地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (10): 2458-2476.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202110009
收稿日期:
2021-01-30
修回日期:
2021-06-30
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-12-25
通讯作者:
黄琴诗(1990-), 女, 浙江温州人, 博士生, 讲师, 研究方向为城市社会地理。E-mail: huangqinshi@zust.edu.cn作者简介:
宋伟轩(1981-), 男, 吉林敦化人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为城市社会地理。E-mail: wxsong@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
SONG Weixuan1(), HUANG Qinshi2,3(
), GU Yue1,4, HE Ge3
Received:
2021-01-30
Revised:
2021-06-30
Published:
2021-10-25
Online:
2021-12-25
Supported by:
摘要:
城市居住分异具有社会群体与住宅空间的社会—空间双重属性,已有研究多关注社会经济属性,采用非空间分异指数开展单个城市和较大尺度的实证分析,较难有效反映中国当前城市内部日趋复杂多变、异质破碎的居住分异景观。基于住宅空间视角,采用多群体分异指数、空间分异曲线、指数分解模型与地理探测器等方法,以南京、杭州为案例城市,从街道、街区与网格3个尺度,分析宁杭2009—2018年居住空间分异及其影响因素。研究表明:空间分异指数因考虑到住宅空间位置和邻域环境,可作为对非空间分异指数的一种改进;南京不同住宅类型空间分异程度高于杭州,主要是由城市空间结构差异造成的;居住空间分异是城市社会空间资源非均衡配置的结果,其中“中心位势”和“教育配套”等因素对城市居住空间分异的影响最为显著;宁杭城市居住空间分异的共性与特性并存,揭示出城市比较研究的可行性与必要性。通过创新性探索,为中国城市居住分异研究提供新视角、新方法和新思维。
宋伟轩, 黄琴诗, 谷跃, 何格. 宁杭城市多时空尺度居住空间分异与比较[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(10): 2458-2476.
SONG Weixuan, HUANG Qinshi, GU Yue, HE Ge. A comparison study on residential differentiation at multiple spatial and temporal scales in Nanjing and Hangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(10): 2458-2476.
表1
2009—2018年宁杭平均房价与中位数(元/m2)
年份 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南京平均房价 | 10733 | 13975 | 15516 | 15516 | 17753 | 19661 | 20159 | 24955 | 30685 | 33982 |
杭州平均房价 | 16051 | 21194 | 22613 | 20848 | 21656 | 20372 | 19083 | 20652 | 29714 | 36307 |
南京房价中位数 | 10656 | 13855 | 15405 | 15372 | 17311 | 19107 | 19756 | 23309 | 29043 | 32000 |
杭州房价中位数 | 15143 | 20354 | 21971 | 19900 | 20847 | 19516 | 18129 | 19673 | 28750 | 35103 |
表2
2009—2018年宁杭各类住宅规模占比(%)
住宅规模 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南京 | 高房价住宅 | 5.10 | 2.98 | 2.59 | 3.90 | 3.79 | 3.11 | 3.14 | 8.72 | 2.79 | 2.43 |
中高房价住宅 | 19.09 | 14.87 | 14.75 | 15.69 | 16.21 | 16.83 | 17.11 | 18.17 | 15.45 | 15.16 | |
中房价住宅 | 32.14 | 30.73 | 30.20 | 30.91 | 26.86 | 25.20 | 26.96 | 23.89 | 24.44 | 30.23 | |
中低房价住宅 | 23.71 | 28.34 | 30.08 | 26.04 | 28.91 | 30.81 | 29.32 | 36.18 | 37.00 | 43.84 | |
低房价住宅 | 19.95 | 23.08 | 22.39 | 23.45 | 24.23 | 24.05 | 23.47 | 13.04 | 20.31 | 27.62 | |
