Time-space compression in the context of globalization leads to declining costs of communication and transportation and increasing transnational activities. The emergence of multi-national firms and international organizations, in accordance with increasing boundary-crossing activities, has simultaneously weaken the power of state on economic, political, and cultural processes within its territory. Under such circumstances, some researchers assert globalization as "the end of geography", which sounds like an argument of hyper-globalist. In light of scale construction, human geographers are engaged in reconstructing the global scale and relating it to other scales. It turns out that space matters in the process of globalization. Two key points emerge: (1) Scale construction is not necessarily with hierarchical structures. Relation-based scales provide a better model for globalization, which is featured with horizontal communication rather than vertical regulation. (2) Global shifting exhibits trends both towards globalization and localization simultaneously, much of which appears to be global-local nexus rather than simplex globalizing process. These findings introduce new perspectives into globalization research in human geography: framework based on relational network makes it possible to conduct a trans-territorial analysis and to depict a big picture of the reshaping pattern of global economic landscape. On the other hand, in light of localized globalization, researchers set out to refer regional development to global-local interactions other than local embeddedness and endogenous factors, which offers insight into urban and regional governance in the context of globalization.

全球化的“时空压缩”特征降低了要素流动的空间成本,而为组织和协调跨国经济活动而出现的跨国公司与国际组织,导致象征权利范畴的领土边界对经济、文化和政治的影响力不断削弱,进而引发了极端全球主义式的“地理终结”论调。人文地理学者结合全球化的特征,通过改变尺度结构,明确了全球尺度涉及的主体与内容,凸显出地域单元的意义,避免了全球尺度的抽象理解,从而反驳了地理终结论,形成了两个关键认识：①尺度建构不一定建立在相对性的基础上并构成垂直体系,基于关系建构的全球尺度更契合不同主体和空间联系日趋紧密的特征;②全球化与地方化过程是并存的。全球化并不意味着尺度的垂直叠加,而是全球与地方之间的复杂联系。这两个关键认识为人文地理学参与全球化研究形成了独特的视角：一方面,学者们运用立体网络思维,以关键主体与空间为节点、以关系为纽带,实现“超越边界”式的分析;另一方面,全球化与地方化并存的理念也促使城市与区域发展研究从单纯强调区域差异转向探讨区域内外相互作用,为城市与区域治理提供了新思路。

From the perspective of economic geography, this paper studies the changing spatial pattern of world economy and China's role in different waves of economic globalization. Firstly, this study finds that the geographical pattern of world economy changes from "core-periphery" to "chain-reconfiguration", and to current "network-imbalance". Meanwhile the driving force of economic globalization shifts from "trade globalization" to "manufacturing globalization". At present, "multiple globalization" is involving into a new engine to driving the development of economic globalization. We then discuss that how China changes its role in economic globalization by changing modes of strategic coupling. We argue that the role transition of China breaks the traditional developing path which developed countries set for developing countries and theoretical spatial order put forward by classical industry gradient transfer, bringing new restructuring power and possibility for changing pattern of globalization. Finally, we discuss the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the development of economic globalization and the development trend of economic globalization in the post-pandemic era. Based on the analysis, we come up with some suggestions regarding to the potential development paths of China under the background of economic globalization.

经济全球化浪潮下的世界经济地理格局和中国角色演变一直以来都是学术界关注的热点问题,然而当前学界偏重从国家经济模式和国际贸易角度来解释这种格局的变化,而较为缺乏基于生产组织视角的经济地理解释。因此,本文从经济地理视角出发,解析经济全球化浪潮下世界经济地理格局变动与中国角色的演变。本文揭示了在三次全球化浪潮的冲击下,世界经济地理格局从“核心—边缘”到“链式重构”再到“网络不均衡”的演变过程,以及经济全球化的驱动力如何从“贸易全球化”转变为“生产全球化”,继而朝“多元全球化”演进。本文还论述了中国如何通过战略耦合模式的动态调整实现从经济全球化的参与者到变革者的转变。本文认为这种角色转变,改变了西方发达经济体对后发经济体的预设发展路径,以及经典的产业梯度转移理论所预测的空间秩序,为全球化格局的变动带来新的重构动力与可能。最后,本文结合此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球爆发带来的影响对未来经济全球化发展存在的可能路径进行分析,并从经济地理学视角为中国未来经济全球化发展道路选择提供了参考建议。

Following the trade collapse in 2009, Globalisation has recovered but the growth rate slowed down compared to the preceding period of Hyper Globalisation. The persistence of this slowdown is remarkable. We argue that increased awareness of firms for the costs of involvement in global supply chains can explain the recent developments in trade flows. We formalise the existence, length and consequences of changes in fragmentation cost along global supply chains. From a theoretical point of view, we allow tasks to be a combination of different occupations while the model endogenises production fragmentation, allowing for multiple production stages in multiple countries, while remaining tractable. From an empirical point of view, the model explains both the period of Hyper Globalisation and the subsequent Slowbalisation in terms of changing fragmentation costs along global supply chains. The model is also consistent with developments regarding labour market polarisation associated with modern globalisation: the labour market position of medium-skilled workers in advanced countries has deteriorated relative to high- and low-skilled workers, which can be understood by changing global supply chains. Our model implies, however, that even with zero fragmentation costs the demand for certain occupations does not fall to zero for any country.

<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p style="text-align:justify;"> The dialectical relationship between economic globalization and the global economic governancesystem is basically in line with Marx’s theory of“economic foundation and superstructure”. Economicglobalization plays a fundamentally decisive role, while the global economic governance system has the oppositeeffect of promoting or hindering on it, and the two are closely related. The expansion of the global value chainsrequires timely and effective changes to the WTO multilateral trade rules system. Due to the stagnation of theDoha Round, the spread of regional trade agreements has departed from the normal approach of global economicgovernance. In 2018, the United States initiated the reconstruction of international economic and trade rules,attempting to reshape the world economy through the counteraction of superstructures, but further dragged globaleconomic governance into an“exclusive”regional approach, which not only caused an“anti-globalization”trend,but also harmed the common interests of countries around the world. The current global public health crisis hasbrought the issue of supply chain security to the level of national security and may exacerbate the dilemma ofglobal economic governance. As a major economy that is deeply integrated into economic globalization, Chinashould strengthen its advocate and actively promote the improvement of the global economic governance system,to make sure that the global economic governance can return to the normal approach and form a dynamic virtuous&nbsp;<span>circle with the development of the world economy.</span> </p> </div> </div></div>

经济全球化与全球经济治理体系的关系符合马克思“经济基础与上层建筑关系”理论，即经济全球化起着基础性决定作用，而全球经济治理体系对其有着促进或阻碍的反作用。全球价值链扩展和深化，需要对WTO多边贸易规则体系进行变革，但多哈回合的停滞、区域贸易协定的蔓延等，已经背离了全球价值链对全球经济治理的要求。近年来，美国启动的国际经贸规则重构，企图通过全球经济治理体系的反作用来重塑世界经济，正在将全球经济治理拖入“排他性”区域化模式，不仅造成“逆全球化”趋势，也损害了世界各国的共同利益。而全球公共卫生危机进一步将供应链问题提到国家经济安全的高度，并可能加剧全球经济治理的区域化困境,疫后世界经济联系的修补极可能是一个“重构全球化”的过程，而不是简单地恢复此前的全球价值链。本质上而言，对于未来国际经贸规则的构建，美国大选后仍将在相当长的一段时间内采取“排他性”的区域化模式，世界上层建筑和经济基础之间的不协调将呈现新的形态。作为高度融入经济全球化的贸易大国，中国应当坚定自身主张，积极推动全球经济治理体系的改革与完善，使全球经济治理符合世界经济发展的客观要求。

Global value chains (GVCs) will undergo substantive transformation in the decade ahead, reshaping the global trade and investment landscape. The change will be driven by five major forces: economic governance realignment, the new industrial revolution, the sustainability endeavor, corporate accountability, and resilience-oriented restructuring. All of this will present challenges and opportunities for firms and states alike, leading to an investment-development paradigm shift. This article discusses the five driving forces for the GVC transformation, projects ten broad trends in the evolution of the global trade and investment landscape, and also presents a forward-looking agenda for multi-dimensional research and policy in the decade ahead. It aims at providing a framework for future research that encourages cross-disciplinary collaboration as well as a structured dialogue between academia and policymakers.

The COVID-19 pandemic is considered the biggest crisis confronted with the world after the Second World War, which has brought huge impacts on people’s health and daily life, economic growth and employment as well as national and international governance. Increasing pessimism is buzzing among scholars, critics, entrepreneurs, the mass and even government officials, and views like the end of economic globalization, large-scale spatial restructuring of global supply chains and fundamental change of the world economic governance structure are becoming prevailing on the media. This paper tries to address the issue of the development trend of economic globalization in the post-pandemic era by developing a framework of globalization’s Triangle Structure to understand its dynamics in addition to a summary of the on-going impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the spatial fix of capital accumulation, time-space compression led by technological advance and openness of nations are the three major drivers of economic globalization, and the changes and interactions of these three drivers decide the development trend of economic globalization. From such a dynamic viewpoint, economic globalization is an ever-changing integration process without an end but constant fluctuations. The cost of decoupling of nations from globalization would be very huge because they have been highly integrated by global production networks and trade networks and no nation can afford a complete decoupling. The so-called de-globalization phenomena are just short-term adjusting strategies of nations to cope with power reconfigurations brought by economic globalization. The pandemic will have little impacts, or probably nothing, on the spatial fix of capital accumulation and time-space compression led by technological advance, but may temporarily influence some nations' openness. If the pandemic does not last long, economic globalization will resume from the shock soon after the world goes back to normal, and develop and restructure according to its own dynamics. Thus, we tend to believe the pandemic at most slams the brake of globalization and would not be able to put it into reverse. Economic globalization will not stop or reverse, but develop towards a more inclusive stage.

