40 kaBP来亚非季风演化趋势及青藏高原泛湖期

doi:10.11821/xb200406004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于18个黄土/古土壤序列 (黄土高原与青藏高原) 与27个湖泊沉积序列 (青藏高原、新疆、云南与赤道非洲及其以北的非洲季风区) 对比分析了东亚季风区、印度季风区与非洲季风区40 ka以来的区域环境演变特征。结果显示：上述区域在对应岁差周期的高太阳辐射阶段，也就是40~24 kaBP与14~4 kaBP分别经历了一次环境湿润期，而在末次冰期最盛期，除中国云南、青藏高原及新疆部分地区外，其他地区则较为干燥。青藏高原及其北侧的新疆区，40~24 kaBP比14~4 kaBP气候更为湿润，湖泊呈现40 ka以来的最高最大湖面，高原进入一次泛湖期。而非洲区及黄土高原，则与此相反；14~4 kaBP气候比40~24 kaBP更为湿润、适宜，湖面更高，成壤作用更强。40~24 kaBP，印度季风强盛，加强了对高原的水汽与潜热输送，同时，由于北方冰盖的存在，西风气流则相对南移，增加了对高原的影响，两种气流交互作用引起的强降水，可能是造成湖泊显著扩张的主要原因。

关键词: 亚非大陆, 青藏高原, 封闭湖泊流域, 夏季风, 西风气流, 泛湖期

Abstract:

Based on a literature survey of 22 lacustrine sediment records from the Tibetan Plateau, its northern adjacent region--Xinjiang, and equatorial Africa and northern African area, and 18 loess-palaeosoil profiles from the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau, the paper analyzes palaeocliamtic oscillations in Asian and African monsoon areas since 40 kaBP. The result indicates that lakes status records and loess-plaeosoil records showed regionally similar patterns of climate changes over the last 40 ka in Chinese monsoon areas and African monsoon area. These areas, at 40-24 kaBP and 12-4 kaBP respectively, corresponding with high insolation of precessional cycle at summer half year, experienced moist climate regime. In the Tibetan Plateau and its northern neighbor, Xinjiang area, at 40-24 kaBP, with highest lake level, the greatest lake area and several lakes groups came into being for lake water overfall between adjacent catchments over the last 40 ka, moister than 12-4 kaBP, which was called by many pioneer research workers of the Tibetan Plateau, the pan-lakes regime. However, in the Loess Plateau and African monsoon region, there occurred a converse evolution of climate change: it was wetter at 12-4.0 kaBP than 40-24 kaBP with the culmination of wetter condition appeared at 10-6.0 kaBP. 40-24 kaBP, a particular period for the Tibetan Plateau, for high insolation in summer over the Indian Ocean, the Indian monsoon was very strong and higher sea surface temperature occurred on the West Indian Ocean.

Key words: Asia and Africa, Tibetan Plateau, enclosed lake basin, summer monsoon, westerlies, pan-lake period

贾玉连,施雅风,马春梅,申洪源,吴敬禄. 40 kaBP来亚非季风演化趋势及青藏高原泛湖期[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 829-840.

JIA Yulian, SHI Yafeng, MA Chunmei, SHEN Hongyuan, WU Jinglu. Comparison of Palaeoclimatic Oscillations in Asian and African Monsoon Areas since 40 kaBP and Pan-lake Period of Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6): 829-840.

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