杭州 | 高房价住宅 | 1.46 | 0.96 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.70 | 2.48 | 1.68 | 2.53 | 5.13 | 4.65 |
中高房价住宅 | 9.17 | 8.95 | 7.47 | 7.66 | 7.45 | 10.74 | 10.19 | 12.67 | 16.48 | 16.67 | |
中房价住宅 | 28.72 | 31.82 | 27.16 | 31.32 | 25.06 | 32.27 | 27.13 | 28.43 | 26.09 | 31.51 | |
中低房价住宅 | 41.54 | 37.22 | 39.13 | 34.82 | 37.53 | 31.67 | 34.44 | 33.03 | 32.92 | 32.78 | |
低房价住宅 | 19.12 | 21.04 | 25.44 | 25.77 | 29.26 | 22.84 | 26.56 | 23.35 | 19.37 | 14.39 |
表3
宁杭城市住宅价格空间分异的特征变量与描述
特征类型 | 解释变量 | 变量描述 |
---|---|---|
区位特征 | 中心位势 | 街道、街区、网格中心与城市中心和最近次级商业中心距离之和 |
交通位势 | 街道、街区、网格内部地铁口与公交站数量 | |
景观位势 | 街道、街区、网格中心与大型山水景观资源的空间毗邻程度 | |
配套环境 | 商业配套 | 街道、街区、网格内部商业场所数量 |
休闲配套 | 街道、街区、网格内部休闲场所数量 | |
教育配套 | 街道、街区、网格所属学区教育质量 | |
政策配套 | 街道、街区、网格是否属于重点开发的新城新区 | |
住宅属性 | 住房年代 | 街道、街区、网格内部住宅距离建成年份的平均年数 |
绿化品质 | 街道、街区、网格内部绿化面积与规划建设用地面积的比值 |
表4
因子探测器分析结果
q值 | 2009年 | 2018年 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南京 | 杭州 | 南京 | 杭州 | ||||||||||
街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | ||
中心位势 | 0.722 | 0.666 | 0.689 | 0.379 | 0.184 | 0.008 | 0.619 | 0.031 | 0.495 | 0.032 | 0.114 | 0.252 | |
交通位势 | 0.118 | 0.199 | 0.332 | 0.141 | 0.023 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.131 | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.043 | |
景观位势 | 0.271 | 0.135 | 0.318 | 0.253 | 0.121 | 0.021 | 0.177 | 0.036 | 0.231 | 0.014 | 0.054 | 0.092 | |
商业配套 | 0.162 | 0.328 | 0.197 | 0.069 | 0.039 | 0.027 | 0.073 | 0.054 | 0.072 | 0.006 | 0.045 | 0.146 | |
休闲配套 | 0.258 | 0.291 | 0.218 | 0.268 | 0.121 | 0.030 | 0.185 | 0.057 | 0.190 | 0.020 | 0.049 | 0.153 | |
教育配套 | 0.346 | 0.402 | 0.561 | 0.428 | 0.338 | 0.157 | 0.228 | 0.039 | 0.473 | 0.437 | 0.419 | 0.400 | |
政策配套 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.092 | 0.038 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.011 | 0.167 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.000 | |
住房年代 | 0.244 | 0.188 | 0.073 | 0.182 | 0.104 | 0.183 | 0.208 | 0.039 | 0.033 | 0.284 | 0.267 | 0.059 | |
绿化品质 | 0.119 | 0.057 | 0.011 | 0.047 | 0.106 | 0.010 | 0.109 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.017 | 0.032 |
表5
双因子探测q值排名前10位的组合因子
q值 排序 | 2009年 | 2018年 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南京 | 杭州 | 南京 | 杭州 | ||||||||||
