show that: (1) Technological relatedness plays an important role in increasing firm productivity. Firms are more likely to benefit from inter-industry spillovers given the industries engage in similar types of economic activities. (2) The effects of technological relatedness on firm productivity have been shown to depend, in part, on the regional accessibilities. The growth of the firms with better road accessibility will be more dependent on technological relatedness, while the increase of regional railway accessibility may weaken the influences of technological relatedness. (3) There is industrial and spatial heterogeneity in the moderating effect of regional accessibility. Compared with labour-intensive firms, the relations between technological relatedness and the capital-intensive and technology-intensive firm productivity can be more significantly affected by regional accessibility. Besides, the improvement of road accessibility makes firms in the eastern region more path-dependent, and firms in the western region more path-breaking. Nevertheless, regional railway accessibility has no significant impact on firms in the central and western regions. The findings indicate that both technological relatedness and regional accessibility play a substantial role in improving the firm productivity in transitional economies.

企业是区域经济发展的微观基础。企业生产率增长会影响区域长期经济发展,因此有必要深入分析企业生产率变动的影响因素和内在机制。基于中国工业企业年度调查数据（ASIF）,通过两阶段回归模型（2SLS）探讨企业与区域产业环境间的技术关联对企业生产率的影响,并分析不同交通类型的区域可达性的调节作用差异。结果显示：① 企业与区域间的技术关联越高,企业的全要素生产率会越高。② 区域可达性能够调节技术关联与企业生产率间的关系,且异质性交通网络的调节效应不同。在公路可达性高的区域内,企业生产率受到企业与区域间技术关联的影响较强;相反,提升区域铁路可达性则主要表现为削弱技术关联对企业生产率的作用。③ 区域可达性的调节效应还存在产业和空间异质性。比起劳动密集型企业,资本、技术密集型企业的生产率与技术关联间的关系受区域可达性的影响更明显。对于不同区域,公路可达性会使东部企业的生产率更依赖技术关联,而中西部企业刚好相反;铁路可达性则能促使东部企业发生“突破性”的生产率变化,对中西部企业没有明显影响。

Variations of locational conditions caused by transport infrastructure construction largely promoted the agglomeration of production factors and the local economy and reshaped the regional structure. Hence, measuring transport location has become one of the fundamental topics in geography. Recently, along with transport development, as well as the emergence of new technology, new models, new factors and new industrial forms, the locational conditions have been reconstructed and individual travel concept and patterns changed. The existing research on measuring transport location considers not only the location in the geographic context in terms of the spatial location and transport infrastructure network but also the location in the flow of space concerning the network connectivity, reliability and travel convenience. The research objects changed from various locations to the micro-location regarding group travel characteristics and differences at the individual level. The research contents included door-to-door trips in the accessibility of transport networks. Meanwhile, techniques of big data and GIS-T methods make measuring transport location more accurate.

交通建设所引致的区位条件改善对促进各类生产要素集聚和地方经济发展,重塑区域空间结构具有重要作用,因此,交通区位的测度一直是地理学的核心议题之一。随着交通网络的不断发展与完善以及新技术、新模式、新因素和新业态的出现,地方传统区位条件被重构,个人出行理念和模式发生了一系列变化。① 交通区位的测度逐渐从依托空间位置和交通设施发展水平的传统地理区位扩展到依托网络连通性、可靠性与出行便捷性的“流空间”新区位;② 研究对象从关注不同地方的区位特征扩展到关注群体出行规律和个体行为差异的微观区位选择;③ 研究内容从交通设施网络的可达性扩展到基于“门到门”的全链条出行服务;④ 大数据挖掘技术和GIS-T技术的发展也使得交通区位的测度朝着更加精确化和精准化的方向迈进。

城市网络是近年来城市与区域研究的一个新方向.基于2003-2013年间8个横截面的中国铁路客运班列数据,采用加权度中心性和社区结构模型,探讨高速铁路建设对城市等级和集聚性空间格局及演化的影响.研究表明:① 基于铁路客运组织的城市等级结构呈现出位序--规模分布的特征和集聚性,且三大地带和各社区内城市也呈现出明显的位序--规模分布,随着高速铁路网络的扩展,加权度中心性的集聚性更明显,并逐步呈现出较为明显的层级结构和社区结构.② 城市等级结构呈现出明显的东中西地带性,廊道效应和经济,人口的耦合性,即基于铁路客运班列的城市等级结构与基于属性数据(人口/GDP)的结果表现出较大的相似性,但也存在一定的差异.城市社区结构与中国高速铁路网络,城市群的空间分布格局基本一致.随着高速铁路的建设,东中西三大地带间城市等级的差异呈扩大态势,但各社区间城市等级的差异呈缩小态势,部分社区核心城市已形成.

