A discipline has typically the following four key features, namely independent research objects, independent research questions, unique characteristics, and unique social services. This paper first discusses the nature of Geography from three aspects, to reveal the characteristics of modern Geography. First, the research object of Geography is changing from simple to complex evolution. In performing geographic research, we should well recognize the complexity of geographic systems. Second, the framework of geographic research questions is structured by the fusion among geographic features, space, and time. This paper explains the essential distinction between different geographic research questions, which promotes the development of the methods and technologies for answering these questions. Third, the philosophy of combining reductionism and holism is growing continuously. A new pattern of research has been formed based on new disciplines and technologies, which is the parallel development of the research on geographic features and that on systems. This paper then identifies the essential characteristics of geographic research, summarizes the key research questions in Geography, and discusses the multiple effects of driving mechanisms on the laws of Geography. An understanding of the fundamental characteristics and the modern value of Geography illustrated in this paper will be contribute to the societal development of Geography.

学科通常都具有独立的研究对象、独立的学科问题、独特的学科特征以及独特的社会服务功能。本文从3个方面论述了地理学的属性,进而认识现代地理学的时代特征。①地理学研究对象的演化经历了由简单向复杂的变化过程。在研究实践过程中,应充分认识地理系统的复杂属性。②地理的要素、空间与时间相互融合构成了独特的学科问题体系,阐述了不同地理问题的本质区别,进而促进解决不同地理问题的技术与方法体系建设。③“还原论”与“整体论”并举的地理学哲学思维方兴未艾。地理学强调的综合研究在当今时代受到了前所未有的重视。在新兴学科和新兴技术的支撑下,出现了地理要素和地理系统并行研究的新格局。本文从地理学研究的基本特征出发,总结了地理学研究的核心问题,探讨地理学驱动机制对地理规律的组合效应。理解地理学关键特征和时代价值,有助于探索地理学的社会发展契机。

Since 2010, big data has played a significant role in various fields of science, engineering and society. The paper introduces the concepts of geographic big-data, the fourth paradigm and nonlinear complex geographic system, and discusses interactive relationships of these concepts. It is proposed that geographic big-data and the fourth paradigm would become a new opportunity to research on geography complexity. Then the paper discusses how to use the methods of geographic big-data and complexity science to examine geography complexity. For example, based on big-data, a series of indicators of statistical physics fields could be constructed to describe the complex nonlinear characteristics of the real geographic world. Deep learning, complex network and multi-agent methods can be used to model and simulate the complex nonlinear geographic systems. These methods are important for a better understanding of the complexity of geographic phenomena and processes, as well as the analysis, simulation, inversion and prediction of complex geographic systems. Finally, the paper highlights that the combination of geographic big-data and complexity science would be the mainstream scientific method of geography in the 21st century.

大数据之风自2010年席卷全球,已在科学、工程和社会等领域产生深远影响。本文首先从地理大数据、第四范式以及非线性复杂地理系统3组基本概念出发,剖析上述3组概念之间的科学联系与相互支撑作用,提出大数据和第四范式为地理复杂性研究提供新机遇。其后,探讨如何利用大数据和复杂性科学的理论方法开展地理复杂性研究。基于地理大数据,可以通过统计物理学的系列指标描述现实地理世界的复杂非线性特征,同时,还可利用深度学习、复杂网络、多智能体等方法,实现复杂非线性地理系统的推演和模拟。上述方法对认知地理现象和过程的复杂性,对复杂地理系统的分析、模拟、反演与预测有重要作用。最后,提出地理大数据和复杂性科学相互支撑可能成为21世纪地理学的主流科学方法。

Geography is a subject to explore spatial distribution, time evolution and regional characteristics of geographical elements or geographical complexes. Geography is unique in bridging social sciences and natural sciences, and has characteristics of comprehensiveness, interdisciplinary research and regionalism. With the development of geographical science technology and research methods, geography is in the gorgeous historical process towards geographical science. Research themes of geography are focusing on the comprehensive research on the earth surface. The research paradigms of geography are shifting from geography knowledge description, coupling pattern and process, to the simulation and prediction of complex human and earth system. The development of Chinese geography needs to be rooted in the major needs of national strategy, and plays important roles in the studies of urbanization development, coupling ecological processes and services, water resources management and geopolitics. Under the country's major needs, China's geography tends to achieve the geography theory innovation, new method and technology application and developed disciplinary system with Chinese characteristics, and make more contribution to national and global sustainable development.

地理学是研究地理要素或者地理综合体空间分布规律、时间演变过程和区域特征的一门学科,是自然科学与人文科学的交叉,具有综合性、交叉性和区域性的特点。随着地理信息技术发展与研究方法变革,新时期的地理学正在向地理科学进行华丽转身,研究主题更加强调陆地表层系统的综合研究,研究范式经历着从地理学知识描述、格局与过程耦合,向复杂人地系统的模拟和预测转变。在服务国内重大需求和国际全球战略过程中,地理学正在扮演愈发重要的角色,在新型城镇化、生态环境保护、水土资源管理、地缘政治等领域拥有广阔发展前景。中国地理学正面临前所未有的机遇,需要紧紧围绕国家重大需求,创新发展综合性的理论、方法和技术,逐步形成具有鲜明中国特色、深远国际影响的地理科学体系,为中国和全球的可持续发展服务。

Zhang一disease（瘴）,which is an epidemic in the southern part of China in the historical pe-rinds,is a kind of pernicious malarias.This paper discusses preliminarily the links between this disease and geographical environment。the variations of its distribution and its influence on the so-ciety and economy in the region affected by Zhang一disease. The followings conclusions have been obtained: (1) Zhang一disease is an epidemic which occurs under hot and wet climatic conditions in summer and autumn. (2)In the past 2000 years,the disease was moved slowly to the South. The Northern bound-ary of the region affected by Zhang一disease was Qinlin Mountain and Huaihe River in the War-ring States Period and in the Western Han Dynasty(770BC一AD23),Daiba Mountain and Changjing River in the sui and Tang Dynasties (AD581一960),and Nanlin Mountain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (AD1368一1911).At the present time. Zhang一disease is an epidemic only in the Yunnan Province. One of the main causes the movement of Zhang一desease is the population migration from North to south.Another reason is the change of climate to colder and drier. (3)Zhang一disease influences the society in the region affected in three aspects:population growth,production mode and economic development. These influences resulted in the fact that the northern parts of ancient China were exploited prior to the southern parts.