新冠肺炎疫情是第二次世界大战以来世界面临的最大危机,给世界带来巨大的冲击,包括人们的心理和生活、经济增长与就业、国家治理及世界治理等。这些影响使很多学者、评论家、大众、企业家乃至政府官员产生了非常悲观的情绪,舆论中不乏经济全球化将终结、全球供应链将大规模调整、世界治理格局将彻底改变等言论。本文通过建立“全球化的三角结构”剖析了经济全球化的动力机制,并结合疫情对世界的主要影响,试图揭示后疫情时代经济全球化的走势。我们认为,资本的“空间出路”、技术的“时空压缩”和国家的开放程度是驱动经济全球化的三个基本力量,这三者的变化及其相互作用结果影响着全球化进程。从动力机制看,全球化是一个没有终点且不断变化的历史过程,它不会倒退,而是波动。过去半个世纪以来,世界各国已经被全球化紧密地联系在一起,相互脱钩的代价极其昂贵,没有国家会选择完全脱钩。所谓的逆全球化现象,是全球化发展过程中世界格局变化及各国应对策略调整的结果。新冠肺炎疫情并不能影响全球化的资本和技术驱动力,但是可能影响国家的开放程度。如果疫情持续时间不是很长,经济全球化将很快会回归原有的发展轨迹,继续进行调整。各国也将继续围绕经济全球化进行斗争、妥协、再斗争,直至形成一个相对稳定的状态。因此,经济全球化可能因为应对疫情而踩下急刹车,甚至暂退半步,但很快将继续前行,向着“包容性全球化”的方向发展。

Since the 1980s, the western countries have developed into the postindustrial society with the dominance of knowledge based economies and services. The societal economic transformations make the space-economy relations more complex. Economic actors are embedded in the complex global-local system. Economic geography starts to go beyond economics and widely borrows theories and methods from sociology, management, institutional economics, anthropology, and cultural studies. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review about the progress in the western economic geography in the last three decades, documenting the changes of research perspectives, progresses in hot research areas and policy relevance. The mainstream economic geography has experienced a number of turns in research perspectives, including new regionalism, institutional turn, cultural turn, relational turn and evolutionary turn. Political economy remains one of the influential perspectives in the research of economic geography, especially in the global financial crisis. Based on the analysis of knowledge network of economic geography built with key words, this paper identifies eight hot research areas in the western economic geography and reviews their progresses in research. Those areas include region and local development, industrial geography, economic globalization, labor geography, innovation geography, consumption geography, financial geography and environmental economic geography. Finally, this paper summarizes the key features of economic geography in the west and proposes some implications for economic geographers in China.

20世纪80年代以来,西方经济地理学与经济学、政治学、社会学、管理学等社会科学广泛融合,呈现出空前繁荣的局面。本文对这一时期西方经济地理学的思潮演变、热点研究领域以及政策研究等方面进行梳理。西方经济地理学在经历了地理学的&#x0201c;新经济地理学&#x0201d;和经济学的&#x0201c;新经济地理学&#x0201d;两个影响深远的变革后,研究领域和主题逐步走向多样化与复杂化。本文综述了8个热点研究领域,包括区域与地方发展、经济全球化、产业地理、劳动力地理、创新与创意地理、消费地理、环境经济地理和金融地理的研究进展,并讨论了经济地理学与政策研究的关系,最后总结了西方经济地理学的特点。

Designed to break with state‐centric approaches to understanding economic development, global commodity chain, global value chain (GVC), and global production network (GPN) analyses have deepened our understanding of the corporate governance of global lead firms and associated development outcomes in an era of globalisation. Although this research field is recognised to have provided considerable insight into private governance, a rapidly emerging body of research has given greater attention to the role of the state in GVCs and GPN. Although the state playing a role as facilitator towards firms participating in GPNs has often been an emphasis, this article argues that a variety of other roles are of increasing prominence, including as regulator, producer (state‐owned enterprises), and buyer (public procurement). A major challenge for both policymakers and researchers is to understand how a range of state initiatives not just shape but also are shaped by their positioning in GVCs and GPNs.

The study of the spatial diffusion and geographical mode of COVID-19 is of great significance for the rational allocation of health resources, the management and response of public health emergencies, and the improvement of public health system in the future. Based on multiple spatio-temporal scale, this paper studied the spatial spreading process of COVID-19 between cities and its evolution characteristics in China, and then explored its influencing factors. The results are shown in the following: the inter-city spreading process of COVID-19 in China mainly experienced six stages, namely, stage I: diffusion in Wuhan, stage II: rapid multi-point diffusion in space, stage III: rapid increase of confirmed cases, stage IV : gradual decrease of new confirmed cases, stage V: the epidemic under control, and stage VI: cases imported from overseas. In the context of globalization and open regional system, the social and economic development of regions are closely related to each other. With the development of fast and convenient high-speed railway network, the spatial characteristic of population migration shows a cross-regional and hierarchical pattern, and forms a certain spatial cascade structure along the transport corridor. Accordingly, the spatial spread of COVID-19 mainly showsthe characteristics of adjacent diffusion, relocation diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, and corridor diffusion. The study found that geographical proximity, population migration and population size, traffic network, epidemic prevention and control measures have significant influence on the spatial diffusion process of COVID-19. Among different modes of transportation, airplanes play agreater role than others in the early stage of the epidemic. In addition, the population flow during the Spring Festival had a certain impact on the spread of the epidemic. In conclusion, to some extent, the spatial spread process and pattern of COVID-19 epidemic reflects the spatial organization pattern of social and economic activities under the "space of flows" network, which is closely related to the geographical proximity, the social and economic linkages between regions, and the spatial an temporal patterns of human activities. From the perspective of geography, this paper analyzed the inter-city spread pattern of COVID-19 epidemic and provided some implications for prevention and control measures against the epidemic in other countries, and also offered some suggestions for China to deal with public health emergency risks in the future.

研究新冠肺炎疫情的空间扩散过程与模式对于防疫抗疫资源的合理配置、突发公共卫生事件的管理与应对以及未来公共卫生体系的完善具有重要意义。本文综合时间和空间尺度,从地理学视角研究了新冠肺炎疫情的城际空间扩散过程,归纳总结扩散模式,并揭示了其影响因素。研究发现：新冠肺炎疫情在中国的发展主要经历了6个阶段,并在空间上表现出邻近扩散、迁移扩散、等级扩散和廊道扩散等地理模式;地理邻近性、人口流动、人口规模、交通网络、疫情防控管理等因素对疫情的空间扩散具有显著影响。新冠肺炎疫情的空间扩散过程和模式一定程度上是“流空间”网络下人类社会经济活动空间组织模式的一种反映,与地理邻近性、社会经济联系的跨区域性及人类活动的时空规律等密切相关。本研究以期为世界各国的疫情防控措施制定提供参考,也为中国未来应对公共卫生应急风险提供经验借鉴。

The economic fallout from COVID-19 has precipitated a crisis in global supply chains. The lockdown of consumers worldwide has triggered a fall in demand that has so far led to the dismissal of up to one-third of Cambodia’s garment sector workforce. Though the pandemic is exceptional, this is a crisis rooted in the exemplary rather than extraordinary hyper-precarity of workers in global industry. Here, I argue that COVID-19 spotlights the elusive ‘dark sides’ of global production in economic geography, revealing the necrocapitalist logics of supply chains.

关系经济地理学是当前经济地理学界的主要流派之一,当前国内研究对该流派中的全球生产网络分析框架较为熟悉,但是对流派本身的认识不足。本文全面回顾了该流派的缘起、孕育、成型和深化拓展的历程,对存在问题展开评述。主要得到三个结论：① 关系经济地理有鲜明的地理学科特色,是全球化研究不可或缺的中坚力量,是提升经济地理学科地位的重要支撑。② 关系经济地理当前的理论模型存在体系复杂、变量过多的问题,同时核心解释变量缺乏完整的理论推导逻辑,依然需要靠案例来完善实证,而无法定量测度。③ 当前学者已经在国际期刊上基于中国实践进行理论修补与创新,为我们提供了良好的示范。本文为此评述了两个系列的研究,评述基于中国实践进行理论创新的方法和路径。本文有助于推动中国经济地理研究的国际化,对探讨中国经济发展实践经验的理论创新,有着积极的科学意义。

In this framing paper for the special issue, we map significant research on global production networks during the past decade in economic geography and adjacent fields. In line with the core aim of the special issue to push for new conceptual advances, the paper focuses on the central elements of GPN theory to showcase recent rethinking related to the delimiting of global production networks, underlying political-economic drivers, actor-specific strategies and regional/national development outcomes. We suggest that the analytical purchase of this recent work is greater in research that has continued to keep a tight focus on the causal links between the organizational configurations of global production networks and uneven development. Concomitantly, considerable effort in the literature has gone into expanding the remit of GPN research in different directions, and we thus engage with five domains or 'constituent outsides' that relate to the state, finance, labour, environment and development. We believe such cross-domain fertilisation can help realize GPN 2.0's potential for explaining uneven development in an interconnected world economy.

At the regional level, the imperative of sustainable development often manifests itself in an emphasis on developing green industries. However, regions vary in their preconditions for achieving this. In this paper we link regional preconditions to various pathways for green industry development. This provides the foundation for identifying place-based policy implications for growing green industries in different types of regions, grounded in the emerging perspective in innovation studies on transformative innovation policy. The paper thereby helps to understand the pathways for greening the economy in different regional contexts and how such green pathways can be promoted through policy.