Cities seperated in space are connected together by spatial interactions (SI) between them. But the studies focusing on the SI are relatively few in China mainly because of the scarity of data. This paper deals with the SI in terms of rail passenger flows in 1990s, which is an important aspect of the network structure of urban agglomerations. By using a data set consisting of 1991 and 2000 rail O-D passenger flows between nearly 200 cities, intercity rail distance O-D matrixes, and some other indices. It is found that the attenuating tendency of rail passenger is obvious, but the gravity model cannot explain the change over time. Then a further study is carried out based on the hub-and-spoke framework under which the error of gravity model is explained. And by analysis of dominant flows and spatial structure of flows, we find that passenger flows have a trend of polarizing to hubs while the links between hubs upgrades, and some driven factors for the re-organization process of the structure of urban agglomerations are discussed.

High-speed rail is an important part of modern transport infrastructure. It has an important impact on the flow of production factors, the expansion of urban space, and the reconstruction of regional spatial structure. Based on the O-D data of high-speed rail network in 2018, the social network analysis is used to discuss the structural characteristics of high-speed rail network and other organizational modes from HSR network and urban nodes. The results show that: 1) China's high-speed rail network has experienced four stages of germination, start-up, tortuous development and prosperity. China's high-speed rail network is relatively loose overall, the northeast region has the highest network density and western network density is sparse. High-speed rail links between the western region and the northeastern region are sparse. The intermediary role of the central and eastern regions in the overall network is obvious; 2) The “corridor effect” of the important high-speed rail channel is remarkable. The area along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway has become hot spot with high central value region. On the whole, it has a “triangular flag” composed of Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railways. Spatial pattern and the trend of decreasing toward the cities on both sides. The centrality of the intermediary shows that the random distribution of the central hub city can better play a cohesive role; 3) The first-level high-speed rail network shows the high-speed rail corridors closely related to Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity, Beijing-Tianjin Intercity and Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway. The second-level network basically reveals the road network planning of China's high-speed railways and the provincial cities in the high-speed rail network as a prominent intermediary role; The third level identifies the trend of the high-speed rail network from four horizontal and vertical expand to eight horizontal and eight vertical. The fourth level of China's high-speed rail network shows overall spatial network details; 4) The territorial organization models of high-speed railway network is characterized by point-axis beading mode, dual-core grouping mode and polar core model, the perfection of the high-speed railway networkhas transformed the organizational model from a single core to a network.

基于2018年高铁网络OD数据,运用社会网络分析方法从高铁网络、城市节点等方面探讨中国城市高铁网络结构特征及其地域组织模式,结果表明：①中国高铁网络整体较为松散,东北地区网络密度最高,东部和中部地区作为整体网络的中介作用明显;②重要高铁线路的“廊道效应”突出,中心度呈现出以京广、京沪和沪昆高铁组成的“三角旗状”空间格局并向两侧城市呈不规则递减的态势;③多层级网络识别出紧密关联高铁线路和四横四纵向八横八纵格局的转变;④高铁网络的地域组织形式表现为点-轴串珠模式、双核组团模式和极核模式,高铁网络的完善使组织模式由单核趋向于网络化转变。

As traffic flow reflects the socio-economic relations between cities, it is widely applied as a key factor in studies on city networks. Based on the inter-city railway and air passenger flow in 2010, this article made a comparison of the spatial structure and passenger flow organization of inter-city networks from the perspective of railway and air passenger flow, in terms of node, linkage, and community. The results are as follows: (1) Both city networks based on railway and air passenger flow present a hierarchical structure with Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou being the top three, while the nodes in the lower classes of two networks are different. (2) The spatial structure of linkages between cities based on railway passenger flow displays strong neighborhood effect. In contrast, the cities' own characteristics play a dominant role in the organization of air passenger flow. (3) Most of the dominant railway passenger flow is directed to the capital city in each province, forming several disperse regional systems separated by the provincial boundaries. In terms of air passenger flow, the regional systems are integrated by vertical linkages between them. (4) Although the community structure is not obvious from the perspective of air passenger flow, there are seven communities of significant geographical characteristics being detected in the railway network. The main differences between two networks are attributed to the management systems and technical characteristics of the modes of transportation.