中国古籍里所说的瘴病主要是指恶性疟疾一类的传染病,它主要发生在热湿的气候环境和夏秋季节。2000年来,由于人为的作用和气候的变迁,其主要分布范围具有逐渐南移的趋势:战国西汉时期以秦岭淮河为北界;隋唐五代时期以大巴山长江为北界;明清时期则以南岭为北界。历史时期瘴病的流行,是导致瘴病分布区域社会经济发展相对缓慢的重要因素之一。

Beautiful China construction (BCC) is of fundamental importance for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and a Chinese practice of the 2030 UN sustainable development agenda. The Chinese government has made strategic arrangements for the BCC with a five-pronged approach. President Xi Jinping proposed the schedule and roadmap for the BCC at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference. But at present, the theoretical basis, evaluation index system, evaluation criteria and construction effect of the BCC are not clear. This paper puts forward the basic connotation of the BCC from a broad and narrow perspective, regards the theory of man-earth harmony and Five-dimensional integration as the core theoretical basis of the BCC, and further constructs the evaluation index system of the BCC, which includes five dimensions: ecological environment, green development, social harmony, institutional improvement and cultural heritage, and uses the United Nations human development index (HDI) evaluation method to scientifically evaluate the construction effect of 341 prefecture-level cities (states) in China in 2016. The results show that the average value of the BCC Index (Zhongke Beauty Index) is 0.28, which is generally at a low level. The average of the sub-indexes of the ecological environment beauty index, the green development beauty index, the social harmony beauty index, the system perfect beauty index and the cultural heritage beauty index are respectively 0.6, 0.22, 0.29, 0.22, and 0.07. The sub-index values are all low, and the regional development is quite different, which indicates that the construction process of Beautiful China is generally slow and unbalanced. In order to implement the schedule and roadmap for the BCC with high quality and high standards, it is recommended that we construct and publish a general evaluation system for the BCC process, carry out dynamic monitoring and phased comprehensive evaluation of the BCC process, compile and publish the evaluation standards for BCC technology, do a good job in the comprehensive zoning of Beautiful China, carry out pilot projects for the construction of Beautiful China's model areas according to local conditions, and incorporate the achievements of Beautiful China into the assessment indicators of all levels of government.

美丽中国建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计,也是落实到2030年联合国可持续发展议程的中国实践。党和国家针对“五位一体”的总体布局对建设美丽中国做出了战略部署,国家主席习近平在全国生态环境保护大会上进一步提出了美丽中国建设的“时间表”和“路线图”。但目前对美丽中国建设的理论基础、评估指标体系、评估标准及建设成效等问题并不清晰。本文从广义和狭义视角提出了美丽中国建设的基本内涵,将人地和谐共生论、五维一体美丽论作为美丽中国建设的核心理论基础,进一步构建了包括生态环境、绿色发展、社会和谐、体制完善、文化传承等5个维度的美丽中国建设评估指标体系,运用联合国人类发展指数（HDI）测评方法,对2016年中国341个地级市（州）的美丽中国建设成效进行了科学评估。结果显示,美丽中国建设的综合美丽指数（中科美丽指数）平均值为0.28,总体处于偏低水平,生态环境美丽指数、绿色发展美丽指数、社会和谐美丽指数、体制完善美丽指数和文化传承美丽指数分别为0.6、0.22、0.29、0.22和0.07,分项指数值均较低,且地域发展差异较大,说明美丽中国建设进程总体缓慢且不平衡。为了高质量、高标准地贯彻落实美丽中国建设的“时间表”和“路线图”,建议构建并发布通用的美丽中国建设进程评估体系,对美丽中国建设进程开展动态监测与阶段性综合评估,编制并发布美丽中国建设评估技术标准,做好美丽中国建设综合区划,分区域因地制宜地开展美丽中国样板区建设试点,并把美丽中国建设成效纳入各级政府考核指标。

Man-land relationship research, as the core of geographical research, runs through each development stage of Geography. Based on extensive literature review, this paper systematically generalizes the connotations, research development and contents of man-land relationship in China. (1) It explores the connotations and evolvement rules of man-land relationship in different social development stages in China, and finds that the core role of man-land relationship in geographical research has been strengthened continuously. Changing with times, its connotations have been considerably enriched by sustainable development and other notions, and so does its theoretical system. (2) It applies the bibliometric method to sketch out the basic research status of man-land relationship in China. Specifically, it quantitatively identifies the funding sources, major research teams and journals for publication. It finds that the funding sources show a diversification trend with national funding being the primary source of research grants. The most competitive research teams are mainly concentrated in the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and normal universities. Journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China are most influential in publishing man-land relationship research. (3) As resources and environment are the fundamental carriers of man-land relationship, this study focuses further on the research on resource-environmental base of man-land relationship, and finds that the resource-environmental base research in China has gone through an evolution process from single factor perspective research to comprehensive multiple perspective research gradually. Research themes have also experienced similar changes from land, water, energy minerals or other single factor research to comprehensive factor research of resources and environment. Empirical studies on national and regional development strategies are the feature of man-land relationship in China. More emphasis should be put on considering and following the changes in features of "man" and "land" and research on the impacts of new factors on man-land relationship in a developing and dynamic manner in the future. Particularly, we should pay more attention to research on the impacts of spatio-temporal changes in resource-environment absolute location on modes of man-land interaction, and to strengthening interdisciplinary research and systematic research on comprehensive integrated techniques so as to advance the development of application of man-land relationship theories and practices.