街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | 街道 | 街区 | 格网 | ||
1 | 中心∩景观 (0.867) | 中心∩景观 (0.766) | 中心∩教育 (0.767) | 教育∩景观 (0.819) | 教育∩休闲 (0.686) | 年代∩教育 (0.286) | 中心∩教育 (0.832) | 景观∩绿化 (0.231) | 教育∩中心 (0.668) | 教育∩年代 (0.544) | 教育∩商业 (0.531) | 教育∩景观 (0.539) | |
2 | 中心∩教育 (0.855) | 中心∩教育 (0.729) | 中心∩景观 (0.765) | 教育∩休闲 (0.691) | 教育∩绿化 (0.674) | 年代∩景观 (0.238) | 中心∩景观 (0.709) | 商业∩教育 (0.191) | 教育∩景观 (0.635) | 教育∩中心 (0.527) | 教育∩景观 (0.518) | 教育∩中心 (0.514) | |
3 | 中心∩商业 (0.796) | 中心∩年代 (0.720) | 教育∩景观 (0.741) | 景观∩交通 (0.690) | 教育∩中心 (0.593) | 教育∩休闲 (0.225) | 中心∩绿化 (0.703) | 商业∩景观 (0.190) | 教育∩政策 (0.586) | 教育∩景观 (0.524) | 教育∩年代 (0.502) | 教育∩商业 (0.477) | |
4 | 中心∩政策 (0.765) | 中心∩休闲 (0.706) | 中心∩绿化 (0.725) | 中心∩交通 (0.639) | 教育∩商业 (0.532) | 年代∩中心 (0.223) | 中心∩交通 (0.697) | 休闲∩年代 (0.176) | 中心∩年代 (0.577) | 教育∩商业 (0.512) | 教育∩交通 (0.488) | 教育∩休闲 (0.474) | |
5 | 中心∩休闲 (0.764) | 中心∩商业 (0.701) | 中心∩年代 (0.712) | 教育∩交通 (0.627) | 教育∩年代 (0.523) | 年代∩商业 (0.223) | 中心∩年代 (0.696) | 教育∩景观 (0.175) | 中心∩绿化 (0.573) | 教育∩休闲 (0.506) | 教育∩休闲 (0.479) | 教育∩交通 (0.459) | |
6 | 中心∩绿化 (0.761) | 中心∩交通 (0.699) | 中心∩休闲 (0.708) | 中心∩景观 (0.622) | 教育∩景观 (0.495) | 年代∩休闲 (0.222) | 教育∩休闲 (0.684) | 商业∩交通 (0.172) | 中心∩商业 (0.560) | 教育∩绿化 (0.502) | 教育∩中心 (0.476) | 教育∩绿化 (0.458) | |
7 | 中心∩交通 (0.758) | 中心∩绿化 (0.693) | 中心∩商业 (0.699) | 教育∩中心 (0.617) | 中心∩绿化 (0.477) | 年代∩绿化 (0.210) | 中心∩商业 (0.675) | 商业∩绿化 (0.168) | 教育∩绿化 (0.555) | 教育∩交通 (0.486) | 教育∩政策 (0.441) | 教育∩年代 (0.451) | |
8 | 中心∩年代 (0.742) | 中心∩政策 (0.676) | 中心∩交通 (0.698) | 休闲∩交通 (0.616) | 教育∩交通 (0.441) | 年代∩交通 (0.209) | 中心∩政策 (0.655) | 休闲∩商业 (0.168) | 中心∩景观 (0.554) | 教育∩政策 (0.459) | 教育∩绿化 (0.436) | 中心∩绿化 (0.411) | |
9 | 教育∩年代 (0.740) | 教育∩商业 (0.610) | 中心∩政策 (0.691) | 中心∩休闲 (0.607) | 中心∩休闲 (0.384) | 教育∩商业 (0.208) | 中心∩休闲 (0.650) | 景观∩中心 (0.164) | 中心∩政策 (0.553) | 年代∩景观 (0.398) | 年代∩商业 (0.399) | 教育∩政策 (0.410) | |
10 | 教育∩景观 (0.688) | 教育∩休闲 (0.579) | 教育∩休闲 (0.656) | 教育∩绿化 (0.566) | 教育∩政策 (0.377) | 教育∩景观 (0.196) | 教育∩景观 (0.644) | 休闲∩教育 (0.162) | 教育∩休闲 (0.550) | 年代∩休闲 (0.396) | 年代∩景观 (0.380) | 中心∩景观 (0.363) |
[1] | Knox P, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography: An Introduction. London: Longman Group Limited, 1995. |
[2] |
Lens M C. Measuring the geography of opportunity. Progress in Human Geography, 2017, 41(1):3-25.