交通流是反映城市间社会经济联系的重要表征,被广泛应用于城市网络研究中。基于2010年中国城际铁路与航空客流OD数据,本文从城市节点、流量、子网络视角对中国城市网络的结构特征与组织模式进行了比较研究,发现：① 铁路与航空流视角下的中国城市网络均呈现出以北上广为顶层节点的空间等级结构体系,但除顶层结构外两种网络结构差异较大。② 城市网络体系中的铁路流联系表现出空间邻近性特征,而航空流联系则主要受到城市节点的规模大小与职能属性的影响。③ 铁路流的首位联系受省级行政区划的制约,航空流的首位联系空间跨度大,形成了若干具有垂直层间联系的地域子系统。④ 铁路网络拥有具有显著地域特征的7个子网络,而航空网络中则不存在明显的子网络。技术经济特征与管理体制是造成铁路与航空两种网络特征差异的主要原因。

East Asia plays an increasingly important role in the world economy in a line with the development of economic integration and accelerated globalization. As one of the influencing factors of economic integration and regional development, HSR will largely influence the regional development, regional structure, commuting, and regional integration. In this paper, we take the high-speed rail in East Asia as a case to explore the evolution of HSR and its impacts on transport circle and accessibility of cities. Results indicate that the evolution of HSR in East Asia firstly follows the "core cities - core cities" mode and then forms a whole network spatially; HSR network has higher service market in population and GDP than in landuse, and the service markets of HSR network in 2012 are mainly located in the eastern and central regions of China, Japan and South Korea, and those of planned HSR network expand to western China and Japan, south part of South Korea; the 1-h transport circle of core cities in East Asia presents a continuous trend along trunk HSR lines, and the 2-h transport circle has formed continuous egions in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Tokyo, Seoul or along trunk HSR lines, while the court of weighted shortest travel time of cities in China's mainland,Japan and South Korea presents the "core- peripheral structure", taking Zhengzhou in Henan province, Tokyo and Seoul as the core cities; as the development of HSR, the cities located along the trunk HSR lines have a large increase in accessibility, which shows the "corridor effects".

经济全球化和区域一体化进程的不断推进，促使东亚在世界经济中的地位不断提升。高速铁路作为促进经济一体化和区域发展的重要手段和基础，其快速发展势必会对东亚地区的区域发展、空间结构、人口流动和一体化产生重大影响。在分析东亚高速铁路网络发展历程及服务水平的基础上，评价与对比了高速铁路建设对城市交通圈和可达性的影响，及一体化高速铁路潜在的空间效应，以期为东亚一体化高速铁路构建提供指导。结果表明：东亚高速铁路网络扩张整体上呈现出“核心—核心”到网络化的发展历程；高速铁路网络在中国东中部、日本和韩国等地区具有较高的人口和产业服务水平，但国土面积覆盖率相对较低；高速铁路的建设促使核心城市交通圈格局不断扩展与强化，可实现当日往返城市对数量明显增加，主要分布在中国长三角、珠三角，日本东京和韩国首尔周边；中国大陆、日本和韩国的加权平均旅行时间分别呈现出以郑州、东京和首尔为中心的“核心—边缘”结构，且圈层结构逐渐向高速铁路沿线延伸；高速铁路的建设促使城市人口服务水平和可达性的空间格局均呈现出明显的“廊道效应”。