Extra-regional linkages can benefit regional development by introducing supplement resources and technologies. They also enrich the local knowledge base, keeping regions away from depression due to lock-in effects. Global-local interaction (GLI) research represents the academic effort to theorize this process by examining the interplay between a wide array of actors at multi-scales within particular territorial confines. It raises four critical questions regarding the conditions, regional differences, channels, and actors for interaction. The literature has documented that the relatedness between local and nonlocal inputs determines the probability of GLI. Local capabilities determine the extent of GLI. The literature also reveals that the leading and most lagging behind regions tend to benefit from GLI. Knowledge diffusion, foreign investment, and international trade are primary elements that support GLI. As one region continues to develop, the immigrants and nonlocal institutions may enrich the GLI. Conventionally, the literature on GLI is firm-centric. Recent advances highlight the role of individuals, such as entrepreneurs and employees. There is also increasing awareness of the non-economic agency, especially the institutional agency. Overall, an in-depth examination is still required for understanding the scales, dynamics, and agencies of GLI for regional development. Grounded in the context of China's regional restructuring and opening-up, this study proposes a framework to model GLI in China and discusses its potential for future studies.

建立对外联系、利用外部资源有助于弥补区域发展新经济活动所面临的资源与技术缺口,为区域发展注入新活力,避免陷入路径锁定导致发展停滞甚至衰退。对外联系的建立势必与本地已有联系相互作用,表现为“全球-地方”之间多类型行为主体在特定空间支持与约束下的互动,涉及4个基本问题：发生条件、区域差异、互动内容与行为主体。梳理现有研究发现：① 本地与非本地要素的相似性或互补性决定了互动发生的可能性,本地能力则进一步决定互动发生的程度;② 互动对于优势地区和后进地区2类极端类型地区更为有效;③ 互动内容以知识、贸易、资本等要素为主,日益强调非本地劳动力和非本地制度的影响;④ 互动主体以企业为中心。近年来研究一方面强调企业家等个体作用,另一方面关注非经济主体的作用。整体而言,既有研究在区域发展中“全球-地方”互动的尺度结构、动态变化和行为主体等方面仍面临挑战。结合中国当前区域经济转型与主动全球化并行的发展现状,论文提出理解中国区域发展“全球-地方”互动的关键问题与潜在方向。

Standing at a crossroads, where ongoing ‘slowbalisation’ coincides with new forces such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, heightened geopolitical tensions, the emergence of disruptive technologies and the increasing urgency of addressing environmental challenges, many important questions remain unsolved regarding the nature and impact of the current economic globalisation. This special issue on ‘Globalisation in Reverse? Reconfiguring the Geographies of Value Chains and Production Networks’ aims at showcasing recent work that seeks to contribute to, and advance, the debates on economic globalisation and the reconfiguration of global value chains and production networks. This introductory article has three objectives: first, based on a broad literature review, we aim to identify four key forces, as well as the fundamental relatively stable capitalist logics contributing to the complex reconfiguration of global economic activities. Second, we will position the papers included in this special issue against the four main forces identified and discuss the contributions of each article to capture some emerging cross-paper patterns among them. Finally, we outline the contours of a research agenda that suggests promising avenues for further investigation of the phenomenon of value chain and production network reconfigurations in times of uncertainty.

An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic governance mechanisms. Meanwhile, with the crisis of neo-liberalism, economic globalization has arrived at a crossroad. In particular, incessant voices speak out against globalization, making the quest for a new way of promoting global development a major challenge. In this context, more and more political elites and scholars consider that the BRI opens up a possible new globalization path, amongst which inclusive globalization warrants exploration. On the basis of a brief analysis of the course and mechanism of global economic expansion and the limitations of neo-liberal globalization, along with the putting into practice of the BRI, this paper outlines some of the core features of inclusive globalization, i.e., inclusive growth with effective and efficient government regulation; inclusive infrastructure development; inclusive development paths chosen nationally that suit national conditions; inclusive participation; and cultural inclusiveness. Although these features are not sufficient to characterize fully inclusive globalization, they do identify some directions for future research, and provide elements of a discursive construction of the BRI.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has changed from a China-based initiative to an international consensus, and is becoming a platform for a growing number of countries in the world to explore new international economic governance mechanisms. Such a great change along with impressive achievements of BRI development has attracted academic attention from almost all disciplines except basic sciences, giving rise to huge literature. This paper will first explore data from China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database to summarize the characteristics of literature on BRI in general, and then review progress in research on major BRI topics related to geography. The paper finds: (1) the number of Chinese papers on BRI increased by 21 times in three years, from 1012 in 2014 to 21216 in 2017; (2) these papers cover various BRI-related topics but most of them are macroscopic and very general studies of BRI with a taste of public voices, implying that quality papers with deep academic studies are demanded to support the BRI development; (3) more frequently discussed topics are China's outward foreign direct investment, facilities connection, "going out", globalization, global economic governance, community of shared destiny and internationalization of Renminbi; and (4) specific topics that are more deeply studied by geographers are connotation and discourse of BRI, geopolitical analysis of BRI, China-Europe Express Train, global strategic shipping pivot, model of China's outward foreign direct investment and overseas industrial parks, trade pattern and its impacts on economic growth of both China and its trade partners. Lastly, the paper suggests enhancing the discursive construction of BRI and studies of new BRI mechanisms as well as studies of countries involved in BRI, and promoting dialogues and collaborations between Chinese scholars and foreign scholars on BRI studies.

“一带一路”经历了从中国倡议到国际共识的巨大转变,正在成为世界上越来越多国家和政治领袖们探索全球经济治理新模式的平台。伴随这种转变以及“一带一路”建设所取得的成就,“一带一路”研究已经深入到除了基础科学领域外的几乎所有学科。本文根据中国知网（CNKI）数据分析了4年多来“一带一路”研究文献的特征,而后总结了与地理学密切相关的“一带一路”核心议题的研究进展。研究发现：① 自2014年以来“一带一路”研究发文量迅速上升,由2014年的1000多篇飙升到2017年的20000多篇;② 文献比较庞杂,以宏观性、战略性和一般性文献为主,舆论性很高,基于深入研究的高水平学术文献少,还不能很好地支撑“一带一路”建设;③ 对外直接投资、互联互通、“走出去”、全球化、全球治理、命运共同体、人民币国际化等得到的关注较多;④ 地理学在“一带一路”的战略内涵和理论构建、地缘政治经济分析、“中欧班列”、海上航运战略支点、海外投资模式、经贸格局及其经济影响、资源环境问题等方面研究较为深入。最后,本文呼吁加强“一带一路”的理论建构以及建设机制和国别研究,并积极开展中外学者之间“一带一路”研究对话以及合作研究。

International Development Studies refers to the study of the localization process of development experience and knowledge of relatively developed countries in developing countries, and is a classic topic of Western geographic research. This paper reviews and summarizes the disciplinary development of International Development Studies since the mid-20th century, including the background and process of its emergence, and its current disciplinary pattern. It also systematically discusses four phases of evolution in international development knowledge, including the modernization theory phase (1950s-1970s), the neoliberal phase (1980s-1990s), the neo-structural phase (2000s), and the new modernization theory phase (2010s-present). Drawing on the Western experience and considering the current rise of China, we suggest that China has reached a new stage when it needs to provide international development knowledge to developing countries and should actively promote the study of International Development Geography. In relation to the requirement of constructing the Belt and Road Initiative towards a new stage of high-quality development, and based on the disciplinary advantages of geographic research, we propose four directions of future research in International Development Geography, including China's regional development experience and spatial governance model, the modernization geography of developing countries, case studies of major overseas projects of the Belt and Road construction, and the geography of international development financing.

国际发展研究指相对发达国家的发展经验和知识在发展中国家本地化的研究，是西方地理学的经典议题。本文梳理和总结了20世纪中叶以来国际发展研究的发展历程，包括其出现背景、兴起过程和学科格局，系统评述了国际发展知识演变的4个阶段，即现代化理论阶段（20世纪50—70年代）、新自由主义阶段（20世纪80—90年代）、新结构主义阶段（21世纪初10年），以及新现代化理论阶段（21世纪10年代至今）。借鉴西方经验，对照当前中国崛起的过程，提出中国已经到了需要为发展中国家提供国际发展知识的新阶段，应积极推动国际发展地理学。结合高质量共建“一带一路”的必然要求，立足学科优势，建议了中国开展国际发展地理学研究的4个方向，包括基于中国的区域发展经验和空间治理模式研究，针对发展中国家现代化地理研究，“一带一路”建设海外重大项目案例研究和国际发展融资地理研究。

After the global financial crisis in 2008, especially the new global epidemic COVID-19 outbreak at the beginning of 2020 has deeply impacted the whole world, and the world is entering a century of unprecedented changes. In the post-crisis era, the development orientation and strategy of globalization have already undergone a subversive change, the development of globalization has entered a new cycle and stage, with the decoupling of globalization, regionalization and localization, trade protectionism, geopolitical friction and conflict having becoming a prominent feature of new globalization. In order to fully deal with the uncertain risks bring by the new globalization, it is necessary to objectively summarize the main features and overall trends of the new globalization, deeply analysis the impact and main challenges of the new globalization both to the world economic landscape and China's regional development, conform to the global restructuring trend of 5th global industrial transfer, build regional value chains and production networks on the basis of BRI, take efficiency and fairness into account of China's regional development strategy from the perspective of top-level strategic planning, build a new development pattern both focus on domestic big cycle and dual cycle of internal and external. This is a responsible performance of highlighting China's status as a global development power and daring to shoulder the burden of leading global development. And it is also a necessary measure to effectively control and deal with various uncertainties and conflicts caused by structural weaknesses of new globalization.