doi: 10.1177/0309132515618104 |
[3] | Xu Di, Zhu Xigang, Li Wei. A review of the urban social structure and its development in western countries. Progress in Geography, 2009, 28(1):93-102. |
[ 徐旳, 朱喜钢, 李唯. 西方城市社会空间结构研究回顾及进展. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(1):93-102.] | |
[4] |
Manley D, Jones K, Johnston R. Multiscale segregation: Multilevel modeling of dissimilarity: Challenging the stylized fact that segregation is greater the finer the spatial scale. The Professional Geographer, 2019, 71(3):566-578.
doi: 10.1080/00330124.2019.1578977 |
[5] |
Reardon S F, O'Sullivan D. Measures of spatial segregation. Sociological Methodology, 2004, 34(1):121-162.
doi: 10.1111/j.0081-1750.2004.00150.x |
[6] |
Clark W A V, Lisowski W. Decisions to move and decisions to stay: Life course events and mobility outcomes. Housing Studies, 2017, 32(5):547-565.
doi: 10.1080/02673037.2016.1210100 |
[7] |
Zhou S H, Deng L F, Kwan M P, et al. Social and spatial differentiation of high and low income groups' out-of-home activities in Guangzhou, China. Cities, 2015, 45:81-90.
doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.002 |
[8] |
Wei Z C, Liu Y T, He S J, et al. Housing differentiation in transitional urban China. Cities, 2020, 96:102469. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102469.
doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2019.102469 |
[9] |
Boterman W R, Musterd S, Manting D. Multiple dimensions of residential segregation. The case of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam. Urban Geography, 2021, 42(4):481-506.
doi: 10.1080/02723638.2020.1724439 |
[10] | Song Weixuan, Wu Qiyan, Zhu Xigang. Residential differentiation of Nanjing in the new period. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(6):685-694. |
[ 宋伟轩, 吴启焰, 朱喜钢. 新时期南京居住空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2010, 65(6):685-694.] | |
[11] |
Song Weixuan, Mao Ning, Chen Peiyang, et al. Coupling mechanism and spatial-temporal pattern of residential differentiation from the perspective of housing prices: A case study of Nanjing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4):589-602.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704003 |
[ 宋伟轩, 毛宁, 陈培阳, 等. 基于住宅价格视角的居住分异耦合机制与时空特征: 以南京为例. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4):589-602.] | |
[12] | He Q, Musterd S, Boterman W. Understanding different levels of segregation in urban China: A comparative study among 21 cities in Guangdong Province. Urban Geography, 2021(2):1-26. DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2021.1893049. |
[13] |
Wu F L. Planning centrality, market instruments: Governing Chinese urban transformation under state entrepreneurialism. Urban Studies, 2018, 55(7):1383-1399.
doi: 10.1177/0042098017721828 |
[14] | Jiang Liang, Feng Changchun. The study of residential differentiation in Changsha based on the social-spatial perspective. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(6):78-86. |
[ 蒋亮, 冯长春. 基于社会—空间视角的长沙市居住空间分异研究. 经济地理, 2015, 35(6):78-86.] | |
[15] | Huang Xiaojun, Huang Xin. Regional differentiation of the coupling between urban physical environment and social space in Changchun. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(6):21-26, 45. |
[ 黄晓军, 黄馨. 长春市物质环境与社会空间耦合的地域分异. 经济地理, 2012, 32(6):21-26, 45.] | |
[16] |
Li Zhigang, Liang Qi, Lin Sainan. Identity, characteristics and mechanism of migrants in large Chinese cities of transitional China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(1):40-49.
doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.01.006 |
[ 李志刚, 梁奇, 林赛南. 转型期中国大城市流动人口的身份认同、特征与机制. 地理科学, 2020, 40(1):40-49.] | |
[17] | Duan Hanming, Wu Tinghai, Bai Yunfan. The nature and characteristics of human settlement science from the perspective of transdisciplinary. Studies in Science of Science, 2020, 38(4):603-608. |
[ 段汉明, 武廷海, 白云帆. 人居科学的超学科性质和特征. 科学学研究, 2020, 38(4):603-608.] | |
[18] |
Leyk S, Gaughan A E, Adamo S B, et al. The spatial allocation of population: A review of large-scale gridded population data products and their fitness for use. Earth System Science Data, 2019, 11(3):1385-1409.
doi: 10.5194/essd-11-1385-2019 |
[19] | Feng Jian, Zhong Yichun. Restructuring of social space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4):711-737. |
[ 冯健, 钟奕纯. 北京社会空间重构(2000—2010). 地理学报, 2018, 73(4):711-737.] | |
[20] |
Wang Chunlan, Yang Shangguang, He Jun, et al. On the social space evolution of Shanghai: In dual dimensions of the hukou and the occupation. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(11):2236-2248.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201811009 |
[ 王春兰, 杨上广, 何骏, 等. 上海城市社会空间演化研究: 基于户籍与职业双维度. 地理研究, 2018, 37(11):2236-2248.] | |
[21] | Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong. Sociospatial differentiation in transitional Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2):199-211. |
[ 李志刚, 吴缚龙. 转型期上海社会空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2):199-211.] | |
[22] |
Zhou Chunshan, Bian Yan, Zhang Guojun, et al. Spatial differentiation and the formation mechanism of the middle class areas in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(12):2089-2102.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201612002 |
[ 周春山, 边艳, 张国俊, 等. 广州市中产阶层聚居区空间分异及形成机制. 地理学报, 2016, 71(12):2089-2102.] | |
[23] |
Wang Yang, Jin Lixia, Zhang Hong'ou, et al. The spatial differentiation pattern and formation mechanism of housing conditions in Guangzhou city, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017, 37(6):868-875.
doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.06.008 |
[ 王洋, 金利霞, 张虹鸥, 等. 广州市居民住房条件的空间分异格局与形成机制. 地理科学, 2017, 37(6):868-875.] | |
[24] | Li Zhigang, Xue Desheng, Lyons M, et al. The African enclave of Guangzhou: A case study of xiaobeilu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(2):207-218. |
[ 李志刚, 薛德升, Michael Lyons, 等. 广州小北路黑人聚居区社会空间分析. 地理学报, 2008, 63(2):207-218.] | |
[25] |
Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Ye Gar-On. A factorial ecological study of social spatial structure in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(4):385-399.
doi: 10.11821/xb198904001 |
[ 许学强, 胡华颖, 叶嘉安. 广州市社会空间结构的因子生态分析. 地理学报, 1989, 44(4):385-399.] | |
[26] |
Wu Q Y, Cheng J Q, Chen G, et al. Socio-spatial differentiation and residential segregation in the Chinese City based on the 2000 community-level census data: A case study of the inner City of Nanjing. Cities, 2014, 39:109-119.
doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2014.02.011 |
[27] | Chen Jie, Hao Qianjin. Residential segregation under rapid urbanization in China: Evidence from Shanghai. Academic Monthly, 2014, 46(5):17-28. |
[ 陈杰, 郝前进. 快速城市化进程中的居住隔离: 来自上海的实证研究. 学术月刊, 2014, 46(5):17-28.] | |
[28] | Zhang Yu, Tong De, Maclachlan I. Multi-dimensional analysis of housing segregation: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(12):2567-2575. |
[ 张瑜, 仝德, Ian Maclachlan. 非户籍与户籍人口居住空间分异的多维度解析: 以深圳为例. 地理研究, 2018, 37(12):2567-2575.] | |
[29] |
Gu C L, Wang F H, Liu G L. The structure of social space in Beijing in 1998: A socialist city in transition. Urban Geography, 2005, 26(2):167-192.
doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.26.2.167 |
[30] |
Li Z G, Wu F L. Tenure-based residential segregation in post-reform Chinese cities: A case study of Shanghai. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2008, 33(3):404-419.