人地关系研究始终贯彻在地理学发展的各个阶段,是地理学研究的核心。本文在大量的文献梳理基础上,对中国人地关系的内涵特征、研究概况和主要研究内容进行了系统综述。① 阐述了中国人地关系在不同社会发展阶段的内涵及演进规律,发现人地关系作为地理学研究核心的地位不断强化,其内涵随时代不断演变,尤其是可持续发展等理念的提出极大地丰富了人地关系的内涵及理论体系。② 运用文献计量方法概述中国人地关系的基本研究状况,对1980年以来人地关系研究的经费来源、主要研究团队和主要传播期刊等进行了定量识别,研究经费以国家级基金支持为主,并呈现多元化趋势;研究的优势团队主要集中在中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所及师范类院校;中国地理学会主办的期刊对人地关系研究传播具有重要影响力。③ 资源环境是人地关系的基本载体,本文进一步聚焦到人地关系的资源环境基础研究,发现中国资源环境基础研究经历了从单要素视角逐步向多要素综合视角演变的历程,研究主题从土地资源、水资源、能源矿产资源等单一要素逐步向资源环境综合要素转变。服务于国家和区域发展战略的实证研究是中国人地关系研究的特色,未来要更加注重以发展、动态的思路关注“人”、“地”特征的变化以及新因素对人地关系的影响研究,尤其要注重资源环境绝对区位的时空变化对人地相互作用的模式影响研究,加强学科交叉以及综合集成技术的系统性研究,以推进人地关系理论与实践应用的发展。

From the perspective of achieving sustainable development in the world and building a community with a shared future for humankind in the "Anthropocene", and considering the complexity of the Earth's surface system, various disasters facing humanity, and future challenges of resource shortages and environmental risks, we proposed the development of "geographical synergy"—the mechanism, process and dynamics of the Earth's surface system and regional sustainability—in order to realize the transformation of geographical research from the explanation of human-environment relationship to the design of human-environment synergy. We discussed the scientific and technological questions of modern geography from the perspectives of integrating natural and social units, natural resources and natural disasters, achievements and faults of humans, and coupling of dynamic and non-dynamic processes and systems. We proposed the metrics of "consilience degree" as a measure of the complexity of integrated disaster reduction system based on the understanding of disaster system and the mechanism, process and dynamics of hazard and disaster formation. Using the principles of synergetic tolerance, synergetic constraint, synergetic amplification and synergetic diversification, we proposed to build an integrated disaster risk governance consilience model under the leadership of governments and with enterprises as the main body and the full participation of communities, with multiple optimization objectives of social consent maximization, cost minimization, welfare maximization, and risk minimization. Finally, we elaborated on the synergy of human and nature through "changing nature appropriately", with a case study on the Dujiangyan irrigation system, which enabled the win-win pattern of disaster reduction and benefit making.

本文从地球进入“人类世”（Anthropocene）之后,实现世界可持续发展、建设人类命运共同体的角度出发,就地表系统的复杂性、人类面临的各种灾难以及将要面临的各种资源短缺和环境风险等问题,提出发展“地理协同论”,即：地球表层系统与区域可持续性机理、过程与动力学,以实现地理学研究从理解“人—地关系”到设计“人—地协同”的转变。着眼于“人类世”时代地球表层系统由多尺度、多过程等组成的复杂性,回顾了区域论、综合论、系统论等经典地理学理论,从自然单元与社会单元的结合、自然资源利用与自然灾害防御、人类功与过的评价、自然地图与行政地图间的关系、动力学与非动力学的耦合等主题入手,深入讨论了现代地理科学与技术问题。通过理解灾害系统及其致灾成害机理、过程和动力学,构建凝聚度指标,量化综合减灾系统的复杂性。利用协同宽容、约束、放大和分散原理,以灾害风险防范共识最高、成本最低、福利最大、风险最小化为目标,构建以政府为主导、企业为主体和社区全面参与的综合灾害风险防范凝聚力模式。在分析都江堰工程如何实现除害与兴利并举的基础上,综合阐释了“人类世”时代“适度改造自然”,以实现人与自然的协同。

This paper focuses on the viewpoint proposed by predecessors of geography and they believed that geography is interdiscipline subject between natural science and social science. From the perspective of national demand and development trend of international geography, this paper explains the objects and nature of geographical science and characters of region as well as comprehensive characteristics and knowledge structure. Besides, it elaborates the differences among geography, natural science and social science and advocates that geographers should concentrate on the China's environmental changes and the issues of sustainable development and further fulfil the advantages of interdiscipline and comprehensive subject. Finally, this paper proposes that China's geographical science is faced with the significant opportunities and some deep-seated crises.

本文强调了前辈地理学家提出的关于地理学是介于自然科学和社会科学之间的交叉学科的观点。从中国国家需求及当代国际地理学的发展趋势,从理论与实践的结合上论述了地理科学的学科对象、学科性质及区域性、综合性、知识结构等方面的特点,特别突出地阐述了地理科学与纯自然科学或纯社会科学的诸多不同点。提倡地理学家要十分关注中国的环境变化及带来的严重的可持续发展问题,并发挥综合和交叉研究的优势。此外还指出中国地理学面临着重要的发展机遇,也出现了深刻的危机。

The research on adolescents' health is one of the main topics in the field of health geography. The health problems in one's teen age tend to have some potential influence in his adulthood, especially the health behaviors. Compared to adult, drug abuse of a teenager is more harmful to one's brain and more likely to lead to addiction. The study of factors that affect drug abuse among middle school students, will contribute to interventions introducing and health risks reducing. Previous researches focused on the factors that lead to drug abuse, including individual, neighborhood and regional factors. But less literature focused on the surrounding built environment of schools or studied the mechanism leading to the differences in the health behavior of different regions. This paper tries to fill in the gaps by a case study of 124 middle schools in Guangdong province, China. Using the factorial ecological analysis and cluster analysis to explore the social spatial structure of the districts in which sample schools located, as well as the multiple stepwise regression models, this paper explores the situation and factors that affect middle school students' drug abuse in different social areas. The results reveal that there are differences in the incidence of drug abuse among middle school students in different social areas. The incidence of young floating population gathering areas is the highest, followed by the aging areas. And the local business practitioners gathering areas have the lowest incidence. In the young floating population gathering areas, built and social environments such as the high proportion of students who would go to internet bars, game centers, and billiard parlors in their free time, as well as the high density of internet bars and game centers within 1000 m around the school, will cause a high incidence of drug abuse among school students. In the aging areas, characterizing good social supervision, the built environment such as the high density of intersections helps to reduce the risk of drug abuse among students. In the local business practitioners gathering areas, family factors such as harmonious family relationship help to reduce drug abuse among students. Meanwhile, if middle school students have more pocket money, they have more chances to buy drugs, and are more likely to suffer from the drug abuse.

