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地理学报 >

2025 , Vol. 80 >Issue 5: 1282 - 1295

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202505008

地表过程与地貌

金沙江下游梯级水库深泓纵剖面响应泥沙沉积的调整模式

  • 王随继 , 1, 2
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  • 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室，北京 100101
  • 2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049

王随继(1966-), 男, 甘肃静宁人, 博士, 副研究员/岗位教授, 主要从事河流沉积学及地貌学研究。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2024-10-04

  修回日期: 2025-03-24

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-23

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3203903)

国家自然科学基金项目(42371010)

国家自然科学基金项目(41971004)

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Adjustment of thalweg longitudinal profile in response to sediment silting in cascade reservoirs: A case study of the lower Jinsha River

  • WANG Suiji , 1, 2
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2024-10-04

  Revised date: 2025-03-24

  Online published: 2025-05-23

Supported by

National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3203903)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371010)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971004)

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摘要

梯级水库大坝的强分割性和拦沙量的时空变化如何影响库区的河貌调整，是值得探究的科学问题。本文以揭示梯级水库深泓纵剖面的调整机制为目标，以金沙江下游向家坝和溪洛渡水库为研究对象，基于建坝前后库区河段深泓高程的多期次观测资料，利用统计学、地貌学和沉积学的相关方法，分析了深泓纵剖面的实测曲线、趋势性曲线和理论拟合曲线的变化特征。揭示了梯级水库纵剖面的两类调整模式：下凹曲线型和上凸曲线型。前者以河床微弱冲淤→建坝后库区上游段的快速加积→全库区的缓慢加积为特征，这是较早建成且相对位于下游的水库（如向家坝水库）的共性；后者的纵剖面调整以河床微弱冲淤的直线或下凹曲线型→建坝后强烈淤积的上凸曲线型为特征，是较晚建成且相对位于上游的水库（如溪洛渡水库）的特性。梯级水库纵剖面的调整受到库区泥沙淤积量和沉积速率时空变化的控制，水动力梯度和调控模式交替变化影响着沉积速率的空间分异性。研究结果有助于理解类似地区梯级水库纵剖面的调整机制，在预估无观测资料的梯级水库纵剖面调整趋势方面具有指导作用。

关键词： 梯级水库; 纵剖面; 调整模式; 输沙量; 沉积速率; 金沙江下游

本文引用格式

王随继 . 金沙江下游梯级水库深泓纵剖面响应泥沙沉积的调整模式[J]. 地理学报, 2025 , 80(5) : 1282 -1295 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202505008

Abstract

How the strong segmentation of cascade reservoir dams and the spatiotemporal changes of sediment interception volume affect the river morphology adjustment in the reservoir area is a scientific issue worthy of exploration. This study aims to reveal the adjustment mechanism of the longitudinal profile of the thalweg in cascade reservoirs. Taking the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River as research objects, based on the multi-period observation data of the thalweg elevation in the reservoir sections before and after dam construction, relevant methods of statistics, geomorphology, and sedimentology are used to analyze the change characteristics of the measured curve, trend curve, and theoretical fitting curve of the longitudinal profile of the thalweg. Two types of adjustment modes of the longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs are revealed: concave curve type and convex curve type. The former is characterized by slight scouring and silting of the riverbed→rapid aggradation in the upstream section of the reservoir area after the dam has closed→slow aggradation in the entire reservoir area. This is the commonality of reservoirs built earlier and relatively located downstream (such as the Xiangjiaba Reservoir). The latter is characterized by the adjustment of the longitudinal profile from a straight line (or concave curve) with slight scouring and silting of the riverbed → a convex curve type with strong siltation after the dam has completed. This is the characteristic of reservoirs built later and relatively located upstream (such as the Xiluodu Reservoir). The adjustment of the longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs is controlled by the spatiotemporal changes of sediment deposition volume and sedimentation rate in the reservoir area. The hydrodynamic gradient and alternating changes of regulation mode affect the spatial heterogeneity of sedimentation rate. The research results are helpful for understanding the adjustment mechanism of the longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs in similar areas and play a guiding role in predicting the adjustment trend of the longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs without observation data.

Key words： cascade reservoir; longitudinal profile; adjustment mode; suspended sediment load; sedimentation rate; lower Jinsha River

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