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00304.x |
[31] |
Shen J, Xiao Y. Emerging divided cities in China: Socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, 2000-2010. Urban Studies, 2020, 57(6):1338-1356.
doi: 10.1177/0042098019834233 |
[32] | Liao Banggu, Xu Jiangang, Mei Anxin. Evolution of residential differentiation in central shanghai city (1947-2007): A view of residential land-use types. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(6):1089-1102. |
[ 廖邦固, 徐建刚, 梅安新. 1947—2007年上海中心城区居住空间分异变化: 基于居住用地类型视角. 地理研究, 2012, 31(6):1089-1102.] | |
[33] | Zhang Jun, Li Chenyang. Discussion on the key problems of urban residential differentiation measurement in China. Shanghai Urban Management, 2019, 28(2):76-80. |
[ 张俊, 李晨阳. 国内城市居住分异测量的关键问题探讨. 上海城市管理, 2019, 28(2):76-80.] | |
[34] |
Harris R, Johnston R. Measuring and modelling segregation: New concepts, new methods and new data. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2018, 45(6):999-1002.
doi: 10.1177/2399808318808889 |
[35] |
Zavisca J R, Gerber T P. The socioeconomic, demographic, and political effects of housing in comparative perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 2016, 42:347-367.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074333 pmid: 30089937 |
[36] | Rex J, Moore R. Community and Conflict. London: Oxford University Press, 1967. |
[37] |
Wang F L, Zhang C Y. Housing differentiation and subjective social status of Chinese urban homeowners: Evidence from CLDS. Housing Studies, 2021, 36(4):567-591.
doi: 10.1080/02673037.2020.1793915 |
[38] |
Li S, Wan H Y. Evolution of wealth inequality in China. China Economic Journal, 2015, 8(3):264-287.
doi: 10.1080/17538963.2015.1110338 |
[39] |
Song X, Xie Y. Market transition theory revisited: Changing regimes of housing inequality in China, 1988-2002. Sociological Science, 2014, 1:277-291.
doi: 10.15195/issn.2330-6696 |
[40] | Zhang Guangli, Pu Minya, Zhao Yunting, From occupation to housing: The transformation of social stratification logic. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2020,(3):73-79, 158-159. |
[ 张广利, 濮敏雅, 赵云亭. 从职业到住房:社会分层载体的具象化. 浙江社会科学, 2020,(3):73-79, 158-159.] | |
[41] |
Li C L, Fan Y M. Housing wealth inequality in urban China: The transition from welfare allocation to market differentiation. The Journal of Chinese Sociology, 2020, 7(1):1-17.
doi: 10.1186/s40711-019-0113-1 |
[42] |
Chen W, Wu X G, Miao J. Housing and subjective class identification in urban China. Chinese Sociological Review, 2019, 51(3):221-250.
doi: 10.1080/21620555.2019.1601012 |
[43] | Wu Qiyan. Study on the Residential Difference in Big Cities: Theory and Empirical Analysis. Beijing: Science Press, 2016. |
[ 吴启焰. 大城市居住空间分异研究的理论与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.] | |
[44] |
Chung H. Neighbourhood redevelopment and the making of a housing middle class: Can gentrification explain China's spatial and social changes? GeoJournal, 2021, 86(3):1375-1388.
doi: 10.1007/s10708-020-10138-y |
[45] |
Barros J, Feitosa F F. Uneven geographies: Exploring the sensitivity of spatial indices of residential segregation. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2018, 45(6):1073-1089.
