上海城中村外来人口的社会融合及其影响因素

doi:10.11821/dlxb201508005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于上海市城中村的实地调查数据,采用因子分析法,构建了外来人口的社会融合维度,并运用多元线性回归方法,从外来人口的个体因素和流入地因素两方面考察了对社会融合及其主因子的影响作用。分析结果表明,城中村外来人口的社会融合由社会关系融合、经济融合、心理融合和文化融合4个维度构成。从因子得分来看,上海城中村的社会融合程度总体水平并不高;在各个维度上,从社会关系、心理、文化到经济的融合程度依次降低。总体而言,流入地因素对于城中村外来人口社会融合的影响作用要大于个体层面因素。其中,个体层次因素对心理融合因子的解释力度最大,而流入地因素则对经济融合因子和社会关系融合因子的解释力度都较大。研究还表明外来人口的社会融合状况与其居住社会空间紧密相关。最后,提供了相关政策启示。

关键词: 城市外来人口, 社会融合, 城中村, 影响因素, 上海

Abstract:

Through questionnaire investigation and factor analysis, this paper attempts to explore the status of social integration of migrants in Shanghai's urban villages. The results show that social integration of migrants can be mapped on four dimensions: social relation integration, economic integration, psychological integration, and cultural integration. According to the factor scores, the overall level of social integration of migrants is not so high, and economic integration is the lowest one. Furthermore, the results of multiple linear regression analysis show that, on the whole, the inflow factors of migrants exert more influence on social integration in urban villages than the individual factors. The individual factors play the most important roles in determining the status of psychological integration, while the inflow factors are more helpful to explain the variation in both economic integration and social relation integration. The study also shows that the social integration of migrants is closely related to their living space. Finally, some policies are suggested.

Key words: rural migrants, social integration, urban villages, influencing factors

汪明峰, 程红, 宁越敏. 上海城中村外来人口的社会融合及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(8): 1243-1255.

Mingfeng WANG, Hong CHENG, Yuemin NING. Social integration of migrants in Shanghai's urban villages[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(8): 1243-1255.

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指标名称	取值范围	均值	标准差
X₁收入高低程度	1~4	2.83	1.041
X₂职业稳定程度	1~4	2.64	1.065
X₃职业阶层	1~3	1.70	0.917
X₄社区交友范围	1~10	6.57	1.575
X₅社区成员友好程度	1~5	3.60	0.580
X₆邻里支持程度	1~5	3.31	0.731
X₇社区成员具有相同观念和习惯	1~5	3.24	0.678
X₈社区成员身份认同程度	1~5	2.55	1.121
X₉社区长久居住意愿度	1~5	2.79	1.133
X₁₀互联网使用状况	0~1	0.14	0.344
X₁₁法律意识	0~2	1.14	0.423

变量属性	变量名称	取值	样本数或均值
个体因素	性别女(参照组)	0	69个
	男	1	406个
	婚姻状况未婚(参照组)	0	63个
	已婚	1	412个
	文化程度小学或未受过教育(参照组)	0	83个
	初中	1	188个
	高中、中专	2	149个
	大专及以上	3	55个
	职业培训无职业技能培训经验(参照组)	0	399个
	有工作培训	1	76个
	年龄	16~64	36.50岁
	户口性质外地农村户口(参照组)	0	405个
	外地城镇户口	1	70个
	亲人相伴数	1~6	2.50人
	住沪时间	1~25	6.01年
流入地因素	社会保障拥有数	0~6	1.31项
	流入地社会支持度	0~9	1.39
	社区活动参与度	1~5	2.71
	家庭月收入	800~20000	4647.24元

自变量	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	共同度
X₁收入高低程度	-0.022	0.787	-0.101	0.191	0.666
X₂职业稳定程度	0.035	0.761	0.007	0.072	0.585
X₃职业阶层	0.015	0.781	0.116	-0.125	0.639
X₄社区交友范围	0.729	-0.044	0.293	-0.012	0.619
X₅社区成员友好程度	0.781	0.031	-0.023	0.030	0.612
X₆邻里支持程度	0.764	-0.078	0.255	-0.018	0.655
X₇社区成员具有相同观念和习惯	0.744	0.117	-0.153	-0.062	0.594
X₈社区成员身份认同程度	0.45	-0.070	0.801	-0.009	0.887
X₉社区长久居住意愿度	0.253	0.111	0.793	-0.028	0.705
X₁₀互联网使用状况	0.151	0.122	-0.139	0.693	0.537
X₁₁法律意识	-0.195	-0.015	0.104	0.725	0.575
特征值	2.662	1.863	1.499	1.069
方差贡献率(%)	23.62	17.31	13.54	9.28
累积方差贡献率(%)	23.62	40.93	54.47	63.75

	F₁社会关系融合	F₂经济融合	F₃心理融合	F₄文化融合	社会融合程度
均值	59.54	25.76	53.03	32.74	45.51
标准差	16.84	16.00	19.27	16.89	16.47

自变量		社会关系融合因子	经济融合因子	心理融合因子	文化融合因子	社会融合程度
个体因素	文化程度(小学及以下)
	#初中	0.12^**		0.06^*		0.15^**
	#高中、中专	0.20^**			0.10^**	0.24^***
	#大专及以上	0.24^**	0.17^***		0.15^**	0.28^***
	年龄	0.14^*			-0.12**	0.09^*
	户口性质(农村)		0.10^*	-0.77^***		-0.37^**
	亲人相伴数		0.32^***	0.08^*		0.20^***
	住沪时间	0.09^*		0.16^**		0.10^*
流入地因素	社会保障拥有数		0.22^*			0.19^*
	社区活动参与度	0.42^***		0.15^*		0.39^**
	家庭收入	-0.13^*	0.49^***	-0.07^**	0.24^***	0.40^***
常数项		30.17	1.97	51.41	42.64	21.60
F检验值		156.66^**	268.79^***	233.50^**	27.85^*	262.12^***
调整后的R²		0.471	0.629	0.662	0.080	0.592