1991年来台商在大陆直接投资区位选择及驱动机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201406010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用1991-2011 年台商大陆投资资料，分析在较长时间尺度上、随台海局势不断变化，台商对大陆直接投资行为的转变，并从大陆整体层面及各经济区两个空间尺度进行驱动机制变化研究。结果表明：自1991 年起，台商在大陆地区投资规模（尤其是投资金额）显著上升，累计金额呈“T”字型分布；TDI 在大陆分布存在一定的空间集聚及明显的“核心—外围—边缘”梯度结构，投资热点及次热点均向北推移，热点最终停留于长三角地区。台商在大陆直接投资的主要驱动因素由前期（1991-2000）的地区电信发展水平、市场规模、劳动力成本、电力供应水平、高素质劳动力、政策环境、对外开放度，以及交通运输水平，转变为后期（2001-2011）的前期台资累积量、对外开放水平、地区市场规模、高素质劳动力、劳动力成本、区域政策环境、电力供应水平，以及产业集聚水平。具体至各经济区，其不同要素的发展水平对TDI的吸引程度不同，文化距离因素的影响仍然存在。

关键词: 格局演化, 驱动机制, 台商直接投资(TDI), 区位选择, 中国大陆地区

Abstract: Using the data of TDI (Taiwan's direct investment) in the Chinese Mainland for recent 20 years, this article analyzes the changes in behavior, as well as the drive mechanism of TDI in the Chinese Mainland on two spatial scales. ESDA analysis model was adopted for analyzing the spatial pattern evolvement of TDI in the Chinese Mainland. The results show that since 1991, the scale of TDI, especially the amount scale, has risen significantly. The accumulative amount of TDI presents a T-shaped spatial pattern. The spatial distribution of TDI presents a spatial autocorrelation and a clear core-periphery-edge model. The hotspots spread towards north during the past 21 years, and are eventually concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region. This article establishes a driving mechanism system by using grey relational analysis to examine the changes in evolution pattern as well as the driving mechanism of TDI. The major driving forces are communication development, regional market size, labor costs, electricity supply, policy environment, regional opening-up degree, and transportation infrastructure in the initial stage (1991-2000). The importance of TDI driving forces changed in the later stage (2001-2011), the main driving forces arranged in the order of importance are accumulation of prophase TDI, regional opening-up degree, regional market size, highly qualified labor force, labor costs, regional policy environment, electricity supply, and industrial agglomeration. Main driving forces differ in different economic zones, so the effects of cultural distances should not be neglected.

Key words: TDI, locational choice, driving mechanism, spatial pattern evolvement, Chinese Mainland

陈嘉, 韦素琼, 陈松林. 1991年来台商在大陆直接投资区位选择及驱动机制[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(6): 838-849.

CHEN Jia, WEI Suqiong, CHEN Songlin. The locational choice and driving forces mechanism of TDI in the Chinese Mainland for recent 20 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(6): 838-849.

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