2008年全球金融危机后，特别是2020年伊始全球新冠疫情深度冲击全球，世界面临百年未有之大变局。本文分析了“后危机时期”的全球化发展导向和策略转变，以及全球化脱钩、区域化与本土化、贸易保护主义、地缘摩擦与冲突等新全球化的显著表征，认为全球化发展已发生转折并进入新的周期与阶段。为充分应对新全球化带来的不确定性风险挑战，中国需要客观总结新全球化的主要表征与整体趋势，准确把握新全球化对于全球经济地理和中国区域发展的影响与挑战，顺应全球第五次产业转移深度影响全球经济地理演变的总体趋势，以“一带一路”倡议为契机构建以中国为核心的区域价值链和生产-贸易网络，在顶层战略谋划中兼顾中国区域协调发展的效率与公平，构建以国内大循环为主体，国内、国际双循环相互促进的发展新格局，这既是有效管控和妥善应对新全球化阶段性转折和结构性弱点的必然举措，更是有效统筹国内、国际两个大局，彰显中国全球性大国地位、勇于承担引领全球发展重担的负责任表现。

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region has experienced a path from competition and cooperation to high-quality coordinated development. Under the new development pattern of "dual circulation", the coordinated development of the BTH region is facing new challenges and new development goals, and it is urgent for the region to achieve innovation-driven economic transformation. This paper starts from the aspects of division in the value chain, technology and capital element flow, systematically combs the status in value chain and radiation capabilities of the BTH region in the "international circulation" and "national circulation", and coordinated development status of the BTH region expressed by "internal circulation". It was found that the BTH did not form the capacity corresponding to the world-class urban agglomeration in the "international circulation", and occupies the low value-added link of the value chain. In the "national circulation", the BTH has played a role of R&D service center, so it occupies the high value-added link of the value chain. It also exports technology and capital and becomes a highland of domestic innovation and capital, but its attraction and radiation are limited. Further exploration found that the BTH is relatively marginalized in the "international circulation", which is one of the important reasons that they have not been complementary to each other in "internal circulation". Moreover, Tianjin and Hebei are less attractive to Beijing's capital and technology, so Beijing's patents are difficult to transform within the BTH urban agglomeration. Therefore, the BTH region failed to achieve innovation-driven economic growth. In the next stage, the BTH urban agglomeration should be driven by the horizontal knowledge chain and gradient innovation chain to build a vertical industrial chain. Specifically, in the "national circulation", efforts should be made to create a collaborative pattern, that is, Beijing specializes in research and develop, Tianjin specializes in high-end manufacturing, and Hebei specializes in logistics service. "International circulation" builds a model of "Beijing innovation cluster, Hebei integrated manufacturing, Tianjin R&D and shipping" mode, gradually realize the "national circulation" to feed back the "international circulation".

京津冀地区经历了从竞争、合作到迈向高质量协同发展的过程,在&#x0201c;双循环&#x0201d;新发展格局下,京津冀协同发展面临着新挑战和新目标,亟需实现创新驱动经济转型。本文从价值链分工和要素流动等方面入手,系统梳理了京津冀在&#x0201c;外循环&#x0201d;和&#x0201c;国内大循环&#x0201d;中的价值链地位和辐射能力,以及以&#x0201c;京津冀小循环&#x0201d;为表现的京津冀协同发展现状。结果发现,京津冀在&#x0201c;外循环&#x0201d;中没有形成世界级城市群相对应的技术分工和知识生产能力,处于价值链较低附加值环节;在&#x0201c;国内大循环&#x0201d;中,京津冀占据价值链高附加值环节,并向外输出技术和资本,但吸引和辐射力有限。进一步探究发现,京津冀在&#x0201c;外循环&#x0201d;中相对边缘化的重要原因之一是&#x0201c;京津冀小循环&#x0201d;尚未打通,创新成果难以在城市群内部转化,从而未能实现&#x0201c;创新驱动经济增长新引擎&#x0201d;的城市群定位目标。下一阶段京津冀城市群应以水平知识链、梯度创新链为驱动,构建城市群垂直产业链。具体来说,&#x0201c;内循环&#x0201d;中应着力打造&#x0201c;北京研发&#x02014;天津高端制造&#x02014;河北物流服务&#x0201d;协同格局,&#x0201c;外循环&#x0201d;中构建以知识转移和市场突破为核心的&#x0201c;北京创新集聚溢出&#x02014;河北综合制造&#x02014;天津研发、航运&#x0201d;分工模式,逐步实现&#x0201c;内循环&#x0201d;反哺&#x0201c;外循环&#x0201d;。

Cross-border M&A (mergers and acquisitions) is an important way for enterprises to carry out overseas strategic layout, which has a significant impact on the pattern evolution of world economic geography. Based on record data of global cross-border M&A transactions from 2001 to 2017, a national-based network for the global scales is established to explore the evolution process and growth mechanism of global cross-border M&A network via the complex network analysis, the GIS method, and the spatial gravity model. Several conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The scale, density, and scope of the global cross-border M&A network have increased slightly, while there exists a trend of decentralization. (2) There is a sign that the center of gravity has been shifting from Western Europe and North America to the Asia-Pacific region for global cross-border M&A network, which is mainly driven by China. However, Chinese import and export of cross-border M&A largely rely on Hong Kong, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and so on. (3) There is a process of division and integration for condensing subgroup of global cross-border M&A network. Among them, the scope of condensing subgroup led by the UK and the US has been narrowed, while that led by China has been expanded, and the European condensing subgroup has been further integrated. (4) The evolution of global cross-border M&A network to varying degrees was influenced by the indicator attributes for each country (region), which was in turn related to the science and technology level, offshore financial center, as well as proximity indicators, which were related to geographical conditions, language and history. However, natural resource endowment and economic market size for cross-border M&A linkages only have one-way (receiving or output) effect, and economic proximity index is not significant in 2009 to 2017.

跨境并购是企业实施全球化战略的重要途径,对世界经济地理格局演化具有重大影响。本文基于2001&#x02014;2017年全球跨境并购交易记录数据建构网络,借助复杂网络分析、GIS空间技术以及引力模型等方法,对全球跨境并购网络的空间格局演化及其形成机制进行探讨。研究发现：① 全球跨境并购网络的规模、密度、范围均有小幅度增长,并存有去中心化趋势。② 全球跨境并购方和标的方的空间分布重心出现由西（欧美）向东（亚太）转移的迹象,其首要推动者为中国,但中国跨境并购联系的出入口依赖于中国香港、英属维京群岛、开曼群岛等地区。③ 全球跨境并购网络社团的空间组织范围总体与世界大区的范围保持吻合,其中全球最大的社团由英美主导但其凝聚范围出现收缩,中国主导的亚太社团凝聚范围得到扩大,德法主导的社团对欧洲进一步整合。④ 研究期内国家（地区）科技发展水平和离岸金融中心等属性要素,以及国家（地区）间地理、语言以及历史的邻近性要素始终是驱动网络形成的重要动力,而自然资源禀赋、经济市场规模指标在2009&#x02014;2017年对跨境并购联系的形成只产生了单向（接收或发出）影响,经济邻近性作用失效。

The expansion of leading Chinese companies facilitates the circulation of production factors, and endows cities with the dual role of participating in the internal and external dual circulation. The dual circulation strategy implies that China should "rely on the internal circulation of domestic demand and innovation as the main driver of the economy, and balance emphases on both internationalization and self-sufficiency". In this context, recognizing the functional differentiation of cities participating in the dual circulation is of great significance. Drawing on the organizational network of Chinese companies in the Forbes Global 2000 and Fortune Global 500 list in 2018, this research applies the interlocking network model to map the domestic and international connectivities of Chinese cities. In doing so, it uncovers cities′ different roles in participating in the internal and external circulations, as well as their intermediary functions in the dual circulation. Based on their major business activities, we further divide companies into four sectors: advanced producer service, consumer service, manufacturing, as well as mining and construction. This allows us to examine the sectoral differentiation of cities′ functions. We find that, administrative ranking and level of economic development have a significant impact on Chinese cities′ ability to participate in dual circulations. Our results also suggest hierarchical characteristics: national-level industrial centers have extensive global connections, and they are able to provide high-level products and services. Industrial centers at a regional level, by contrast, have stronger domestic connections, providing lower-level products and services to surrounding areas. Besides, different sectors shape various network structures and city functions. In the network shaped by advanced producer services, cities with high administrative rankings are able to participate the dual circulation; for the general service sector, the ability to participate in dual circulation is more affected by the level of economic development. By contrast, in the case of the manufacturing industry, a larger number of cities are involved in the dual circulation process, with a more scattered spatial distribution; in terms of the mining and construction industries, cities with resource advantages can widely participate in the dual circulation.

