黄淮海地区乡村人—地—业协调发展格局与机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201908007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村在社会中占有重要地位,但乡村衰败目前已成为世界性问题,因此,乡村振兴需破解乡村病问题。现有乡村研究主要关注乡村单一系统、乡村转型或乡村特定问题的研究,对乡村系统自身、乡村各子系统之间关系及其驱动乡村发展逻辑的研究则显匮乏。基于黄淮海地区县域数据,选取乡村人—地—业3个子系统,利用耦合协调度模型刻画了乡村内部系统耦合协调度的空间格局,并对人—地—业驱动乡村发展的内在逻辑进行了探讨。结果发现：① 黄淮海地区大部分县域乡村人—地—业发展处于高水平耦合阶段,在空间格局上形成了4条明显的高值轴带,且乡村系统发展水平呈逐年上升趋势。② 黄淮海地区乡村耦合协调水平整体较高,但大部分处于勉强协调或初级协调阶段,耦合协调水平较高的县域主要集中在经济较发达地区。③ 黄淮海地区乡村耦合协同关系可分为低协调水平—土地发展领先型、中协调水平—人口发展领先型和高协调水平—人业发展引领型3种类型,其中产业在黄淮海地区乡村协调发展中至关重要。④ 乡村人—地—业的协调发展可有效激活“四力”,为乡村可持续发展奠定了基础。本研究为理解乡村系统自身、破解乡村问题及实现乡村可持续发展提供了参考。

关键词: 乡村, 乡村病, 协调发展, 居业分离, 乡村振兴, 黄淮海地区

Abstract:

The decline of countryside has become a worldwide problem nowadays, which is why cracking rural diseases is the key to revitalize the countryside. Existing rural researches mainly focus on one single system, rural transformation or specific issues, but there are few studies on the rural system and its subsystems, and the internal driving logic of rural development. Based on data of counties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Area, this study characterized the spatial pattern of the coupling coordination degree through rural inner systems, which include 3 subsystems of population, land and industry. Furthermore, it discussed the internal driving logic of rural development driven by population-land-industry. The results show that: (1) The rural population-land-industry development in most counties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Area is at a high-level coupling stage, and there are 4 obvious high-value axes in the spatial pattern. Meanwhile, the development level of the rural system is increasing year by year. (2) The coupling coordination level is relatively high in rural areas of the plain, but most parts are in the stage of reluctant or primary coordination. Counties with high-level coupling coordination are centrally distributed in economically developed areas. (3) The rural coupling-coordination relationships in the study region can be divided into 3 types: low coordination level-land development leading, middle coordination level-population development leading, high coordination level-population-industry development leading. The industry is of vital importance in the coordinated development of rural areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai Area. (4) The coordinated development of rural population-land-industry can effectively activate the "four forces" and lay the foundation for sustainable development in rural areas. This study provides a guidance for understanding rural system, solving the rural diseases and realizing the sustainable development in rural areas.

Key words: countryside, rural diseases, coordinated development, housing-industry separation, rural revitalization, Huang-Huai-Hai Area

程明洋, 刘彦随, 蒋宁. 黄淮海地区乡村人—地—业协调发展格局与机制[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(8): 1576-1589.

CHENG Mingyang, LIU Yansui, JIANG Ning. Study on the spatial pattern and mechanism of rural population-land-industry coordinating development in Huang-Huai-Hai Area[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1576-1589.

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耦合协调度	协调等级	耦合协调度	协调等级
(0.90, 1.00]	优质协调	(0.40, 0.50]	濒临失调
(0.80, 0.90]	良好协调	(0.30, 0.40]	轻度失调
(0.70, 0.80]	中级协调	(0.20, 0.30]	中度失调
(0.60, 0.70]	初级协调	(0.10, 0.20]	严重失调
(0.50, 0.60]	勉强协调	[0, 0.10]	极度失调

准则层	指标层	指标解释	单位	权重
人口	乡村非农就业率+	乡村从事二三产业人口/乡村常住人口	%	0.56
人口	乡村从业人员占比+	乡村从业人员/乡村常住人口	%	0.44
土地	乡村人均耕地+	耕地面积/乡村常住人口	hm²/人	0.59
土地	乡村人均居民点用地-	乡村居民点面积/乡村常住人口	hm²/人	0.41
产业	乡村人均粮食产量+	粮食总产量/乡村常住人口	t/人	0.35
	乡村人均肉产量+	肉产量/乡村常住人口	t/人	0.32
	单位耕地面积机械总动力+	农业机械总动力/耕地面积	(kw·h)/hm²	0.33

耦合类型	2000年		2010年		2015年
耦合类型	(0.5, 0.8]	(0.8, 1）	(0.5, 0.8]	(0.8, 1）	(0.5, 0.8]	（0.8, 1）
低中低	1.98	44.22		2.95	0.33	4.01
低中中				0.33	0.67	1.00
低中高						0.33
中低低				1.64		1.34
中低中		0.33		0.33
中中低	0.99	51.82	0.33	58.03	1.00	49.16
中中中		0.66		9.18		12.37
中中高				0.33		1.34
中高低				0.33
高低低				0.98		1.34
高低中				0.66		1.00
高中低			0.33	17.70	0.33	16.05
高中中				6.89		9.03
高中高						0.33
高高低						0.33