doi: 10.1177/2399808318760572 |
[46] |
Catney G. The complex geographies of ethnic residential segregation: Using spatial and local measures to explore scale-dependency and spatial relationships. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2017, 43(1):137-152.
doi: 10.1111/tran.2018.43.issue-1 |
[47] |
Manley D, Johnston R, Jones K, et al. Macro-, meso- and microscale segregation: Modeling changing ethnic residential patterns in Auckland, New Zealand, 2001-2013. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2015, 105(5):951-967.
doi: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1066739 |
[48] |
Massey D S, Denton N A. The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 1988, 67(2):281-315.
doi: 10.2307/2579183 |
[49] |
White M J. The measurement of spatial segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 1983, 88(5):1008-1018.
doi: 10.1086/227768 |
[50] |
Chen Huiling, Shi Enming, Liu Wangbao. Social-spatial differentiation characteristics of Guangzhou based on time-space map. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(8):9-17.
doi: 10.2307/142171 |
[ 陈慧灵, 石恩名, 刘望保. 基于“时空图”的广州市社会空间分异. 经济地理, 2020, 40(8):9-17.] | |
[51] | Morrill R L. On the measure of geographic segregation. Geography Research Forum, 1991, 11(1):25-36. |
[52] |
Openshaw S. A geographical solution to scale and aggregation problems in region-building, partitioning and spatial modelling. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1977, 2(4):459-472.
doi: 10.2307/622300 |
[53] |
Wong D W S. Spatial dependency of segregation indices. The Canadian Geographer, 1997, 41(2):128-136.
doi: 10.1111/cag.1997.41.issue-2 |
[54] |
Reardon S F, Firebaugh G. Response: Segregation and social distance-A generalized approach to segregation measurement. Sociological Methodology, 2002, 32(1):85-101.
doi: 10.1111/1467-9531.00112 |
[55] | Wong D W S. Modeling local segregation: A spatial interaction approach. Geographical & Environmental Modelling, 2002, 6(1):81-97. |
[56] |
James D R, Taeuber K E. Measures of segregation. Sociological Methodology, 1985, 15:1-32. DOI: 10.2307/270845.
doi: 10.2307/270845 |
[57] |
Park Y M, Kwan M P. Beyond residential segregation: A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2018, 71:98-108.
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.05.001 |
[58] |
Wang Shaojian, Wang Yang, Zhao Yabo. GIS-based multi-scale and multi-mechanism research on regional inequality in Guangdong province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(10):1184-1192.
doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.010.1184 |
[ 王少剑, 王洋, 赵亚博. 广东省区域经济差异的多尺度与多机制研究. 地理科学, 2014, 34(10):1184-1192.] | |
[59] |
Han Z Y, Long Y, Wang X, et al. Urban redevelopment at the block level: Methodology and its application to all Chinese cities. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2020, 47(9):1725-1744.
doi: 10.1177/2399808319843928 |
[60] |
Wong D W S. Implementing spatial segregation measures in GIS. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2003, 27(1):53-70.
doi: 10.1016/S0198-9715(01)00018-7 |
[61] |
Apparicio P, Martori J C, Pearson A L, et al. An open-source software for calculating indices of urban residential segregation. Social Science Computer Review, 2014, 32(1):117-128.
doi: 10.1177/0894439313504539 |
[62] |
Feitosa F F, Câmara G, Monteiro A M V, et al. Global and local spatial indices of urban segregation. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2007, 21(3):299-323.
doi: 10.1080/13658810600911903 |
[63] |
Rey S J. PySAL: The first 10 years. Spatial Economic Analysis, 2019, 14(3):273-282.
doi: 10.1080/17421772.2019.1593495 |
[64] | Kakwani N, Subbarao K. Rural poverty and its alleviation in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 1990, 25(13):2-16. |
[65] |
Datt G, Ravallion M. Growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty measures: A decomposition with applications to Brazil and India in the 1980s. Journal of Development Economics, 1992, 38(2):275-295.