重要中资企业的海内外拓展布局,促进了生产要素的循环流动,也赋予了作为空间载体的城市参与链接国内国际循环的双重角色和职能分工。在&#x0201c;加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进&#x0201d;的新发展格局背景下,认清城市参与双循环的职能分异,对于科学评估城市融入双循环的能级水平具有重要意义。研究从福布斯全球企业2000强和《财富》世界500强中资企业的全球组织网络出发,利用链锁模型映射了企业视角下中国城市的国内国际联系网络,解析了城市参与链接国内国际循环和担任中介节点的职能分异,并分高级生产性服务业、一般服务业、制造业和采矿建筑等四种行业解析了职能分异的行业异质性。研究发现,中国城市链接国内国际循环的职能分异受行政等级和经济发展水平的影响显著,具有明显的层级性。其中,国家级产业中心城市,具有明显的对外服务职能;区域级中心城市,则具有更强的对内服务职能。不同类别行业塑造的网络格局和城市职能分工具有明显差异。

In the contexts of on-going global political-economic shifting and shocks of multi-scalar crises, regional economic resilience has become one of the key themes in economic geography for exploring regional development dynamics. Regional economic resilience is not only about local economic configurations and adaptability, but also related to extra-regional dynamics. Thus, it paradigmatically requires adopting a geographically multi-scalar and dynamic network perspective. This paper attempts to integrate the concept of strategic coupling from the GPN theory into the EEG-based regional economic resilience thinking, and to comparatively review the literature related to the two parts by bibliometric methods. Based on that, by focusing on different modes of evolutionary strategic coupling (including coupling, decoupling, and recoupling), the paper constructs an analytical framework of regional economic resilience from the perspective of strategic coupling in evolution. The paper concludes that: (1) any mode of strategic coupling is an agency-based process of strategic change and context-responding, which can be regarded as the core to understand the scalarity and the source of ability for regional economic resilience. (2) The two concepts come across several epistemological similarities on “connectedness”, “contextual sensitivity” and “path development”, and their integration can help to advance the understanding of regional economic resilience. (3) The agent's agency, motives, the degree of embeddedness and modes of strategic coupling are the keys to understand the ability and mechanism of regional economic resilience. This can also help to form a “local-global relational interaction” perspective to comprehensively explore the structural properties (regional advantages), processes (recovery, renewal, and reorientation), ability (recoverability, transformability, and renewal ability), and consequences (multiple development paths) of regional economic resilience. This paper argues that the perspective of strategic coupling in evolution can deconstruct the conventional “regionalism” wisdom of regional economic resilience, which can systematically help explore the causal mechanism of multi-scalarity, multi-agentic processes and multi-factor involved impacts in regional economic resilience. Moreover, this study fosters the integrative innovation between the relational and evolutionary paradigm and makes a practical contribution to corporation decision-making and regional economic development in China under the current “Double Circulation” strategy.

在全球政治经济变局和多尺度危机冲击语境下,区域经济韧性已成为当下经济地理学探究区域发展动态的核心议题。区域经济韧性不仅有关本地经济属性和适应力,更受到外部联系动态的影响,在范式上需融入多尺度网络动态观。本文将全球生产网络理论中的战略耦合概念纳入到演化经济地理学的区域经济韧性思想中,对两部分文献进行计量分析和梳理对比。在此基础上,以战略耦合不同模式（即耦合、去耦合、再耦合）为切入点,构建了一套基于&#x0201c;战略耦合演化&#x0201d;的区域经济韧性分析框架。研究结论：① 任何一种战略耦合模式,均是一种&#x0201c;战略性求变&#x0201d;和&#x0201c;语境应对&#x0201d;的能动行为过程,是理解区域经济韧性尺度性与能力来源的核心。② 两者在&#x0201c;连接度&#x0201d;&#x0201c;语境敏感性&#x0201d;&#x0201c;路径发展&#x0201d;概念上有较高的思想共性,相互融合可提升区域经济韧性的理论内涵。③ 战略耦合的能动主体、目的、嵌入性程度及方式是理解区域经济韧性特征和机制的关键,有助于从&#x0201c;地方-全球连接互动&#x0201d;的视角来综合分析区域经济韧性的初始属性（区域优势）、过程（恢复、更新和转型）、能力（恢复力、转型力和更新力）和结果（多元路径发展趋势）。本文认为战略耦合演化视角有利于破除以往&#x0201c;区域主义&#x0201d;韧性思想,能更科学地剖析区域经济韧性的多尺度语境依赖、多主体能动过程和多要素互动机制。此外,有利于推动关系与演化经济地理范式的融合创新,对&#x0201c;双循环&#x0201d;战略下中国企业决策和区域经济发展有重要现实意义。

当前区域经济韧性的测度研究的测度维度较为单一地聚焦在GDP之上,缺乏揭示韧性在其它经济指标上的表现;同时过于注重区域内因素,忽略了外向联系的影响。因此,本研究以粤港澳大湾区为例,选择5个经济指标对大湾区的经济韧性进行多维度测算,并借助关系经济地理学理论视角,对区域内部差异的形成原因给予解释。主要得到三个结论：第一,区域的经济韧性难以从单一维度来判定,多维度指标所揭示的经济韧性存在显著差异,其中GDP所表现出来的区域经济韧性较为保守,而就业指标所表现出来的经济韧性变动较大。第二,大湾区内部各城市的经济韧性存在显著差异,这些差异与区位和GDP规模无显著关系,而与其产业经济结构和嵌入全球生产网络方式有显著关系。第三,湾区城市在经济韧性表现的差异可以用战略耦合来进行初步解释,深圳因自主耦合而经济韧性表现最佳,佛山和广州次之,香港和澳门因以依附耦合的方式嵌入全球金融和酒店网络,因而经济韧性相对较差。本文为经济韧性研究提供了大湾区案例和新的分析视角,推动了关系经济地理学在经济韧性研究中的应用。本文建议未来要重视基于定性方法的经济韧性研究。

Regional development is a process in which industries develop, transform and upgrade constantly. Evolutionary economic geography understands the spatial evolution of firm, industry, cluster, network, city and region through the lens of firm entry, growth and exit, and argues that regional industrial evolution is path dependent and determined by inter-industrial technological relatedness. However, path dependence theory overemphasizes the endogenous factors in regional industrial development and ignores the critical role of external linkages and institutional factors, which would bring path creation for regional development. In China, there has been dramatic transformation in regional industrial structure since the economic reform. Empirical studies indicate that technological relatedness has indeed significantly determined regional industrial evolution, suggesting a path dependent process. Meanwhile, marketization, globalization and regional decentralization provide great opportunities to create new industries for regional development. In particular, external linkage, institutional factors and purposeful and strategic actions of local actors would stimulate path creation.

区域发展是区域产业不断演化、转型与升级的过程。近年来发展起来的演化经济地理学旨在通过分析企业进入、成长、衰退和退出等动态过程阐释企业、产业、集群、网络、城市和区域的空间演化,认为区域产业发展演化遵循路径依赖,并决定于产业技术关联。然而路径依赖式演化理论过于强调内生发展过程,忽视了外生因素和制度变革带来的路径创造机会。中国处于经济转型时期,区域产业结构变动剧烈。技术关联推动了区域产业演化,显示中国区域产业演化具有路径依赖性,同时市场化、全球化和分权化的经济转型过程为区域产业发展创造了新路径。外部联系、制度安排、行为主体的战略性行为等促进了路径创造。

Geographical distribution and agglomeration of industries have been a long lasting concern of economic geographers. Some studies have stressed geographical proximity and industrial agglomeration as the key driving force of uneven distribution of industries. Recently, evolutionary economic geography, based on evolutionary economics, has adopted a dynamic and historic perspective to study the evolution of regional industrial dynamics. It argues that geographical proximity is neither sufficient nor necessary for efficient knowledge spillovers; instead, it calls for more attention to the idea of cognitive proximity as well as its importance in regional industrial dynamics. The idea is that for knowledge spillovers to take place effectively, some kind of cognitive proximity in terms of shared competencies must be in place. Inspired by this, we examine China's regional industrial development through the lens of cognitive proximity, and propose the "principle of relatedness", that is, the probability of a region to enter/exit one specific economic activity is heavily dependent on regional pre-existing economic profile and local knowledge base. This paper first introduces some key, relevant concepts, and then reviews empirical studies that are underpinned by the "principle of relatedness". Furthermore, it discusses the applicability of "principle of relatedness" in the Chinese context. Our main findings are as follows: (1) theories on resource base view and knowledge spillovers both support the existence of the "principle of relatedness"; (2) the "principle of relatedness" enables us to better understand China's regional economic development, innovation and resilience; however, (3) the effectiveness of the "principle of relatedness" may be compromised by external shocks and internal institutions. One policy implication from the "principle of relatedness" as well as our empirical research is that Chinese regions should seek to diversify related industries and enhance related variety of their regional profiles. In doing so, they are able to become more economically resilient and achieve more sustainable economic development.

产业地理学研究产业空间分布及其动态演化规律。基于地理邻近性的集聚理论揭示了产业地理不平衡分布的内在机制。演化经济地理学借鉴演化经济学的历史视角,从历史角度考察经济活动空间分布的渐进演化机制,认为地理邻近性不是产业地理格局演化的充分必要条件,以认知邻近性为核心的多维邻近性能够提供更好的解释。本文从认知邻近视角系统地分析了中国区域产业发展与布局动态演化规律,总结出中国产业发展与布局的“关联法则”,即一个企业或区域进入（或退出）某项经济活动的概率是该企业或地区拥有的基于相关知识基础的经济活动的函数。本文全面地回顾了关联法则涉及的关键概念,梳理企业和区域尺度的实证研究成果,讨论关联法则在中国的适用性及其补充和拓展。本文指出：① 在认知邻近视角下,基于资源转换和组织学习等理论基础,关联法则研究了企业或区域发展新产业与现有产业之间的关系。② 关联法则不仅适用于中国企业和区域尺度,还会影响区域经济发展、创新和韧性等。③ 外部联系、冲击以及内部制度环境等可能会降低区域产业动态对本地产业基础的依赖性。关联法则指出中国区域需培育内生发展模式,围绕现有区域能力、技术和知识积累发展区域产业和实现区际产业优化布局与分工,逐步建立相关多样化的产业体系,增强区域韧性,支撑国内经济循环。

Against the background of economic globalization and technological development, innovation network has been a heated topic in the field of economic geography research. However, the scale of research of innovation network remains debatable. Among the global, nation, and local scales, which one is important? The concept of “glocalization” provides a new perspective to this research. Glocalization refers to the twin process whereby, firstly, institutional arrangements shift from the national scale both upwards to the global scale and downwards to local configurations and, secondly, economic activities and inter firm networks are becoming simultaneously more localized/ regionalized and transnational. Based on solid theoretical reviews, this article defines the concept of glocal innovation network and then discusses the main issues and research methods of glocal innovation networks. In this article, glocal innovation network is defined as the sum of knowledge network channels of various innovators, for example, firms, universities, and research institutes, which increasingly connect globally scattered innovation resources together. Local innovation networks, which are the sub-networks of global innovation networks, are connected by trans-local knowledge flows. Glocal innovation networks are organized by the negotiation among industrial associations and technology alliances and their members. Network knowledge measurement is the suitable method to analyze the structure, evolution, and mechanism of glocal innovation network. The concept of glocal innovation networks provides a new perspective to analyze the approaches of local/regional innovation capabilities promotion and economic development by utilizing global and local knowledge. We conclude that existing research remains at the stage of conceptual discussion and case studies. Therefore, the following issues should be further studied: (1) glocal innovation network evolution dynamics and its connection with economic development; (2) comparative study of glocal networks of different industries and technologies; (3) characteristics of Chinese glocal innovation networks, which can provide empirical evidence of latecomer regions in the catching-up process for further theoretical discussion.

