农业干旱监测研究进展与展望

doi:10.11821/dlxb201511012

地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (11): 1835-1848.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201511012

农业干旱监测研究进展与展望

刘宪锋^1,²(), 朱秀芳^1,², 潘耀忠^1,²(), 李双双^1,³, 刘焱序⁴

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
2. 北京师范大学资源学院,北京 100875
3. 北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院,北京 100875
4. 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京 100871

收稿日期:2015-07-07 修回日期:2015-08-16 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-11-20
作者简介:
作者简介：刘宪锋(1986-), 男, 黑龙江鹤岗人, 博士, 主要从事资源环境遥感、灾害遥感研究。E-mail:liuxianfeng7987@163.com
基金资助:
国家“高分辨率对地观测系统”重大专项资助项目

Agricultural drought monitor: Progress, challenges and prospect

Xianfeng LIU^1,²(), Xiufang ZHU^1,², Yaozhong PAN^1,²(), Shuangshuang LI^1,³, Yanxu LIU⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
4. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2015-07-07 Revised:2015-08-16 Published:2015-11-20 Online:2015-11-20
Supported by:
Major Project of High-resolution Earth Observation System

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文全面分析了农业干旱的概念内涵及其与其他干旱类型之间的关系,进而从基于站点监测和基于遥感监测两个方面,系统梳理了国内外农业干旱监测的近今进展,对比了不同干旱监测指标的适用范围和局限性;同时,通过文献统计和重要文献引用揭示了国内外农业干旱监测研究的发展历程和最新进展,即农业干旱监测指标从传统的单一气象监测指标逐渐向气象与遥感相结合的综合监测指标转变。最后,在分析农业干旱监测现有挑战和困境的基础上,将农业干旱监测未来发展趋向归纳为5点展望,即进一步明晰农业干旱发生机理和受旱过程、识别农业干旱影响因素及其相互作用关系、构建多时空尺度农业干旱监测模型、耦合农业干旱定性表征与定量评估模型以及提高农业干旱监测模型中遥感数据的应用水平。

关键词: 农业干旱, 干旱监测, 研究进展, 研究展望

Abstract:

In this paper, we compared the concept of agricultural drought and its relationship with other types of drought, and discussed research progress in agricultural drought monitoring from the site-based and remote sensing aspects, respectively. The applicability and limitations of different drought monitoring indexes were also compared. Results showed that the site-based drought index has experienced a long development history and become the main way of monitoring drought. Meanwhile, the remote sensing based drought index was mainly established from two aspects, soil water and crop water, and has achieved good results in agricultural drought monitoring. In addition, through mathematical statistics and document comparison, the development and latest progress of agricultural drought monitoring has been revealed, suggesting a transformation of agricultural drought monitoring from traditional single meteorological monitoring indicators to integrated meteorology and remote sensing monitoring indicators, mainly reflected in the introduction of multisource data and the innovation of research methods. The applicability and limitations of comprehensive drought monitoring indexes established in recent years were also discussed. Finally, through the analysis of current challenges in agricultural drought monitoring, future research prospects in agricultural drought monitoring are proposed, including further investigating the mechanism of agricultural drought, identifying the influences of agricultural drought, developing a multi spatiotemporal scale agricultural drought monitoring model, coupling the qualitative and quantitative agricultural drought evaluation models, and improving the application level of remote sensing data in agricultural drought monitoring.

Key words: agricultural drought, drought monitor, research progress, research prospect

刘宪锋, 朱秀芳, 潘耀忠, 李双双, 刘焱序. 农业干旱监测研究进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(11): 1835-1848.

Xianfeng LIU, Xiufang ZHU, Yaozhong PAN, Shuangshuang LI, Yanxu LIU. Agricultural drought monitor: Progress, challenges and prospect[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(11): 1835-1848.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

国内外主要气象和农业干旱监测指数

指标名称	提出时间	主要作者	指标含义
降水距平	1906	Henry^[20]	任何21天或更长天数期间发生的降水等于或少于此间正常值的30%。
Palmer干旱指数 (PDSI)	1965	Palmer^[28]	表征一段时间内,某区域实际水分供应持续地少于当地气候适应水分供应的水分亏缺。
作物水分指数 (CMI)	1968	Palmer^[29]	该指数利用水平衡模式分析作物干旱状况,主要用于农业干旱监测。
作物缺水指数 (CWSI)	1988	Jackson^[34]	在水分能量平衡原理基础上,综合考虑土壤水分和农田蒸散的关系,来表征作物水分亏缺状况。
Z指数	1990	幺枕生^[70]	该指数假设降水量整体上服从Person III型分布,通过对降水量进行正态化处理来确定干旱指数。
标准降水指数 (SPI)	1993	McKee^[35]	表征某时段降水量出现的概率多少的指标,适合于月以上尺度相对当地气候状况的干旱监测。
水分亏缺指数 (WDI)	1994	Moran^[47]	该指数考虑到作物缺水指数中多数理论参数与植被覆盖度的近线性关系,结合地表和空气之间的温差与植被指数而建立的干旱监测指标。
植被条件指数 (VCI)	1995	Kogan^[71]	该指数克服了距平植被指数和标准植被指数的不足,能有效监测干旱及降水的时空分布特征。
归一化差值水分指数(NDWI)	1996	Gao^[48]	通过引入短波红外波段,更有效提取植被冠层的水分含量,在植被冠层受水分胁迫时,能及时地相应。
CI指数	1998	张强^[39]	该指数综合利用标准降水指数和相对湿度指数,适合用于实时气象干旱监测和历史同期气象干旱评估。
温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)	2002	Sandholt^[56]	指由植被覆盖度和地表温度所确定的干边和湿边方程,来表征作物水分胁迫状况的指标。
植被供水指数 (VSWI)	2004	Haboudane	该指数是综合地表温度监测指标和植被指数监测指标的一种用于农业干旱监测的综合指标。
自适应帕尔默干旱指数(SC-PDSI)	2004	Wells^[32]	该指数是PDSI的修正版,能够根据不同区域的气候特点进行选取模型校正参数。
K指数	2007	王劲松^[40]	该指数用季节降水量的相对变率与蒸发量的相对变率的比值定义,用于研究气象和农业干旱。
植被干旱响应指数(VegDRI)	2008	Brown^[59]	综合考虑植被指数、气象干旱指数和土壤有效持水量等信息,通过信息挖掘技术进行干旱监测。
标准降水蒸散指数(SPEI)	2010	Vicente-Serrano^[36]	表征某时段水分亏缺出现的概率多少的指标,适合月以上尺度相对当地气候状况的干旱监测。

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

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农业干旱监测研究进展与展望

Agricultural drought monitor: Progress, challenges and prospect

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