青少年的健康状况尤其是健康行为,往往会延续至成年时期,同时,相比于成年人,青少年的药物滥用对其大脑的危害更大,更易导致成瘾。中学生是青少年的主要群体,研究其药物滥用行为的影响因素及机制,有助于实施干预措施,减少其健康风险。以往文献对中学生药物滥用行为的研究较为全面,但对学校周边的建成环境以及地域差异引起个体健康行为差异背后的原因关注不足。以随机抽取的广东省124所初级中学为研究对象,并基于2010年各区县的人口普查数据,通过因子生态分析方法划分抽样学校所在区县的社会区类型,分析位于不同社会区的中学生药物滥用情况,而后运用多元逐步回归模型,探究中学生药物滥用行为影响因素的地域差异。结果表明,不同社会区的中学生药物滥用行为发生率存在差异,年轻化的外来人口集聚地区中学生药物滥用发生率最高,其次为人口老龄化地区,社会环境相对稳定的本地商业从业人员集聚地区最低。在年轻化的外来人口聚集地区中,课外到网吧、游戏厅、台球室活动学生的高比例与学校1000 m范围内的网吧、游艺室的高密度等外部环境容易导致学校中学生药物滥用的高发;在人口老龄化地区中,道路交叉口的高密度等建成环境表征了良好的社会监督,有助于降低学生滥用药物的风险;在本地商业从业人员聚集地区中,融洽的家庭关系有利于制约中学生滥用药物,同时零花钱越高,中学生购买药物的机会越大,因而越容易发生药物滥用行为。

Chronic diseases are the main cause for death in the world. Among all risk factors concerning chronic diseases, those related to an unhealthy diet are most important. Although much research was done on dietary behavior, there are only few quantitative studies on the relationship between dietary taste and chronic diseases. In this article, a taste dataset of the major categories of Chinese cuisine is established based on crowdsourced data from Chinese recipe websites. For a quantitative analysis of people's taste in different regions, additionally the locations of restaurants by category (using their respective points of interest) are integrated. Using the software Geodetector, these regional taste preferences are then correlated with the three chronic diseases, hemorrhagic stroke, pancreatic cancer, and upper respiratory tract infection. For all the three diseases, the results indicate very salty, moderate sweet and very spicy food as the primary risk factors. Also, the degree of sweetness is not linear with the risk of pancreatic cancer. These results are statistically significant. In this study, a quantitative method on discovering potential health risk factors based on mining of crowdsourced data is proposed for the first time. This method can be applied before disease-related experiments to filter potential factors, and it is helpful for the public health department to make quick corresponding intervention policies.

慢性病是全球最主要的死亡原因,在所有慢性病风险因素中,不健康饮食因素居于首位,也是影响最广泛的风险因素。尽管已有许多关于饮食行为的研究,但在饮食口味与慢性病关联方面尚缺乏定量研究。鉴于此,利用众源网络菜谱数据,提取菜系中多维口味信息,结合不同地区分类的餐饮类兴趣地点（POI）数据,定量分析不同地区人群口味偏好;使用地理探测器方法,从空间分异性角度建立7种口味与出血性卒中、胰腺癌、上呼吸道感染3种慢性病的关联,得到饮食口味对慢性病空间分布的解释能力度量值。结果表明：在7种口味中,过咸是出血性卒中的首要口味风险因子;一定程度的甜是胰腺癌的首要口味风险因子,且甜的程度与胰腺癌风险并非呈简单线性关系;过辛是上呼吸道感染的首要口味风险因子,三者在统计上均表现显著。本文首次提出了基于众源数据挖掘的潜在健康风险因素定量研究方法,可以应用于病因的探索性分析,并有助于公共卫生部门制定相应的干预措施。

This study aims to find whether proximity to urban green spaces is associated with human mental health.A cross-sectional examination of the relationship between access to urban green spaces and counts of anxiety/mood disorder treatments amongst residents (aged 15 years and over) in Auckland City, New Zealand.Anxiety/mood disorder treatment counts by three age groups were aggregated to 3149 small area units in Auckland. Six measures of green space access were derived using GIS techniques involving total green spaces and useable green spaces. Negative binomial regression models have been fitted to test the relationship between access to green space and area-level anxiety/mood disorder treatment counts, adjusted for age and area-level deprivation.Anxiety/mood disorder treatment counts were associated with three green space measures. The proportion of both total and useable green space within 3 km and distance to nearest useable green space all indicated a protective effect of increased access to green space against anxiety/mood disorder treatment counts. Access to total and useable green space within 300 m did not exhibit significant associations.This study found that decreased distance to useable green space and increased proportion of green space within the larger neighbourhood were associated with decreased anxiety/mood disorder treatment counts in an urban environment. This suggests the benefits of green space on mental health may relate both to active participation in useable green spaces near to the home and observable green space in the neighbourhood environment.© 2013 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Noise annoyance is considered to be the most widespread and recognized health effect of environmental noise. Previous research is mostly based on the static study of residential environmental noise, but few studies have focused on the effects of noise exposure in different activity contexts on real-time annoyance. The two deficiency are that they neglect the influence of activity context besides residence and fail to reflect the difference of time-scale effect of noise influence.Using portable noise and air sensors, GPS-equipped mobile phones, questionnaire survey, and geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA), this paper measured the environmental noise and real-time noise annoyance of participants at different activity places. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of environmental noise on people's real-time annoyance. The paper further considered the influence of the geographic context of the activity places and daily acoustic environment on participants' real-time annoyance. Further, a nonlinear regression model was constructed using Random Forest to further examine the nonlinear relationship between environmental noise and real-time annoyance.The results showed that: (1) the average cumulative equivalent sound level during was 55 dB (A) when the participants responded to the EMA surveys; (2) Only the temperature of activity places had an influence on momentary annoyance and the higher the temperature, the more likely participants were annoyed; (3) Participants with higher perception of noise pollution in residential communities were more likely to be annoyed. However, participants with higher daily exposure to noise were less likely to feel annoyed; (4) The threshold value of the effect of noise on real-time annoyance was 58 dB (A) to 78 dB (A).These findings can guide the development of urban planning and environmental noise standards and also provide a reference for noise barrier requirements for different activity places.