doi: 10.1016/0304-3878(92)90001-P |
[66] |
Yamaguchi K. Decomposition analysis of segregation. Sociological Methodology, 2017, 47(1):246-273.
doi: 10.1177/0081175017692625 |
[67] |
Huang Q S, Zhu X G, Liu C H, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution and determinants of the Belt and Road initiative: A maximum entropy gravity model approach. Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(5):839-854.
doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1144-x |
[68] |
Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):116-134.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201701010 |
[ 王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1):116-134.] | |
[69] | Denton N A, Massey D S. Residential segregation of blacks, Hispanics, and Asians by socioeconomic status and generation. Social Science Quarterly, 1988, 69(4):797-817. |
[70] | Massey D S, Denton N A. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993. |
[71] |
Lee B A, Farrell C R, Reardon S F, et al. From census tracts to local environments: An egocentric approach to neighborhood racial change. Spatial Demography, 2019, 7(1):1-26.
doi: 10.1007/s40980-018-0044-5 |
[72] |
Song Weixuan, Ma Yuzhu, Li Xiaoli, et al. Housing price growth in different residences in urban Nanjing: Spatiotemporal pattern and social spatial effect. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(10):1880-1895.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201810005 |
[ 宋伟轩, 马雨竹, 李晓丽, 等. 南京城市住宅小区房价增长模式与效应. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10):1880-1895.] |
[1] | 尼格娜热·阿曼太, 丁建丽, 葛翔宇, 包青岭. 1960—2017年艾比湖流域实际蒸散量与气象要素的变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(5): 1177-1192. |
[2] | 郑景云, 张学珍, 刘洋, 郝志新. 过去千年中国不同区域干湿的多尺度变化特征评估[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1432-1450. |
[3] | 刘志高, 王涛. 中国境外政府间合作园区多尺度耦合建设机制——以中白工业园为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1185-1198. |
[4] | 张静静, 朱文博, 朱连奇, 李艳红. 伏牛山地区森林生态系统服务权衡/协同效应多尺度分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 975-988. |
[5] | 塔娜, 申悦. 基于共享度的上海郊区社区居民活动空间隔离及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4): 849-859. |
[6] | 宋伟轩, 孙洁, 陈艳如, 尹上岗, 陈培阳. 南京内城商业绅士化发育特征研究[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 426-442. |
[7] | 宋伟轩, 陈艳如, 孙洁, 何淼. 长三角一体化区域城市房价空间分异的模式与效应[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2109-2125. |
[8] | 杨青山, 刘鉴, 张郁, 杨维旭. 满洲里口岸—城市关系演变的多尺度因素影响分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2146-2163. |
[9] | 郑景云,刘洋,吴茂炜,张学珍,郝志新. 中国中世纪气候异常期温度的多尺度变化特征及区域差异[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1281-1291. |
[10] | 刘思婧,李国旗,金凤君. 中国物流集群的量化甄别与发育程度评价[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(8): 1540-1555. |
[11] | 冯健,钟奕纯. 北京社会空间重构(2000-2010)[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(4): 711-737. |
[12] | 宋伟轩,马雨竹,李晓丽,陈艳如. 南京城市住宅小区房价增长模式与效应[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10): 1880-1895. |
[13] | 彭建, 胡晓旭, 赵明月, 刘焱序, 田璐. 生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(6): 960-973. |
[14] | 宋伟轩, 毛宁, 陈培阳, 袁亚琦, 汪毅. 基于住宅价格视角的居住分异耦合机制与时空特征——以南京为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4): 589-602. |
[15] | 刘浩龙, 戴君虎, 闫军辉, 何凡能, 葛全胜, 牟重行. 基于杭州偏晚终雪记录的南宋(1131-1270年)气候再推断[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(3): 382-396. |