城市企业社区用地更新潜力分析框架与应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb202110005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

用地更新潜力分析是践行集约利用空间与城市更新、可持续性城市建设的重要基础,对认识城市土地利用、居住空间转型与治理意义重大,包括面积更新潜力与集约利用潜力。从社区土地面积、空间集约利用和两者关联性3个维度出发,采用企业社区兴趣点、兴趣面数据与建筑基底数据,以及景观格局指数、区位熵、重要性—绩效分析等方法,构建城市企业社区用地更新潜力分析框架,探究用地更新潜力特征,以西安市为案例进行验证。结果表明：① 企业社区总更新潜力933.56 hm²,平均面积1.63 hm²。小型企业社区（0.07~1.18 hm²）居多（62.87%）,面积更新潜力较小（19.42%）,相对集聚于内部市区,桃园路、土门、长乐中路等街道。面积大的数量少,分散在外围市区,洪庆、纺织城、鱼化寨等街道;② 绝大多数企业社区（93.01%）在立体空间上有集约利用潜力,整体呈东西两头稍高、内城中间低的略“U”型分异,以及南部向中北部地区近线性增加趋势;③ 集约利用潜力大的企业社区（A型）占20.63%,平均楼层高度3.31层,以土门、桃园路、纺织城、韩森寨等街道为主。集约利用潜力较大的企业社区（B型）占55.94%,平均5.24层,小集聚、大分散,长乐中路、纺织城、电子城、桃园路等街道分布多;④ 面积更新潜力与集约利用潜力大的高—高型企业社区占13.46%（77个）,主要在中心城区外围,纺织城、电子城、枣园、韩森寨等街道;面积更新潜力小集约利用潜力大的低—高型企业社区占30.07%（172个）,土门、纺织城、桃园路、电子城等街道为主;需要重点关注高—高型和低—高型企业社区更新改造与未来发展建设。应用过程与分析框架匹配,结果与现实较吻合,体现方法架构的逻辑性。研究有助于深化内城居住空间演替理论、新城市主义与城市更新理论。

关键词: 企业社区, 用地更新潜力, 集约利用潜力, 景观格局指数, 西安市

Abstract:

It is significant to analyze the renewal potential of urban land use in China. Enterprise communities (ECs) are a major type of gated and walled-off residential space. They were mostly built and managed by the state or collectively-owned enterprises to meet the housing and livelihood needs of workers during the planned economy period from the 1950s to the 1970s, and many are still occupied in urban China. As a result, ECs exist in most cities need renewal. In this paper, an analysis framework of ECs' renewal potential in the city is constructed to probe into the renewal potential and its spatial distribution characteristics. The framework consists of three dimensions: renewal potential of land area, potential for spatial intensive utilization and their relevance. Point of interest (POI) data, area of interest (AOI) data and data of floor area and methods such as index of landscape pattern, location quotient and importance-performance analysis are adopted. Further, Xi'an is chosen as a case city to verify applicability of the analytical framework. The results are shown as follows: (1) Total renewal potentials of the ECs in Xi'an are 933.56 hm², with an average area of 1.63 hm². Small-sized ECs (0.07-1.18 hm²) are the majority (62.87%), mainly concentrated in Taoyuanlu, Tumen and Changlezhonglu sub-districts near the downtown, but the potentials for area renewal are relatively minor (19.42%). ECs with large land area are scattered, distributed in Hongqing, Fangzhicheng, Yuhuazhai and other sub-districts away from the downtown. (2) The vast majority of ECs (93.01%) have the potentials of intensive use in three-dimensional space, showing a pattern of slightly U-shaped spatial differentiation with higher at both ends of the east and west and lower in the middle of the inner city, as well as a near-linear increasing trend from the south to the north-central region. (3) ECs of type B with great potentials for intensive use account for 55.94%, with an average of 5.24 floors and spatial characteristics of small aggregation and large dispersion, mainly distributed in the sub-districts of Changlezhonglu, Fangzhicheng, Dianzicheng and Taoyuanlu. The ECs of type A with the highest potentials cover 20.63%, with an average of 3.31 floors, mostly in Tumen, Taoyuanlu, Fangzhicheng, Hansenzhai and other sub-districts. (4) ECs of high-high type with great potentials for area renewal and intensive use come up to 13.46% (77), primarily distributed in Fangzhicheng, Dianzicheng, Zaoyuan, Hansenzhai and other sub-districts outside the central city. ECs of low-high type with small potentials for area renewal and high potentials for intensive use reach 30.07% (172), principally in Tumen, Fangzhicheng, Taoyuanlu, Dianzicheng and other sub-districts. Renewal and development construction of ECs including the high-high and low-high types need be more focused in the future.