全球化、创新驱动是新时代的重要特征之一,创新网络成为经济地理学者关注的热点领域之一。在评述现有创新网络研究成果的基础上,本文界定了全球—地方创新网络的内涵和特征,论述了其类型、结构、作用机理和分析方法,并得出结论：全球创新网络与地方创新网络是不可分割的有机体,地方创新网络是全球创新网络的子系统,知识流是创新网络各主体之间联系的重要纽带,行业协会、技术联盟与成员之间的多次协商是全球—地方创新网络的重要组织方式,而网络知识测量方法则能较好地实现定性分析结论与统计计算结论的融合,能较好地刻画、模拟全球—地方创新网络的形态、结构、演变和机理。从服务国家建设和推动中国创新地理学发展的目标出发,有必要开展基于中国国情和视角的全球—地方创新网络机理与区域经济增长之间互动关系的研究,启动不同产业领域的全球—地方创新网络的比较分析,检验网络知识测量方法的可靠性和准确性。

Building a hierarchical and reasonable structured science and technology cooperation network plays a very important role in promoting collaborative innovation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH). This paper analyzes the evolutionary characteristics of the science and technology cooperation network between cities in the BTH during 2013-2018 from two perspectives: the research cooperation network based on knowledge innovation and the technology cooperation network based on technology innovation. This paper uses micro data of collaborative papers and collaborative patents and applies social network analysis to examine the evolutionary characteristics of the science and technology cooperation network between cities in the BTH from 2013-2018, and empirically tests the influence of 78 pairs of city in the study area on the science and technology cooperation based on panel econometric model factors. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows. First of all, the rapid growth of the research cooperation network of the BTH presents a spatial structure characterized as the twin cores of Beijing and Tianjin, with Beijing-Tianjin as the main axis and Beijing-Baoding-Shijiazhuang as the secondary axis. Second, the BTH gradually formed a technical cooperation network structure with Beijing as the main center, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang as secondary centers, Langfang, Baoding and Cangzhou as tertiary hubs, and other cities as nodes. Finally, small distance plays a positive role in science and technology cooperation between cities, and the compression of spatial and temporal distance brought by the operation of high-speed rail can weaken the spatial attenuation coefficient of science and technology cooperation. Compared with research cooperation, technical cooperation is more sensitive to spatial distance. Technological proximity is the main driving factor for promoting science and technology cooperation between cities, especially the promoting effect on technological cooperation is more obvious. The smaller the gap of economic development, the easier it is to generate science and technology cooperation cooperation between cities.

构建层次分明、结构合理的科技合作网络对于推动京津冀协同创新具有非常重要的作用。本文从基于知识创新的科研合作网络和基于技术创新的技术合作网络的角度,使用合作论文和合作专利数据,采用社会网络分析法对2013&#x02014;2018年京津冀地区地级及以上城市之间科技合作网络的演变特征进行了分析,并基于半参数估计和面板计量模型实证检验了影响京津冀78个城市对之间科技合作的主要因素。主要结论为：① 京津冀科研合作网络快速成长,呈现北京与天津双核引领,以京津为主轴、京保石为次轴的空间结构。② 京津冀逐渐形成了以北京为主中心,天津、石家庄为次中心,廊坊、保定、沧州为三级枢纽,其他城市为节点的技术合作网络结构。③ 空间距离越近的城市之间越容易产生科技合作,高铁开通带来的时空距离压缩可以减弱科技合作的空间衰减系数;相对于科研合作,技术合作对于空间距离更为敏感;技术邻近性是促进城市间科技合作的主要驱动因子,尤其是对技术合作的促进效应更为明显;经济发展差距越小的城市之间相对容易产生技术合作。

网络范式的兴起赋予城市创新模式新的内涵,引起了经济地理学者对不同空间尺度知识流动和创新联系的关注。基于网络视角,以中国知识产权局2014年长三角城市群26个地级市合作发明专利信息为原始数据,借助Ucinet、ArcGIS等分析工具,从本地和跨界多维空间尺度,刻画长三角城市群创新网络结构,测度城市创新网络地位,评价城市创新能力,进而对城市创新模式进行划分。研究表明：①研发密集的大型国有企业、中外合资企业和知名的理工科院校具有较高的知识生产能力,成为长三角城市群创新合作优先链接主体;②长三角城市群重视外部知识获取,跨界网络成为重要的创新合作途径,地理距离对创新合作空间载体选择的制约减弱;③创新网络位置影响知识获取和城市创新,网络视角下的长三角城市群呈现四类创新模式,密集的“本地—跨界”创新网络有助于城市创新。研究结论对长三角城市群不同类型创新模式的优化升级具有一定的参考价值。

Building an international science and innovation center is the strategic direction for the sustainable development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), and it is also an important spatial carrier for China to cope with future global competitions. On the occasion of the third anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development Plan Outline", by reviewing the main progress and problems of the innovation and development of the region, this article presents the strategic re-thinking of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international science and technology innovation center under the new situation. The GBA has initially entered the stage of "innovative economy" development. Platform construction, talent agglomeration, and policy support have continued to be strengthened. Diversified cross-regional innovation collaboration models have emerged, but real challenges also exist in the areas of R&D output quality, resource allocation, and structure of talents. On the basis of continuing to consolidate the progress made in the construction of an international science and technology innovation center in the region, it is necessary to focus on the acquisition of innovation resources and improvement of innovation capabilities and the coordination and redistribution of innovation resources in the future, with continuous strategic optimization and adjustment.

建设国际科技创新中心是粤港澳大湾区打造国际一流湾区的战略方向,也是中国应对未来全球竞争的重要空间载体。值《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》颁布实施3周年之际,论文通过梳理粤港澳大湾区创新发展的主要进展、问题,对新形势下建设粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心进行战略再思考。粤港澳大湾区已初步进入&#x0201c;创新经济&#x0201d;发展阶段,平台建设、人才集聚与政策配套持续强化,多样化的跨区域创新协同模式不断涌现,但是在成果质量、资源配置、人才结构等方面存在现实挑战。在继续巩固粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设已有的基础上,未来应从&#x0201c;创新资源的获取与创新能力的提升&#x0201d;&#x0201c;创新资源的协同与再分配&#x0201d;等方面持续进行战略优化与调整。

Trade-environment relationship is one of the major manifestations of the coupled human-environment system, exhibiting significant complexity and uncertainty. Studies on the environmental effects of trade (EET) seek to explore the complementary or competing relationship between free trade and environment conservation, and give birth to a series of theories and hypotheses. Since globalization has witnessed increasing global-local interactions, this article outlines a framework of global connection, national power, and regional development to review existing studies on EET. It highlights how the process (flows) and the outcome (stocks) of trade work together to generate EET. Based on neo-classical international trade theory, this study identifies three types of stocks, namely location, growth, and regulation. In contrast, the integration of international trade and investment indicates the importance of intra-industry trade. This study shows that existing literature on EET is primarily based on the global and national scale, showing a "top-down" trend, where the role of environmental regulation stands at the center. However, these studies failed to incorporate the localized factors and neglected the interaction between trade policy and environmental regulation. They are also confined to the "north-south" trade and cease to follow the changing geography of trade. Accordingly, this article argues that EET studies should pay closer attention to regional development from a "glocalization" perspective to: (1) consider the expanding trade-induced regional inequality; (2) adapt to the coexistence of intra-and inter-industry trade; and (3) produce a proper scale for the coordination between trade policy and environmental regulation.