Under the background of China's comprehensive entry into an aging society, the problem of aging has gradually become the new normal and the focus of attention of scholars. This study combineed knowledge map analysis with traditional literature research method. Based on the CiteSpace V software and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, we analyzed the hot spots in the study of geriatric geography in the past 15 years. The main perspectives of the geography of gerontology in China were summarized by keywords. The results as follows: (1) Spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanism of population aging and spatial organization and satisfaction of elderly care facilities become the hot fields in the study of geriatric geography in recent years. But future study should focus on broader geographic scope and smaller scale, as well as in-depth examination of driving mechanisms. The spatial allocation of elderly care facilities lacks consideration of the special needs of the elderly. A multi-dimensional integration of elderly resident social life, emotional belongingness, and social resources into the local community is the key direction of community construction and elderly care in the future. A theoretical framework and policies on home-based elderly care with Chinese characteristics are yet to be developed to guide practice. (2) Health and environment of the elderly has become a new research area. Examining the relationship between the health and environment of the elderly at the macro level and the emotional experience and local dependence of the elderly at the micro level, exploring the spatial relationship between health and environment, and identifying and quantifying human factors of this relationship have become the main direction of research. (3) Quantitative and qualitative studies on spatial behavior of the elderly need to be complementary and integrated. Exploring the integration of behaviorist geography that emphasizes individual cognition and behavior preference and time-geography that emphasizes the integrity and restriction of time and space will become the future development direction. The purpose of this study is to provide some insights for the development of Chinese geriatric geography.

在中国全面进入老龄化社会的大背景下,老龄问题逐渐成为新常态和学者关注的焦点。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,借助Citespace软件分析了2003-2017年国内老年地理学研究的热点领域,通过关键词共现归纳出中国老年地理学研究的特点为：①人口老龄化时空格局及驱动机制和养老设施空间配置成为近年来老年地理学研究的热点领域,但大区域小尺度、更深层次驱动机制有待进一步研究;如何将老年居民的社会交往、情感归属、社会资源与社区多维度结合,是未来社区建设与养老重点关注的方向;居家养老理论探索与实践总结尚未形成理论突破并推动政策实践,亟待学者对其进行本土化的理论构建。②老年人健康与环境研究成为新兴研究领域和主导方向,如何由宏观层面关注老年人健康与环境关系到微观层面关注老年个体情感体验、地方依赖,空间化健康与环境关系,选择和量化人文因素将是今后研究的重点难点。③对老年人空间行为研究有待实现定量和质性研究的互补融合,探索强调个体认知、行为偏好的行为主义地理学与强调时空整体性与制约的时间地理学的有机结合成为未来发展方向。

Beijing is facing rapid population aging. Residential care plays an increasingly important role in the care for the elderly people. It is of great importance to optimize the layout of residential care facilities to ensure equal and reasonable access, which has scientific and practical implications. This study first forecasted the spatial distribution of the elderly population under natural growth in 2020 in Beijing. Second, a spatial optimization model was established to maximize equity in access to residential care facilities. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used to solve the optimization model. As the results show, the elderly population aged 60 or older will reach 4.37 million in 2020 in Beijing, among which 7.9%, 50.2%, 30.1%, and 11.8% of the total elderly population will be located in the Capital Core Functional Area, Urban Functional Extension Area, Urban New Developing Area, and Ecological Protection Area, respectively. By contrast, 2.7%, 32.7%, 48.5%, and 16.1% of the total residential care facility (RCF) beds will be located in the Capital Core Functional Area, Urban Functional Extension Area, Urban New Developing Area, and Ecological Protection Area, respectively when optimized. The optimized RCF layouts improve spatially equal access to residential care resources with very low accessibility standard variation (0.0026), while the accessibility standard variation of actual layouts is 8 times (0.0207) that of the optimized results. In the layouts with maximum equity in access, only a portion of the demands for residential care in the Capital Core Functional Area and Urban Functional Extension Area will be met locally. The residential care resources in the Urban New Developing Area will meet both the local demands and the demands from the two functional areas in the central city. The Ecological Protection Area, however, mainly provides residential care services for the local elderly population. The optimized results of this study correspond to the “Special Plan for the Development of Residential Care Facilities in Beijing,” which also conforms to the reality that the land resources are in shortage in the central city and the physical environment in the suburb is more pleasant for the elderly people. The results of this study will support knowledge-based policy-making and planning of residential care facilities. The methods introduced in this study can also be applied to the spatial optimization of other types of public service facilities.

北京市正快速步入老龄化社会,机构养老作为一种重要的养老模式,对其布局公平性和合理性的研究具有重要的科学和现实意义。本文首先预测了自然增长状态下2020年北京市老龄人口的空间分布,然后建立设施布局优化模型,该模型以各需求点到养老设施的可达性差异最小化为目标;并采用粒子群优化算法求解,对北京市养老设施进行以公平最大化为目标的布局优化。研究结果表明,在公平最大化的目标下,首都功能核心区和城市功能拓展区(即中心城区)所提供的机构养老资源不能完全满足本地需求。城市发展新区在满足当地的机构养老需求之外,还将为中心城区提供大量机构养老服务,生态涵养发展区在满足本地需求的基础上还可为其他地区提供少量机构养老服务。该布局导向与《北京市养老设施专项规划》提出的布局建议相一致,且符合中心城区用地紧张、郊区自然环境较舒适的现实情况。研究结果能为养老政策的制定提供科学建议,所采用的方法也能为其他类型公共服务设施的布局优化提供借鉴。

The spatial distribution of plague foci and plague affected areas in China are studied by GIS spatial analysis methods. The results show that there are two uncontinuous plague foci belts in South and North China. The total plague foci cover an area of about 126 km<SUP>2</SUP>, but the plague-affected areas are doubled. Due to the impact of natural environment and human socio-economic activities, the ratio of the plague foci covered area to the plague affected areas is significantly higher in South China than in North China. Then using the historical data of plague and 10-year-interval data, the 150 years spread history of the plague epidemics in China is rebuilt.

