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地理学报 >

2025 , Vol. 80 >Issue 5: 1339 - 1352

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202505012

环境变化与农业发展

1981—2019年中国及典型区域热环境变化特征

  • 陈笑 , 1, 3 ,
  • 孙涛 1 ,
  • 孙然好 , 1, 2
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  • 1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心 区域与城市生态安全全国重点实验室，北京 100085
  • 2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  • 3.云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院 云南省水土流失防治与绿色发展重点实验室，昆明 650500
孙然好(1981-), 男, 研究员, 主要从事城市景观生态学研究。E-mail:

陈笑(2000-), 男, 硕士生, 研究方向为城市热环境与气候暴露风险。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2023-10-25

  修回日期: 2025-03-07

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-23

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41922007)

收起

Evolution characteristic and typical regional analysis of national thermal environment in 1981-2019

  • CHEN Xiao , 1, 3 ,
  • SUN Tao 1 ,
  • SUN Ranhao , 1, 2
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,CAS, Beijing 100085, China
  • 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

Received date: 2023-10-25

  Revised date: 2025-03-07

  Online published: 2025-05-23

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(41922007)

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摘要

户外热环境影响人体热舒适进而对公共健康、旅游规划、劳动生产、景观建设产生影响，但当前仍缺乏大尺度、长时序研究。本文基于通用热气候指数（UTCI）、Sen斜率估计和Mann-Kendall显著检验，分析1981—2019年中国UTCI时空演变特征并揭示典型城市群热风险。结果表明，中国UTCI增长趋势普遍存在，但春季增长强度最高、夏季次之，秋冬季大部分地区增长趋势不显著；春季白天UTCI增长更明显而夏季夜晚增长显著，北方增长普遍高于北方，高值增长区集中于西北、高原和盆地，超过0.6 ℃/10a。城市群春季UTCI增长强度最高，均超过0.3 ℃/10a，“暖春”现象明显；不同冷压力等级发生天数普遍降低而热压力天数增加，居民承受更强热压力；虽然全国热压力发生频率仅24.2%但城市群普遍超过60%，热环境由舒适向热不适转变将进一步增加居民热暴露风险。研究结果有助于进一步理解热环境的空间分布和变化情况，为气候变化背景下区域重点治理防控提供依据。

关键词： 户外热环境; UTCI; 演变特征; 城市群

本文引用格式

陈笑 , 孙涛 , 孙然好 . 1981—2019年中国及典型区域热环境变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2025 , 80(5) : 1339 -1352 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202505012

Abstract

The outdoor thermal environment impacts human heat exchange, subsequently affecting public health, travel decisions, labor production, and landscape design. However, there are still lacking large-scale and long time-series studies. Based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), Sen's slope estimation, and Mann-Kendall (MK) significance test, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of UTCI in China from 1981 to 2019 and reveal the heat risk of typical urban agglomerations. The results show that the widespread growth trend of UTCI exists across China, with the highest intensity occurring in spring and the second highest in summer, while the trend is not significant in most areas in autumn and winter. UTCI trend intensity was higher during daytime in spring while nighttime in summer, and overall growth tended to be more pronounced in the north than in the south. High-growth areas are predominantly located in the northwest region, plateau and basin, exceeding 0.6 °C/10a. Urban agglomerations exhibit the highest UTCI growth trend in spring, generally exceeding 0.3 °C/10a, proving the "warm spring" exists. The days of different cold stress levels generally decrease while heat stress days increase thereby subjecting residents to greater levels of heat stress. The frequency of heat stress was only 24.2% in China, and generally exceeded 60% in urban areas, which would increase residents' heat exposure risk as the thermal environment shifts from comfortable to uncomfortable. This study further helps to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of thermal environment variations and provides fundamental insights for regional management, prevention, and control in the context of climate change.

Key words： outdoor thermal environment; UTCI; evolutionary characteristics; urban agglomeration

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