贸易与环境关系是理解人地关系的重要方面,是“人—地”相互作用复杂性与不确定性的集中体现。国际贸易环境效应研究旨在探究自由贸易和环境保护之间的互补或互斥关系,由此催生了一系列具有关联性和竞争性的理论假说。本文结合全球化过程中全球联系强化、地方力量崛起和国家力量变革等特征,分别从全球联系、国家力量和地方发展3个层面梳理了现有贸易环境效应理论假说和实证研究,指出贸易环境效应是贸易过程(流量变化)与贸易影响(存量累积)共同作用下的结果。建立在比较优势基础上的存量因素包括经济增长、环境规制与地理区位,而贸易与投资一体化的特征则揭示了产业内贸易的重要性。由此,本文发现既有研究更多地建立在比较优势的基础上探讨全球与国家层面的贸易环境效应,表现出“自上而下”的特征,强调环境规制的作用。同时,也存在局限于南北国家关系、对地方化特征关注较少、对贸易政策与环境规制协调机制的理解有待深化等不足。据此,本文提出全球地方化进程中的区域发展分析将为贸易环境效应研究提供有益补充,其作用为：①实现对贸易引致的区域不均衡性的考量;②满足产业内与产业间贸易并存的分析需要;③为协调环境规制与贸易政策提供合宜的尺度。

In response to the changing globalization process and its uncertainty, we should get a better understanding of China's exchanges of natural resources with the world, which lays the foundation of national resource security and promotes sustainable development. The international division of labor has experienced development from inter-industrial trade, intra-industrial trade, to global value chains. These phases offer quite different insights into the natural resource flows of China. Recent advances primarily focus on the direct exchanges of natural resources between nations as well as the indirect flows of resources embodied in trading goods. The literature demonstrates four mismatches of China's natural resource flows: the mismatch between steady ramping demand and highly concentrated supply, between high intensity and low efficiency of resource utilization, between endowment differences and flow directions of resources, and between global improvement and local deterioration. Future efforts should be made to extend the theoretical perspective and respond to the rising uncertainties. Regarding the extension of theoretical perspectives, the introduction of global production network theory provides a holistic framework to investigate how firm linkages shape the routes of resource flows. Such an investigation represents the changing strategy of China's globalization from bringing-in to going-global. It can also contribute to the emerging research agenda of natural resource governance in China. In response to the rising uncertainties of globalization, we should deepen the understanding of the resilience of the network of natural resource flows and the dual circulation development pattern of natural resources.

应对全球化变革及其不确定性,认识中国对外自然资源流动的特征与问题,是保障国家资源安全的基础,对实现高质量、可持续发展有重要意义。对应国际劳动分工从产业间贸易、产业内贸易到全球价值链的不同阶段,理解中国对外自然资源流动有不同的理论视角。现有研究主要关注自然资源以原始形态和制成品中的隐含形态在国家之间的流动,讨论了中国对外自然资源流动在供给与需求、利用强度与效率、资源禀赋与流向,以及全局与局部影响之间的矛盾。未来研究仍面临理论和现实的挑战。在理论方面,适应全球价值链分工发展,引入全球生产网络理论探讨企业间互动关系如何塑造自然资源流动路径,能更好地适应中国从&#x0201C;引进来&#x0201D;向&#x0201C;走出去&#x0201D;的转变,以及当下自然资源综合治理的研究需求。在现实方面,应对日益增强的不确定性,亟需深化对自然资源流动网络韧性,以及&#x0201C;双循环&#x0201D;互促关系的认识。

Environmental economic geography emerges as a reflection of the marginalization of the environment within the discipline of economic geography. It seeks to re-establish the linkage between economic geography and the environment. After almost two decades of development, environmental economic geography is still suffering from its poly-vocal, fragmented, and marginalized issues. This study scrutinizes the debates over the research agenda on environmental economic geography and reviews two primary strands of the literature. On this basis, this study discusses challenges for the future development of environmental economic geography. This study comes to four conclusions. Firstly, the development of environmental economic geography follows the theoretical advances in economic geography. It explore how environmental changes modify the spatial patterns of economic development. It also investigate how the spatial configuration of economic activities responds to the rising environmental risks and intensifying resource scarcity. Two research themes emerge, namely environmental governance and green transition. Secondly, environmental economic geography uses the theoretical framework of the Global Value Chain (GVC) and Global Production Network (GPN) to investigate how firms and regions can simultaneously upgrade in environmental and economic terms. It also seeks to establish the linkages between GVC/GPN governance and environmental governance. On the other hand, environmental economic geography identifies environmental regulation as a locational factor and examines its role in the location choice model. The empirical result offers various counter-examples for classical hypotheses, such as the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, the Porter Hypothesis, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Thirdly, environmental economic geography combines its theoretical interests with the theoretical advances in evolutionary economic geography. Particularly, the regional diversification theory and the path creation theory are incorporated into the empirical studies of environmental economic geography, which seek to unravel the conditions and processes of green transitions. Based on these theories, recent studies also offer some predictors for the regional green transition. Lastly, this study proposes that environmental economic geography is still suffering from the divergence between natural science and social science on research paradigm. Besides, the theoretical development of environmental economic geography is subject to a late-comer disadvantage. In this regard, it requires environmental economic geography to become more problem-oriented in the future, embracing the opportunities embedded in the issues for China’s sustainable development.

环境经济地理学是经济地理学反思资源环境在学科内部边缘化的产物,旨在重建经济地理学理论与资源环境之间的联系。历经近20年的发展,环境经济地理学研究片段化、地位边缘化的问题无明显改观。为此,本文回溯了环境经济地理学的发展思路,归纳了以环境经济地理学名义开展的研究工作,探讨了环境经济地理学发展面临的挑战与应对。研究发现：① 环境经济地理学过去20年的发展思路是以经济地理学理论为基础,探讨适应资源环境变化的经济发展与空间布局模式,凝练了环境治理和绿色转型两个研究主题。② 面向环境治理,环境经济地理学应用全球价值链和全球生产网络理论,探讨企业和地方如何实现环境和经济效益的共同提升;同时,借助区位分析评估作为区位因子的环境规制如何影响经济布局,发现了诸多&#x0201c;经典假说&#x0201d;的反例。③ 面向绿色转型,环境经济地理学与演化经济地理学结合,应用区域多样化和路径创造理论,分析了区域绿色转型的条件和过程。④ 环境经济地理学的未来发展需要克服范式差异、加强问题导向、推动理论创新,挖掘中国丰富的环境经济地理问题所蕴含的机遇。

The rise and fall of the great powers undoubtedly is not dominated by geo-political and geo-economic rules. Since the end of the Cold War, with the rapid economic development of China and other emerging countries, the international power structure is undergoing profound restructuring and the world is entering the new geo-political and geo-economic era. At present, China's geopolitical environment has become increasingly complex and its peaceful development urgently needs geopolitical and geo-economic theoretical support. Based on analysis of the current world geopolitical and geo-economic development trend, this paper discusses the ideological origins on the fundamental role of geography in the development of geopolitics and geo-economics; analyzes the deficiencies of the Chinese geographers in the field of geopolitics and geo-economics; and then puts forward some suggestions how to strengthen the geopolitical geo-economic studies.

大国间的争霸与兴衰更替,无疑不受地缘政治和地缘经济法则的支配。冷战结束以来,随着中国等新兴国家经济的迅速发展,国际权力结构正发生深刻重组,世界正在进入新的地缘政治、地缘经济大时代,中国和平发展亟需地缘政治学、地缘经济学的理论支撑。本文在总结世界地缘政治和地缘经济发展态势的基础上,从思想渊源上论述了地理学在地缘政治学和地缘经济学发展中的基础性作用,剖析了当前中国地理学在地缘政治地缘经济领域研究中的不足,进而提出了地理学界如何加强地缘政治地缘经济研究的几点建议。

Under the reshaping of the world political and economic map, regional grouping promoting the adjustment of global governance, and the change of international system brought about by the game of great powers, it is relevant to sort out the historical context of geo-economics. Based on the clarification of the geo-economic academic thought, this paper selected WOS and CNKI as the literature retrieval library, and used CiteSpace to sketch out the knowledge map of geo-economic research. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the geo-economic academic trend of China and the West has experienced the "greening period -development period - backtracking period". The budding period still exists in realistic political logic. The development period is liberal. The backtracking period re-emerged the national political connotation. Secondly, in recent years, the intensity of geo-economic research in the West is much higher than in China. The western authors are mainly distributed in the US, Russia, UK and Italy. The domestic scholars are mainly concentrated in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Normal University and East China Normal University. Thirdly, geo-economic literatures have a clear knowledge base and knowledge network, and the highly cited literatures are derived from the works of geography or political science. Geo-economics forms a knowledge structure based on power, and space as the logical starting point, economy as the logical spindle. The evolution process of hot topics is highly coupled with the development of academic thought. Competition in science and technology will become the focus of geo-economics research in the future. This paper suggests that geo-economic research should build a geo-economic theory with win-win cooperation and open development, and strengthen empirical research.

在科技革命重塑世界政经版图、区域集团化推动全球治理调整、大国博弈带来国际体系变革的背景下，梳理地缘经济研究脉络对于提升地缘经济理论品质具有重大意义。本文在厘清地缘经济思潮发展的基础上，借助Web of Science和CNKI数据库，运用知识可视化工具探究中西方地缘经济知识图谱的演进过程，研究结果如下：①在学术思潮发展层面，中西方地缘经济思潮经历了“萌芽期—发展期—回溯期”，萌芽期存在现实政治逻辑，发展期转向自由主义思潮，回溯期再度涌现国家政治内涵。②在时空演进层面，近年来西方地缘经济研究强度远高于国内，西方作者主要分布在美国、俄罗斯、英国和意大利，国内学者主要集中在中国科学院、云南师范大学、复旦大学等高校和科研机构。③在知识网络层面，地缘经济存在较强的学科交叉属性，拥有明确的知识基础，高被引文献源于政治学或地理学，形成以权力为逻辑基础、空间为逻辑起点、经济为逻辑主轴的知识架构，热点议题演进与学术思潮发展高度耦合，科技竞争将成为当前乃至未来很长一段时间的研究重点。最后，本文认为国内地缘经济研究应突破西方的理论桎梏，构建以合作共赢、开放发展为核心的理论体系，在方法论上应强化定量分析和实证研究。

The interdependence of economics among countries has been distinctly enhanced due to the end of the Cold War and the intensification of globalization. In terms of its content and form, geo-politics has shifted from a "high political area", which focuses on safety, to a "low political area", which emphasizes economics, making geo-economics the focus of the researches. Using tools including Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), Fragmentation Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, this paper revealed China's evolutionary characteristics of geo-economic connections at the global scale, and explored its internal mechanism by grey relational analysis. The results show: (1) China's geo-economic connections have undergone 4 periods of "Inoculating - Sprouting - Rising - Flourishing", which were significantly correlated to economic development and the industrial restructuring. (2) Labor-intensive industry is currently dominant in China, but capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries are gradually developing, and the disadvantages of primary goods is prominent. (3) China's economic power is heterogeneous across space. The geo-economic connections could be identified as global powers' agglomeration and geographical proximity, but it became homogeneous through time and the diameter of economic power has continuously expanded. China has not only maintained stable geo-economic connections with developed countries like the United States of America, Japan and some European countries, but also strengthened connections with developing countries in Africa and South America. (4) Capital, technology and labor endowments are the main internal driving forces behind the spatial-temporal evolution of China's geo-economic connections, among which capital endowment is the key driving force, technology endowment is the important impetus and labor endowment is the fundamental advantage.

