面向新唯物主义的文化地理学研究
郭文(1978-), 男, 山西临汾人, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 中国地理学会会员(S110010724M), 研究方向为社会文化地理学理论、空间生产与地方治理、人与非人关系能动性。E-mail: guowen@njau.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-03-27
修回日期: 2023-06-21
网络出版日期: 2023-12-18
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971186)
国家自然科学基金项目(42171240)
江苏省“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人科研基金项目
Research on new materialism in cultural geography
Received date: 2023-03-27
Revised date: 2023-06-21
Online published: 2023-12-18
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971186)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171240)
Scientific Research Fund for Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
新唯物主义是20世纪90年代以来,伴随“客体导向哲学”和“重返物质”研究而兴起的学术思潮,该思潮主张广义对称和本体论重构,是人们理解人地关系和社会文化实践的全新视角。目前地理学界对新唯物主义的研究主要聚焦在对其学术进展的介绍和述评层面,在内涵、发展、演化、应用等方面还未作出较好回答。有研究认为,新唯物主义否定了人类社会和历史发展规律,是一种“去人类中心主义”和否定实践的唯心主义思潮,这难免会让人们对新唯物主义理论气质产生疑虑、怀疑和迷惑;也有人担忧,呼吁文化地理学的唯物主义范式,是否会重蹈早期地理环境决定论的理论覆辙?基于上述背景,本文分析了新唯物主义出场的现实背景、后结构主义“物质/话语”存在的问题以及支撑该思潮的理论基石,并对新唯物主义在文化地理学中的认知转向、研究取向以及追踪并感受物质的空间和地方运作、物质空间互动及社会文化意义生产、人与非人类共创地理环境及生态秩序等内容进行了深入剖析。同时,在文化地理学新唯物主义范式的实践主体和能动力差异方面,回应了学术界关于新唯物主义和传统唯物史观关联问题的质疑;在分析地理环境决定论的发展与演化基础上,厘清了文化地理学新唯物主义范式不是对传统理论的复归,而是时代的超越。新唯物主义将会在不断完善中,变得更为成熟。研究呼吁,中国目前面临许多需要新唯物主义介入的研究与实践,正确理解并吸纳新唯物主义理论的合理成分,对弥合自然与人文地理学分野具有裨益,也有利于创新并推动文化地理乃至地理学在中国的快速发展。
郭文 . 面向新唯物主义的文化地理学研究[J]. 地理学报, 2023 , 78(12) : 2922 -2938 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202312002
New materialism is an academic trend that emerged in the 1990s, along with "object-oriented philosophy" and "return to material objects" research, which advocates a new perspective for understanding human-land relations and social and cultural practices based on broad symmetry and ontological reconstruction. Facing the challenge of today's multimaterial world and the demand for continuous optimization of cultural research, new materialism has become a new concept for cultural narratives advocating the coexistence of all things in the world. At present, research on new materialism in the field of geography mainly focuses on introducing and reviewing academic progress in this area, while research on its connotations, development, evolution, and other aspects is not systematic enough. Some members of the academic community believe that new materialism denies the laws of human social and historical development and represents an ideological trend toward anthropocentrism and idealism. This inevitably leads to doubts and even confusion about the theoretical temperament of new materialism. In addition, some people worry that paying attention to object-oriented philosophy, as advocated by the new materialism, will lead to a repetition of the theoretical mistakes of earlier geographical/environmental determinism. How to understand the theoretical connotations of new materialism deeply, how to view the contemporary development of new materialism objectively, how to exert the value-added effect of new materialism reasonably, and how to guide research on and the practice of new materialism in cultural geography have become important scientific issues that need to be clarified in the academic community. This study examines the actual background to the emergence of new materialism and the problems of "matter/discourse" in poststructuralism as well as the theoretical foundations on which new materialism was established. In addition, the cognitive turn and research orientation of new materialism in cultural geography are examined, focusing on three aspects of reseach in cultural geography: tracking and experiencing the spatial and local operation of material; the interaction between material space and the production of social and cultural significance; and the co-creation by human and non-human beings of the geographical environment and ecological order. At the same time, in terms of the differences between the practical subject and its dynamic force, this paper responds to the question raised by the academic community about the relevance of new materialism and traditional historical materialism. Based on an analysis of the development and evolution of geographical/environmental determinism, it is clarified that the new materialism paradigm in cultural geography does not represent a return to traditional theory but rather a transcendence of the times. New materialism will continue to improve and become more mature. This study highlights the fact that China is currently seeing a great deal of research and practice requiring the involvement of new materialism. Properly understanding and absorbing the reasonable elements of the theory of new materialism is beneficial for bridging the gap between natural and human geography and is also conducive to innovation and promotion of the rapid development of cultural geography and even geography in China.
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