利用GIS空间统计工具分析了中国鼠疫疫源地的分布状况,结果表明我国鼠疫疫源地明显呈现南、北两个不连续的带状分布,北方鼠疫疫源地类型多,面积大;南方鼠疫疫源地类型少,面积小,并计算出我国鼠疫疫源地的面积为126万km2。在此基础上,利用我国人间鼠疫流行资料,分析了鼠疫空间分布规律。两者的对比表明,鼠疫病区面积在鼠疫疫源地基础上扩大一倍。由于受自然条件、人类社会经济因素和鼠疫流行规律影响,南方鼠疫病区在鼠疫疫源地的基础上扩展范围比北方明显。最后作者利用历史病情资料从1840～1990按十年段,重建了150年来中国鼠疫流行扩散简史。

We applied cartographic and geostatistical methods in analyzing the patterns of disease spread during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Hong Kong using geographic information system (GIS) technology. We analyzed an integrated database that contained clinical and personal details on all 1,755 patients confirmed to have SARS from 15 February to 22 June 2003. Elementary mapping of disease occurrences in space and time simultaneously revealed the geographic extent of spread throughout the territory. Statistical surfaces created by the kernel method confirmed that SARS cases were highly clustered and identified distinct disease "hot spots." Contextual analysis of mean and standard deviation of different density classes indicated that the period from day 1 (18 February) through day 16 (6 March) was the prodrome of the epidemic, whereas days 86 (15 May) to 106 (4 June) marked the declining phase of the outbreak. Origin-and-destination plots showed the directional bias and radius of spread of superspreading events. Integration of GIS technology into routine field epidemiologic surveillance can offer a real-time quantitative method for identifying and tracking the geospatial spread of infectious diseases, as our experience with SARS has demonstrated.

Physical geography (PG) has always been the core discipline of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGSNRR, CAS) since its establishment in 1940. It aims to serve the grand needs of national development. PG has made significant scientific and technological achievements and progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geography, climatology, geomorphology, hydrology, soil geography, biogeography, chemical geography, etc. These achievements have set up the worldwide priority status of PG, and made great contributions to the scientific and technological innovation, regional sustainable economic and social development. This paper reviews the innovative development of PG in the IGSNRR, summarizes the academic achievements and landmark progress, and looks forward to the future development strategy. Four key points are presented including the interaction mechanism of land surface elements-process, the dynamics of land surface pattern, the comprehensive integration and simulation of process of land surface system, and the sustainable paradigm and regulation mechanism of orderly human activities of land surface system.

自然地理学自中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建立以来一直是立所的核心学科,长期以服务国家重大需求为使命,在综合自然地理、气候、地貌、水文、土壤地理、生物地理、化学地理等各学科领域取得一批重要科技成果和进展,奠定了自然地理各分支学科在国内外的优势,为国家科技创新、区域经济社会可持续发展做出了重要贡献。本文回顾了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所自然地理学的创新发展历程,总结了自然地理学取得的学术成就与标志性进展,并展望了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所自然地理学未来发展,提出以陆地表层要素—过程交互作用机制,陆地表层格局动态研究,陆地表层系统过程的综合集成与模拟,陆地表层系统有序人类活动的可持续范式和调控机制为核心的发展战略。

Rural poverty has long aroused attention from countries around the world, and eliminating poverty and achieving realize common prosperity is an important mission to build the well-off society in an all-round way. Scientifically revealing the regional differentiation mechanism of rural poverty has become an important issue of implementation of national poverty alleviation strategy. This paper, taking Fuping County of Hebei Province as a typical case, diagnoses the dominant factors of differentiation of rural poverty and reveals the dynamic mechanism of rural poverty differentiation by using the Geodetector model and multiple linear regressions, and puts forward the poverty alleviation policies and models for different poverty regions. The result shows that the dominant factors affecting rural poverty differentiation include slope, elevation, per capita arable land resources, distance to the main roads and distance to the center of county, and their power determinant value to poverty incidence differentiation are 0.14, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.17. These factors affect the occurrence of poverty from different aspects and their dynamic mechanism is also different. Among various factors, the slope and per capita arable land resources affect the structure and mode of agricultural production, while distance to the main roads and distance to the center of county have influence on the relationship between the interior and exterior of the region. There are significant differences in the four types identified of regional rural poverty, namely, environment constrained region mainly affected by slope (seven towns), resource oriented region mainly affected by per capita arable land (seven towns), area dominated by traffic location affected by distance to the main roads (three towns), and economic development leading area mainly affected by distance to the center of county (four towns). Then, Fuping County is divided into single core, dual core and multi-core area according to the number of core elements of the township. The county has shown a multi differentiation of rural poverty with a horizontal center of dual core area, and both sides have a single core and multi-core, which are affected by different dominant factors. Finally, this paper suggests that policy of targeted poverty alleviation should take science and technology as the foundation and form innovation of targeted poverty alleviation according to the core dominant factors of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty. The county's poverty alleviation and development under different driving mechanisms need orderly promotion of poverty alleviation and integration of urban and rural development strategy with adjusting measures to local conditions, respecting for science, and stressing practical results.

农村贫困化是长期以来备受世界各国关注的焦点问题,消除贫困,实现共同富裕是中国全面建设小康社会的重大任务,科学揭示农村贫困化地域分异机制,成为实施国家精准扶贫战略的重要课题。论文以河北省阜平县为典型案例,运用地理探测器、多元线性回归等模型方法,诊断出县域农村贫困化分异的主导因素,揭示了农村贫困化分异的动力机制,提出了不同贫困化地域类型的扶贫政策与模式。结果表明：① 影响农村贫困化分异的主导因素包括地面坡度、人均耕地资源、到主要干道距离、到县城中心距离等,各因素对贫困发生率分异的决定力分别为0.14、0.15、0.15、0.17;② 不同类型区域农村贫困化的分异机制存在明显差异,可归纳为自然环境约束型、资源丰度约束型、交通区位约束型、经济区位约束型等四大类型;③ 根据阜平县各乡镇核心主导因素,进一步划分出单因素、双因素和多因素影响区域,县域整体呈现出以横向中心为双因素影响区,两侧为单因素与多因素并存的多极核心主导因素影响的农村贫困发生分异区;④ 不同驱动机制下的县域扶贫开发亟需因地制宜、尊重科学、讲求实效,有序推进精准扶贫与城乡发展一体化战略。