Transportation connection has always been one of the important perspectives of studying spatial cascading systems and urban systems. Based on the timetable data in 2018 of inter-city coach, high-speed train and aviation, this paper builds networks of the three modes of transportation in China. Through the methods of the city-pair connectivity and community detection, this paper compares the spatial structure and linkage systems of multi-traffic flow network and reveals the geospatial constraints. The research results show that: (1) Different modes of transportation are suitable for portraying urban systems on different spatial and administrative scales. Inter-city coaches are constrained by the provincial administrative boundaries. High-speed train network shows the effect of corridors especially along the main trunks. The aviation network reflects the spatial relationship at the national scale. (2) From the perspective of the direct accessibility, there is a large spatial overlap between inter-city coaches and high-speed trains, and the market of inter-city coaches is obviously squeezed in recent years. For air transport, its frequency advantage mainly concentrates on the city-pairs with a long distance. The competition and complementarity of the three modes of transportation have a great impact on the urban system and are useful for the understanding of the spatial cascading system. (3) Geographical space, infrastructure space and administrative space constraint and management system are important factors affecting the transportation networks. Inter-city coach network and high-speed train network are obviously affected by distance attenuation effects, and they present significant community structures in the two networks, but their communities have different spatial characteristics. However, air transport does not follow the constraint of distance attenuation, and there is not an obvious community structure in the network. Factors related to the passenger transport market, such as social and economic links and tourism resources, play the important roles in the aviation network structure.

交通运输联系是区域空间级联系统与城市体系结构研究的重要视角之一,而不同交通运输方式表达的级联体系结构亦存在一定的差异。为综合研究交通运输体系刻画的空间级联系统及克服单一交通方式的局限性,基于长途汽车、高铁和航班时刻表数据,比较分析了多元交通网络的空间级联体系结构及其表达的城市网络组织体系,并进一步揭示了地理空间的约束作用。研究发现：① 每种交通运输方式适合在一定的空间尺度和行政范围内刻画和表达城市网络体系结构与城市联系,公路客运受省域行政范围约束,高铁联系具有廊道影响效应,航空运输体现全国和区域尺度较高层次的社会经济联系。② 从旅客直达视角分析,长途汽车与高铁的城际运输市场重叠最大,近年来长途汽车的运输市场受高铁影响明显。③ 地理空间是影响陆路交通运输和组织的重要约束因子,距离衰减效应明显;结合设施空间、行政空间和管理体制的作用,长途汽车和高铁运输在空间上形成分异的社区结构;航空运输由于具有超空间连接特性,既不遵循距离衰减规律,社区结构也并不明显。

This paper investigates the development trajectory and spatial governance practices in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a small but affluent, rapidly developing member state of the European Union. Against the background of globalisation and its urban impact (particularly concerning smaller or emerging metropolitan areas), the paper aims at reconstructing the Luxembourgian urban development trajectory, which is characterised by continuous population growth and successful attraction of global services and financial industries in a rather unique context of the niche sovereignty politics of the small state/small city. The paper also presents a carefully balanced critique of governance practices that seeks to implement integrative strategies in a rather fragmented setting of development, policy and regulation. In so doing, the paper situates this specific case of urbanisation in the context of current paths and narratives of development, particularly with respect to the emergence of global ‘enclave spaces’ and the way these are becoming nested into broader network constellations. The paper also discusses possible consequences for both governance practices and comparative urban studies.

China’s High-Speed Railways (HSR) network is the biggest in the world, transporting large numbers of passengers by high-speed trains through urban networks. Little is known about the analytical meaning of the use of two types of flow data, namely, time schedule (transportation mode flow) and passenger flow data, to characterise the configuration of urban networks regarding the potential spatial effects of HSR networks on urban networks. In this article, we compare HSR passenger flow data with time schedule data from 2013 in China within the same analytical framework. The findings show great differences in the strength of cities and links generated using the two different types of flow data. These differences can be explained largely by the socio-economic attributes of the cities involved, such as tertiary employment, GDP per capita, the cities’ topological properties (closeness centrality) in HSR networks and institutional factors (hub status), especially for the difference in link strength. The strength of first-tier cities in China with high socio-economic performance and the HSR links connecting core cites and major cities within respective regions tends to be underestimated when using time schedule flows compared with passenger flows. When analysing the spatial structure of HSR and urban networks by means of flows, it is important for urban geographers and transportation planners to consider the meaning of the different types of data with the analytical results.

This study analyzes the structure of China’s overall railway transport network and its sub-networks of conventional railway and high-speed railway, with the aim to understand the country’s economic spatial structure that is reflected by or underlines the railway transport network. First, the results indicate that compared with developed cities, backward cities not only have fewer train services but also lack a symmetrical transport plan; backward cities tend to connect with developed cities rather than within themselves. Second, the national-level urban hierarchy was established using the proposed algorithm, which helped reveal the economic geography of three economic plates in China. Third, the law of the primate city is not prominent in a large country such as China, which is undergoing regional restructuring with the economic center of gravity shifting to the coastal area while also moving south.

