1982—2019年中国陆地蒸散发变化的归因分析
白鹏(1983-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事水文与水资源研究,E-mail: baip@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-06-29
修回日期: 2023-11-05
网络出版日期: 2023-11-29
基金资助
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0806)
国家自然科学基金项目(4227103)
国家自然科学基金项目(51979263)
Attribution analysis of changes in terrestrial evapotranspiration in China during 1982-2019
Received date: 2023-06-29
Revised date: 2023-11-05
Online published: 2023-11-29
Supported by
The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2021xjkk0806)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271033)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51979263)
蒸散发(ET)是水循环的关键变量之一,其长期变化直接影响区域水资源的时空分布格局。近几十年来,中国气候和下垫面特征发生了显著变化,但这些变化如何影响ET的时空分布仍缺乏清晰的认识。本文基于Penman-Monteith-Leuning模型和驱动要素去趋势实验定量揭示了降水、净辐射、水汽压差、风速和叶面积指数对中国陆地ET变化的贡献。研究结果表明,1982—2019年中国陆地ET呈显著增加(p < 0.05)趋势,趋势值为1.25 mm a-1。水汽压差、降水和叶面积指数主导了中国陆地ET变化,三者对ET趋势的贡献度分别为44%(0.54 mm a-1)、29%(0.36 mm a-1)和25%(0.31 mm a-1)。ET变化的主导因素具有明显的区域分异规律,西北地区(干旱和半干旱区)ET变化受降水主导,长江大部以及东北北部(湿润区)受水汽压差主导,而黄土高原、华北平原和东北部分地区受叶面积指数主导。本文研究结果可为气候变化背景下中国水资源的差异化管理和规划提供参考。
白鹏 , 蔡常鑫 . 1982—2019年中国陆地蒸散发变化的归因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2023 , 78(11) : 2750 -2762 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202311007
Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the key components of the terrestrial water cycle, and its long-term changes directly affect the spatiotemporal pattern of regional water availability. In recent decades, China has experienced significant changes in climate and land surface characteristics. However, how these changes affected the spatiotemporal pattern of terrestrial ET was still poorly understood. In this study, we quantified the contributions of five factors related to climate and vegetation (precipitation, wind speed, vapor pressure deficit, net radiation, and leaf area index) to ET trends across China using the Penman-Monteith-Leuning model and a forcing variable detrending experiment. The results showed that nationwide annual ET increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 1982 to 2019, with a trend of 1.25 mm a-1. Vapor pressure deficit, leaf area index and precipitation dominated the national ET changes, and their contributions to ET trends are 42% (0.54 mm a-1), 29% (0.36 mm a-1), and 27% (0.31 mm a-1), respectively. Spatially, the dominant factors of ET changes show clear regional differences. Changes in ET are dominated by precipitation in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China, and by vapor pressure deficit in humid regions such as the Yangtze River basin and the northern part of northeastern China. Leaf area index dominates ET changes in areas with a significant greening such as the Loess Plateau, North China Plain and parts of Northeast China. The findings are expected to provide guidance for national water resources management and planning under climate change.
Key words: evapotranspiration; water cycle; climate change; vegetation greening
表1 PML模型的驱动数据和评估数据Tab. 1 The forcing and evaluation data used for the PML model |
数据类型 | 变量 | 空间分辨率 | 数据来源 |
---|---|---|---|
气象数据 | 降水、气温、风速、湿度、日照时数 | - | http://data.cma.cn/ |
陆表数据 | GLASS反照率 | 0.05° | http://www.glass.umd.edu/Download.html |
GLASS LAI | 0.05° | http://www.glass.umd.edu/Download.html | |
MODIS土地利用 | 0.05° | https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod12.php | |
评估数据 | 潜热通量 | - | http://www.chinaflux.org/ |
径流数据 | - | 中国水文年鉴(1982—2000年) |
表2 本文与前期相关研究的比较Tab. 2 Comparison of this work with previous relevant studies |
ET模型 | 研究时段 | 归因方法 | ET趋势(mm a-1) | 主导因素 | 数据来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOD16 | 2000—2019 | 回归法 | 5.38* | 降水和风速 | 文献[26] |
BEPS | 2001—2020 | 拓展法 | 2.32 | LAI和降水 | 文献[27] |
PE | 1982—2018 | 拓展法 | 1.33* | 降水、气温和LAI | 文献[28] |
PML | 1982—2019 | 去趋势法 | 1.25* | VPD、降水和LAI | 本文 |
注:*表示趋势通过了p < 0.05或p < 0.01的显著性检验。 |
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