In the context of the national efforts to promote the equalization of medical and health services, to get a correct understanding of the status quo of equalization of medical and health resources and a scientific evaluation of the country to promote the equalization of medical and health services, this article discusses spatial equilibrium of medical and health resources and its time evolution, using the data of 338 cities in China as the research sample, using the medical resources supply level as a measure index of the health service. Based on the methods of kernel density estimation, Gini coefficient and its decomposition and LISA time path analysis, the spatial equilibrium analysis framework of state-region-city domain is constructed, and the spatial equilibrium state of medical and health resources and its temporal evolution are quantitatively described. The results show that: the spatial distribution of medical and health resources is moving towards equilibrium, and the crossed level of medical and health resources is higher between three regions. The high concentration area is mainly maintained in western Xinjiang, Tibet and Sichuan Region, the low and low agglomeration areas are scattered in the provinces such as Henan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In particular, there is a concentrated distribution area in the transitional zone between the eastern coast and the central region, the level of medical and health resources supply exists “Beijing-Shantou low belt”, which is an underdeveloped area between two developed areas in Chinese eastern costal and Beijing-Guangzhou railway, and located in “Beijing-Kowloon line”(Beijing to Jiujiang) and the south extension of the “Jiu Shan line” (Jiujiang to Shantou) along the railway. Compared to economic developmentof “Beijing-Shantou low belt”, the medical and health resourcesin “Beijing-Shantou low belt” have a small span between the north and south, and a small east-west span. At the same time, the spatial and temporal path analysis of medical and health resources supply level indicates that the spatial pattern shows a strong stability. The relative length of the time route in the central and eastern regions is relatively small, and the supply level of medical and health resources is relatively slow. In particular, the “Beijing-Shantou Troughs” are basically in the areas with the lowest relative length. Time course curvature is generally small, indicating that the development of medical and health resources supply level has a relatively stable spatial dependence and spatial change direction, that is, strong spatial locking effect. The degree of equalization of medical and health resources has been significantly improved on the national scale, while the supply level of medical and health resources in the region begins to appear. This requires the government to change the support of medical and health services to achieve the full coverage from the basic public health support to the health care services behind the focus of support; at the same time, perfecting the transfer payment system, improving the ability of backward areas to provide medical and health services, and achieve health care resources reasonable allocation in the regions, which is also the connotation of “everyone enjoys basic medical and health services”.

为正确认识医疗卫生资源空间分布的现状,以医疗卫生资源空间均衡状态及其时间演变趋势为研究内容,采用中国338个地级市为研究样本,运用核密度估计、基尼系数及其分解和LISA时间路径分析等方法,构建国家-区域-市域3个层次的空间均衡分析框架,定量刻画医疗卫生资源空间均衡状态及其时间演变特征。研究结果表明,医疗卫生资源的空间分布正在走向均衡;医疗卫生资源供给水平在三大区域之间的交错程度较高且呈现逐渐增高的趋势;在东部沿海到中部地区的过渡地带存在集中分布的低低集聚区,即医疗卫生资源供给水平同样存在“京汕低谷带”。

<p id="C3">Health is not only the basic human right, but also the foundation of personal happiness and national prosperity. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, Chinese residents' health has continued to improve. Health resources are the material basis for maintaining residents' health, and residents' health level is closely related to health resources level. At present, there are significant regional differences in health resources and residents' health in China. Promoting equalization level of health resources and reducing regional differences in residents' health are an important goal of "Healthy China" construction and also a vital task of health geography research. Therefore, it is of great academic value and practical significance to study the relationship between health resources and residents' health in China. Based on the coefficient of variation, geographic mapping and GWR, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of health resources and residents' health in Southern China from 2000 to 2015, and the temporal-spatial relationship between health resources and residents' health. The results showed that:</p> <p id="C3-1">（1） In the past 15 years, the health resources level of most of municipalities in Southern China (96.02%) has been continuously improving. Meanwhile, the spatial difference of health resources level gradually decreases, and the equalization level continues to increase, which is reflected as the continuous expansion of high-value region, the shrinking of low-value region and the decline of the coefficient of variation of municipalities by 23.29%. Furthermore, the western Sichuan Plateau, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are the high value-region of health resources. </p> <p id="C3-2">（2） In the past 15 years, the residents' health level of all municipalities in southern China has been continuously improving. The spatial difference of residents' health level from east to west is obvious, but the high-value region expands continuously, the low-value region shrinks continuously, the spatial difference decreases greatly and the coefficient of variation of municipalities decreased by 64.62%.</p> <p id="C3-3">（3） In Southern China, residents' health level is moderately positively correlated with the health resources level (r=0.49), but in different cities, the contributions of health resources level to residents' health level are different, which shows significant spatial heterogeneity effects.</p>

卫生资源是维护居民健康的物质基础,居民健康水平与卫生资源水平密切相关。采用空间变异系数、GIS空间分析、地理加权回归等分析方法,对2000—2015年中国南方地区的卫生资源与居民健康的时空关系进行研究,结果表明：① 过去15年间,中国南方地区绝大多数地市（96.02%）的卫生资源水平都是持续提高的;卫生资源水平的空间差异逐渐减小,均等化程度不断提升,表现为最高区不断扩大,最低区不断缩小,空间变异系数下降23.29%;川西高原、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲为卫生资源水平最高区。② 过去15年间,中国南方地区所有地市的居民健康水平都是持续提高的;居民健康水平呈现出自东向西梯度降低的空间分异,最高区不断扩张,最低区不断收缩,空间差异大幅减小,空间变异系数下降了64.62%。③ 中国南方地区的居民健康水平与卫生资源水平呈中度显著正相关（r=0.49）,但在不同的地市,卫生资源水平对居民健康水平的贡献是不一样的,呈现出显著的空间异质性影响。

Climate influences dengue ecology by affecting vector dynamics, agent development, and mosquito/human interactions. Although these relationships are known, the impact climate change will have on transmission is unclear. Climate-driven statistical and process-based models are being used to refine our knowledge of these relationships and predict the effects of projected climate change on dengue fever occurrence, but results have been inconsistent.We sought to identify major climatic influences on dengue virus ecology and to evaluate the ability of climate-based dengue models to describe associations between climate and dengue, simulate outbreaks, and project the impacts of climate change.We reviewed the evidence for direct and indirect relationships between climate and dengue generated from laboratory studies, field studies, and statistical analyses of associations between vectors, dengue fever incidence, and climate conditions. We assessed the potential contribution of climate-driven, process-based dengue models and provide suggestions to improve their performance.Relationships between climate variables and factors that influence dengue transmission are complex. A climate variable may increase dengue transmission potential through one aspect of the system while simultaneously decreasing transmission potential through another. This complexity may at least partly explain inconsistencies in statistical associations between dengue and climate. Process-based models can account for the complex dynamics but often omit important aspects of dengue ecology, notably virus development and host-species interactions.Synthesizing and applying current knowledge of climatic effects on all aspects of dengue virus ecology will help direct future research and enable better projections of climate change effects on dengue incidence.