To comprehend the multipartite organization of large-scale biological and social systems, we introduce an information theoretic approach that reveals community structure in weighted and directed networks. We use the probability flow of random walks on a network as a proxy for information flows in the real system and decompose the network into modules by compressing a description of the probability flow. The result is a map that both simplifies and highlights the regularities in the structure and their relationships. We illustrate the method by making a map of scientific communication as captured in the citation patterns of >6,000 journals. We discover a multicentric organization with fields that vary dramatically in size and degree of integration into the network of science. Along the backbone of the network-including physics, chemistry, molecular biology, and medicine-information flows bidirectionally, but the map reveals a directional pattern of citation from the applied fields to the basic sciences.

The multi-level perspective and multi-scalar city network have gradually become the critical pathways to understand spatial interactions and linkages. The road linkages represent distinguished characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, which is of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at regional scale. Based on the data of highway passenger flows between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper tries to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of China's city network, and further explores the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen the understanding of city network structure and provide new cognitive perspectives for the extant research. The empirical results are shown as follows: (1) It is immediately visible that the highway flows are extremely concentrated on the mega-regions of eastern coastal China and major economic zones in central and western China. And city networks based on highway flows demonstrate strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, which to a large extent has spatial coupling with the distributions of major mega-regions in China. It is a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scale and core-periphery structure. (2) A total of 19 communities that belong to important spatial configurations are identified through community detection algorithm, and we believe that they are urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors can be concluded in three aspects. Firstly, many communities have the same boundaries with provincial level administrative units, which reveals that significant administrative region economy still exists in contemporary China. Secondly, trans-provincial linkages can be formed through spatial spillover effects of mega-regions within specific communities. Thirdly, cities located in the marginal areas of provinces and attracted by powerful center cities in neighboring provinces may become increasingly disconnected with their own provinces and be enrolled into communities of neighboring provinces, which make contribution to the formation of the trans-provincial core-periphery structures. (3) Each community, with its distinguished city network system, demonstrates strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged with the features of a multi-level, dynamic and networked system. (4) From the morphology perspective, the spatial pattern of regional city networks can be basically divided into monocentric structure, dual-nuclei structure, polycentric structure and low-level equilibration structure, with the monocentric structure as the major type.

多视角和多尺度城市网络逐渐成为认识空间关系的主要途径。公路流数据具有显著的空间依赖性和距离衰减特性,对于刻画区域尺度空间关系具有重要意义。基于全国地级行政单元间的公路客运流,论文尝试刻画中国城市网络功能结构和区域效应,并对其空间组织模式进行特征提取和规律挖掘,以期能够为城市网络研究提供新的方法支撑和认知视角。研究结果表明：① 基于公路流的城市网络空间形态表现出强烈的空间依赖性和层级特征,与中国主要城市群分布存在较大程度的空间耦合,更多体现的是区域尺度的空间关系及核心—外围组合关系;② 通过社区发现算法识别出19个城市经济区,其空间内涵主要包括行政区经济、巨型区域溢出效应和核心—边缘结构等;③ 不同地域系统内城市网络自成体系,表现出显著的空间依赖性和多元的空间组织模式,多层次、流动性和网络化的地域系统格局凸显;④ 从空间形态上看,区域城市网络空间结构大致可划分为单中心结构、双核心结构、多中心结构和低水平均势结构等区域关联形态,并以单中心发育模式为主。

The differences of residents' travel purpose, travel time and regional attribute will lead to the heterogeneity of travel behavior. Working days and holidays have completely different time attributes, and the travel purpose is quite different. Therefore, comparing them has become an important way to reveal the inter-city travel network from different perspectives. Using migration data inferred from passenger travels during working days in April (11-15 April, 2016) and National Day golden week (1-7 October, 2016) from Tencent Location Big Data, this paper made a comparison of the spatial structure of inter-city travel network during weekdays and holiday in China. The results are as follows: (1) The average daily inter-city residents' travel scale during the golden week was significantly higher than that during the weekdays, but the travel distance and network clustering degree were significantly lower than the latter. (2) The two networks form three types of cross-regional group, adjacent group and provincial group. During the golden week, the number of cross-regional groups is significantly lower compared with weekdays, the number of regional and local hub cities is more than that of weekdays, and the number of adjacent groups and provincial groups is significantly higher than that of weekdays. (3) On weekdays, the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have a prominent core position, and the function of tourism and transportation hub is highlighted in the golden week. (4) Weekday intercity network to cross-regional links, and the golden week is showing a clear spatial proximity effect, and formed a provincial capital as the center, the provincial travel core-peripheral mode. The structure and difference of inter-city travel network in the two periods are influenced by many factors, including geographical proximity, administrative division (proximity of cultural system), travel distance and travel purpose.