Key words: enterprise community, renewal potential of land use, potential of intensive use, index of landscape pattern, Xi'an city

吴文恒, 史海金, 杨毕红, 许玉婷, 李研. 城市企业社区用地更新潜力分析框架与应用[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(10): 2391-2406.

WU Wenheng, SHI Haijin, YANG Bihong, XU Yuting, LI Yan. An analysis framework on enterprise communities' renewal potential of land use in the city and its application[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(10): 2391-2406.

图/表 13

图1

表1

景观格局指数

指数	指数含义	计算公式
斑块类型数量(NP)	某斑块类型中所有斑块数量(个)	$NP = n i$
斑块密度(PD)	单位面积上的斑块数量(块/km²)	$PD = n i A$
斑块类型面积(CA)	某一斑块类型面积总和(hm²)	$CA = ∑ j = 1 n a ij 110000$
斑块面积百分比(PLAND)	某一斑块类型面积与景观总面积之比(%)	$PLAND = P i = ∑ j = 1 n a ij A 100$
斑块平均面积(MPS)	某一斑块类型的平均斑块面积(hm²)	$MPS = ∑ j = 1 n x ij n i$
斑块大小标准偏差(AREA_SD)	反映数据集的离散程度	$AREA_SD = ∑ j = 1 n x ij - ∑ j = 1 n x ij n i 2 n i$
平均最小斑块距离(ENN_MN)	反映某斑块类型聚集程度(m)	$ENN_MN = h ij n$

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

表3

图5

表4

图6

图7

图8

图9

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类型/面积范围(hm²)	0.07~1.18	1.18~2.77	2.77~5.17	5.17~8.38	8.38~15.37
CA (hm²)	181.32	214.00	231.14	184.55	122.55
PLAND (%)	19.42	22.92	24.76	19.77	13.13
NP (个)	359	113	61	27	11
PD (个/km²)	0.43	0.14	0.07	0.03	0.01
MPS (hm²)	0.50	1.89	3.78	6.83	11.14
AREA_SD	0.30	0.45	0.68	0.88	1.88
ENN_MN (m)	207.56	471.12	531.53	690.43	2919.13

行政区	街道	0.07~1.18			1.18~2.77			2.77~5.17		5.17~8.38		8.38~15.37
行政区	街道	数量(个)	面积(hm²)		数量(个)	面积(hm²)		数量(个)	面积(hm²)	数量(个)	面积(hm²)	数量(个)	面积(hm²)
莲湖区	桃园路	25	10.41		10	20.58		6	23.12	1	6.91	0	0
	土门	19	9.52		10	18.17		1	2.98	1	5.96	0	0
	红庙坡	14	8.38		7	12.11		1	3.47	0	0	0	0
	枣园	4	2.44		5	9.47		4	18.73	3	19.12	0	0
新城区	胡家庙	17	10.81		4	7.46		1	3.20	0	0	0	0
	长乐中路	20	8.26		9	17.9		11	41.27	3	20.58	0	0
	韩森寨	11	6.74		4	6.92		7	29.38	3	19.63	0	0
	太华路	8	4.35		6	12.16		1	3.47	0	0	0	0
碑林区	太乙路	18	12.30		2	3.02		2	7.20	0	0	1	9.56
碑林区	张家村	18	7.25	4		10.19		3	11.06	0	0	0	0
灞桥区	纺织城	16	7.02	8		16.02		1	4.93	6	43	2	21.02
	灞桥	1	0.82	1		1.77		0	0	1	8.30	0	0
	洪庆	1	0.21	0		0		0	0	1	8.01	3	35.39
雁塔区	电子城	14	7.42	7		13.85		6	21.85	3	20.12	0	0
	等驾坡	5	2.60	2		3.28	0		0	0	0	1	10.66
	鱼化寨	4	2.25	2		2.95	2		7.11	0	0	1	15.37
未央区	张家堡	7	3.42	1		1.42	0		0	0	0	1	9.91
	三桥	5	2.96	6		14.13	2		7.78	0	0	0	0
	辛家庙	2	1.17	0		0	0		0	2	13.77	1	10.12
	徐家湾	1	0.36	2		3.17	0		0	0	0	1	10.48