In the 1960s, the Institute of Geography called for chemical process research in physical geography and set up the first department on chemical geography in China. The department has participated in all earlier national programmes on environment, which has promoted the development of environmental sciences and technologies in China. The department also has led other institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences to conduct the studies on the geographic pathogeny and controlling of Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease and other endemics, which has enhanced the initiation and development of medical geography in China. In 2000, the institute redistributed the department from chemical geography to environmental geography, as well as from medical geography to health geography. The expanding research works include the ecological and health risk assessment of pollutants such as heavy metals, the health risks of global environmental change, the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and their relationships with greenhouse gas emissions. Sets of technologies on site pollution treatment and health protection have been developed. Further research into environmental geography and human health will focus on the chemical property of geographic environment, so as to probe into the interactions among environment, human health and socio-economic development, for human safety and sustainable development.

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所倡导和建立了化学地理研究机构,是我国最早从事环境科学研究的单位之一,推动了环境质量调查、环境质量评价、环境背景、环境容量和环境治理等理论和技术的建立和发展;长期进行克山病、大骨节病等地方病的调查及其环境病因与防治的研究,为上述疾病的控制做出了重大贡献;创立和发展了中国的医学地理学研究体系。2000年以后,在持续开展西部地方病地理流行规律和稀土元素生物地球化学循环研究基础上,重点开展了重金属等污染物及全球环境变化的健康风险评价研究,拓展了区域碳、氮、磷等生命元素的生物地球化学循环与温室气体排放的关系研究,强化了环境污染治理和健康保护的技术研究。实现了从化学地理到环境地理、从医学地理到健康地理的转变。未来的环境地理与人类健康研究将以地理环境的化学属性为重点,以人口健康保护为核心,探讨环境保护、社会经济发展和人类健康安全在整体上协调的机制与途径。

Exposure to green and blue space refers to the surrounding green and blue space exposed in residence and activity place in daily life, which can bring about health benefits for residents. The neighborhood green and blue space is related to the elderly’s health. Based on questionnaire data in Guangzhou in 2018, remote sensing image, street scape and so on, we extracted various green and blue space indicators, etc. From the perspective of reducing harm, restoring capacities and restoring capacities, we also constructed research framework including five mediating pathway. This research employed multilevel linear regression model and mediating effect model and propensity score matching method to examine biopsychosocial pathways and mechanism linking exposure to green and blue space to the elderly’s health. According to this empirical analysis, firstly, neighborhood exposure to green and blue space is significantly associated with the elderly’s self-reported health and mental health; Secondly, physical activity encouragement and reduction in stress and social cohesion facilitation play a separate role in mediating the effect of green and blue space exposure on the elderly’s health, while reducing environmental harm and improving aesthetic pleasure did not perform significant role on the elderly’s health; Thirdly, the impact of exposure to green and blue space on the elderly's health differs significantly among different social strata. According to our findings and conclusions, we suggest the necessity of achieving 'Healthy city' and 'Health aging' construction, such as increasing the proportion of water body in public space, optimizing the layout of urban green space and improving vertical green space view, which provide new references for relevant public policies for the elderly.

利用2018年广州社区问卷数据、遥感影像、城市街景、环境污染等多元数据,提取多种蓝绿空间指标,并使用多层模型、中介效应模型和倾向值匹配法,探讨中国城市背景下蓝绿空间暴露影响老年人健康的“生物?心理?社会”邻里影响路径和机制,以及对不同社会阶层间的差异。研究发现,社区层面的蓝绿空间暴露与老年人的身心健康均存在显著相关；周围蓝绿空间程度通过促进体育锻炼、缓解压力提升老年人的身体健康,可达性通过促进社会交往提升老年人的心理健康；蓝绿空间暴露对老年人健康的影响在不同阶层间存在差异。为健康老龄化、健康城市建设提供科学参考。

World Health Organization defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Therefore, public health, the art and science of promoting health, is an interdisciplinary field which benefits from communication of different research perspectives. Of these perspectives, geography has a unique advantage in that space and health are intrinsically linked. The geographical context of places and the connectedness between places together play a major role in shaping public health. These features allow geography to theorize the associations between different variables and health from a unique angle of view and tackle public health challenges around the world. Many core geographical research themes in recent years, including inequalities, urbanization, and globalization, are directly related to public health. However, with the definition of health and public management constantly evolving, public health and geography research starting stressing emphasis on socio-economic factors, and crises like climate change and COVID-19 pandemic bringing external pressure, the geographical dimension of public health research has become much more complex and experienced many changes in connotation, theory, content and methodology. This paper starts with a brief review which shows relevant literatures at home and abroad have both experienced a slow rise, an accelerated rise, and the current rapid rise, but are divided in perspectives and topics concerned. It is worth noting that numbers of both reached a maximum in 2020. Then the paper is organized in a set of theories, methods and topics which have dominated much of the recent literature abroad: neighborhood effect, therapeutic landscapes, post-humanist thoughts, evolving quantitative and qualitative methods, healthy aging, health inequalities, and urban planning measures aimed at promoting residents’ health. In particular, it points out current opportunities in which global crises such as climate change and COVID-19 pandemic opened up for geographical research. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine recent research in the geographical dimension of public health research abroad; second, to introduce relevant theories, methods, and topics which might prove valuable to support future quests and build in-depth research on domestic public health problems.

在工业化、城镇化、信息化持续发展,全球变化和全球事件轮番冲击的背景下,公共卫生研究不断深化,已发展为全球性的跨学科议程及研究热点。回顾相关文献发现,国内外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究在数量上均经历了缓慢上升、加速上升和当前的快速上升阶段,但切入角度和关注议题存在差异。本文通过梳理国外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究,对这一领域概念、理论、方法的发展及热点进行归纳总结和综合评述,探讨健康老龄化、健康不平等、融合健康考量的城市规划等议题下现有研究的主要争议、前景及其对国内研究的启示,尤其指出气候变化和传染病大流行等外部压力下暴露出的地理学研究契机,以期拓展视野、聚焦问题,为国内地理学者参与公共卫生研究提供参考。