居民出行目的、出行时间与地域属性的差异都会导致出行行为的异质性,工作日与节假日具有完全不同的时间属性,且出行目的差异较大,对两时段城际出行网络进行比较有助于全面认识城际出行规律及其网络特征。以4月份工作日（2016年4月11日—4月15日）和国庆黄金周（2016年10月1日—10月7日）为代表,利用“腾讯迁徙”提供的居民城际出行数据,从城市节点、城际关联及网络集聚角度对工作日与节假日的居民城际出行网络结构特征进行对比研究。结果发现：① 黄金周的日均城际居民出行规模显著高于工作日,但出行距离和网络集聚程度明显低于后者;② 两种网络均形成了跨区域组团、邻近组团和省域组团3种类型。黄金周跨区域组团数量明显低于工作日,区域和地方枢纽城市数量多于工作日,邻近组团和省域组团数量则明显高于工作日;③ 工作日,北上广三大城市核心地位突出,旅游功能、交通枢纽功能城市的地位在黄金周更得以凸显;④ 工作日城际出行网络以跨区域联系为主,而黄金周则呈现出明显的空间邻近效应,并形成了以省会为中心、省内出行为主的核心—外围模式。

China's modernized transport strategies have been focused on building new infrastructures in areas with insufficient transport facilities, supplying the lack of new transport services, and investing in transport construction on a large scale since the 10th Five-Year Plan (2000-2005). However, these strategies are now facing new situations in population development, including population growth, migration, spatial relocation and agglomeration, and changes in lifestyle. It is imperative to investigate population-development oriented comprehensive modern transport system in order to implement people-oriented principles and the National Strategy of Strengthening Country in Transportation. This study presents some research results from the National Development and Reform Commission Key Research Project for the National 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), "Population Development and Modern Transportation System Strategies in China". The study is based on theoretical mechanisms in the coupling and interaction between population and transport system. It conducts in-depth analyses on the new trends of population development and transport demand, and proposes a new "diamond" strategy for China's comprehensive transport system in order to cope with these new trends. According to this strategy, the new comprehensive modern transport system in China will have four "diamond pole" including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing region, four "diamond edges" including Beijing-Shanghai (Jing-Hu), Shanghai-Guangdong (Hu-Yue), Guangdong-Sichuan (Yue-Chuan), and Beijing-Sichuan (Jing-Chuan) transport corridors, two cross backbones including water transport along the Yangtze River and Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao transport corridors, and multiple transport hubs in cities with intensive intracity population movement flow. The study also proposes key missions to implement the new strategy in order to build population-development oriented comprehensive modern transport system in China, which includes supporting the national development and spatial plan, applying for the National Strategy of Strengthening Country in Transportation, and supplying high-quality transport services with a priority to the people.

自国家“十五”规划起,中国现代化综合交通运输体系构建以填空白、补短板、大规模设施建设为主,但近年来人口的增长、流动、空间集聚和生活方式等均发生了新的显著变化。以人为本,科学实施“交通强国”国家战略,亟待开展适应人口发展的现代化综合交通运输体系研究。本文基于国家发展与改革委员会国家“十四五”规划前期重大问题研究的部分成果,从人口与交通系统耦合协同机制出发,在深入分析人口发展及其交通需求趋势的基础上,提出适应人口发展的中国综合交通体系“钻石战略”。以京津冀、长三角、粤港澳、成渝城市群为“钻石”四极,以京沪通道、沪粤通道、粤川通道、京川通道为四边,以长江水陆通道、京港澳通道为十字骨架,以人口流入流出高强度的节点地区为枢纽,并提出构建适应人口发展的现代化综合交通运输体系实施重点,支撑国家重大空间发展战略;实施交通强国、适应人口发展;以人民为中心,打造高品质交通服务。