随着冷战结束以及全球化深入发展,国家之间经济相互依存明显加强,地缘政治在内容和形式上从以安全为主的高政治向以经济为主的低政治转变,地缘经济成为研究焦点。本文运用空间探索性方法、碎化指数和显性比较优势指数等工具,揭示中国在全球经济空间中地缘经济联系的演化特征;借助灰色关联度分析方法探索中国地缘经济联系演化的内部机制。结论为：① 中国地缘经济联系经历了“孕育—萌芽—兴起—繁荣”四个阶段,与经济发展以及产业结构调整存在显著的相关性;② 中国的优势部门仍以劳动密集型产业为主,逐步形成资金和技术密集型产业的竞争优势,初级产品劣势日益显现;③ 中国经济权力空间的异质化特征明显,地缘经济联系呈现大国集聚效应和地理临近效应。随着时间推移,地缘经济联系空间趋于均质化,经济权力半径不断向外围拓展,不仅同美日欧等发达国家保持稳定的地缘经济联系,与非洲、拉丁美洲等发展中国家和地区的联系也不断加强;④ 资本禀赋、科技禀赋和人力禀赋是中国地缘经济联系时空演化的主要内在动力,资本禀赋是中国地缘经济发展的核心驱动力,科技禀赋是重要的推动力,人力禀赋是主要的基础优势。

With the impact of climate change,Arctic Region has aroused extensive concerns worldwide. Based on the GDP and trade value (US$) data in 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, this paper used economic interdependence index, trade status and social network analysis including network density, centrality and PageRank to analyze the geo-economics relationship of Arctic States and regions, considering influence of 13 observers of Arctic Council. Results show that trade flows among Arctic States and regions increased first and decreased afterwards during 2001-2016.The status and influence significantly varied from economy to economy with the unequal relationship in bilateral trade.Geo-economics relationship showed the core-periphery-edge pattern in past few years.Bilateral trade flow between USA and Canada is particularly significant, accounting for more than 70% of inter-Arctic trade flows.In terms of bilateral relations,USA has prominent dominance as Canada is highly dependent on USA economy.Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland have important geo-economics influence in the Arctic Region, while Iceland and Greenland have been at the edge positions all the time, however their important geographical locations play a significant role in Arctic affairs, which cannot be ignored. In the geo-economics relationship, performance of Russian Federation doesn't match with its status as a significant international political power, but it has huge potential in economic trade.German, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Netherlands and China are countries with significant influence on geo-economics relationship in Arctic Region.Influence of emerging economies represented by China have been enhanced in Arctic Region. In contrast, some traditional economic powers such as United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Canada and Spain were weakening in some degrees. The geo-economics pattern, however, has not been fundamentally changed yet.

在气候变化的背景下，北极地区的战略地位不断提升，北极事务正深刻地影响着世界格局的演变。以北极8国为基础，进一步考虑北极理事会13个观察员国的影响，基于2001、2006、2011和2016年的GDP和贸易额数据，采用社会网络分析方法，结合贸易依存度和进出口位次分析，全面地揭示北极地区地缘经济关系的演变特征。研究表明：2001—2016年北极地区地缘经济关系先走向紧密，而后有所减弱；不同国家的地缘经济地位和影响力存在显著差异，双边存在不对等的贸易关系，具有明显的“核心-外围-边缘”的特征。美加双边贸易流尤为显著，占到北极国家间贸易流的70%以上；在美加双边关系上，加拿大对美国经济高度依赖，美国拥有充分的主导权；瑞典、丹麦、挪威和芬兰在地区内具有重要的地缘经济影响力，而冰岛和格陵兰地区则长期处于贸易网络的边缘地带，但二者都具有极其重要的地理位置，应引起重视；在北极地区地缘经济关系中，俄罗斯的经济影响力并未与其国际政治地位相匹配，拥有巨大的经贸潜力。德国、英国、法国、日本、意大利、荷兰和中国都是对北极地区地缘经济有显著影响的国家。以中国为代表的新兴经济体的地缘影响力在不断扩大，而一些传统经济大国的地缘经济优势呈不同程度的减弱趋势。总体来说，近年来北极地区的地缘经济关系基本格局并未发生本质变化。

Based on the introduction of representative Western geopolitical and geoeconomic theories of the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century, this paper analyzes the characteristics of historical and contemporary geopolitics and geoeconomics in China's surrounding areas. It also discusses the basic patterns and trends of geopolitical and geoeconomic situations in the area. The main patterns and characteristics are as follows. China's geopolitical relationship is close and geoeconomic relationship develops at a relatively rapid pace with northern neighboring countries. Its geopolitical relationship continuously develops and prospect of geoeconomic cooperation is very promising with neighboring countries to the west. On the other hand, China's geopolitical relationship with countries to the southwest is very fragile but the geoeconomic relationship has great potential to develop. In the south, China's geopolitical and geoeconomic relationship with neighboring countries is overall healthy, but the issue of South China Sea can be a potential cause of instability. Last but not the least, the geopolitical situation in the area to the east has sensitive and complex hotspots, whereas the structure of geoeconomics maintains relatively stable. This paper puts forward strategies and countermeasures in order to improve the geopolitical and geoeconomic situations, which can be summarized as "Uniting in the North, Advancing in the West, Cooperating in the South, and Extending in the East". More specifically, "Uniting in the North" focuses on building a stable zone geopolitically based on mutual trust, economic and trade ties, science and technology, culture and other fields of cooperation with countries including Russia and Mongolia. "Advancing in the West" means expanding the economic and trade cooperation and cultural exchanges with five Central Asian countries, Russia and West Asia, Eastern Europe and the European Union countries through the development of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", which vigorously promotes the vast development of geoeconomics and creates a favorable geopolitical environment for Western China. "Cooperating in the South" aims at further strengthening traditional cooperative relations with South Asia and Southeast Asia countries by means of negotiation and dialogue, gradually resolving the Sino-Indian border dispute and territorial disputes in South China Sea. It also means promoting regional cooperation between China and ASEAN countries and countries located in the South Asia subcontinent, deepening the strategic friendship relations. All goals under "Cooperating in the South" cannot be accomplished without the development of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, the China-Burma-India-Bangladesh economic corridor and the twenty-first century maritime Silk Road. At last, "Extending in the East" places emphasis on breaking the first and second island chain encircled China set by USA and Japan and makes an ambitious plan that captures the mastery of the seas in 2020.

在对19 世纪末和20 世纪西方代表性地缘政治与地缘经济理论进行重点介绍的基础上，分析了中国周边地缘政治与地缘经济的历史和现状特点，阐述了中国周边地缘政治与地缘经济的基本格局与发展态势，即：北部地缘政治关系紧密，地缘经济发展较快；西部地缘政治关系持续发展，地缘经济合作前景广阔；西南部为地缘政治破碎带，地缘经济极具潜力；南部地缘政治与地缘经济关系总体良好，但南海问题是不稳定因素；东部地缘政治热点问题敏感复杂，地缘经济结构相对稳定。最后提出了改善提升中国周边地缘政治关系与发展地缘经济的“北联、西进、南合、东拓”地缘战略及对策建议。

Rise and fall in strength along with changes in the balance of power are most likely to happen among world powers in the next decade and beyond. Consequently, both world and regional patterns will change accordingly, and the importance of geopolitical researches will become increasingly significant. China's geopolitics has obtained satisfying achievements in the past several decades. However, China's geopolitics is still now in a developmental stage. A focused direction and unification of force are the top priority of China's geopolitics. Literature research methods and expert consulting methods have been adopted in this paper to conclude and summarize five key research directions of China's geopolitics. They are geo-setting analysis theory and method, geo-structure and future changes of global geo-setting, regional response to co-construction of "One Belt and One Road" and geo-setting faced by China, national geo-strategies of a peacefully rising China, and big data integration and service platform construction of a geo-setting. Also, the current research status and future research ideas of each key research direction are demonstrated. Finally, the internal relations among these five key research directions as well as the insufficiencies in development ideas of domestic and foreign geopolitics are discussed.

未来十年乃至更长时间,世界大国之间最有可能发生实力盛衰,权力转换,世界格局和区域格局发生相应变化,地缘政治研究的重要性将会日益凸显。中国地缘政治学在过去的几十年发展中取得了可喜的成绩,但是仍然处于发展阶段,凝练方向、汇聚合力才是当前中国地缘政治学当务之急。采用文献研究法和专家咨询法,归纳了未来十年中国地缘政治学重点研究的五个方向,即地缘环境解析理论与方法、地缘结构与未来全球地缘环境变化、共建“一带一路”的区域响应与中国面临的地缘环境、和平崛起的中国国家地缘战略和地缘环境大数据集成与服务平台建设,并对每一个重点研究方向阐明了其原因和各研究方向的当前研究现状、未来研究思路。最后对五个重点研究方向之间的内在联系以及国内外地缘政治学发展思路的不足进行了探讨。