中国汽车制造业集聚与企业区位选择

doi:10.11821/dlxb201406011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文利用2001-2009 年《中国工业企业数据库》中汽车制造业企业有关数据，对近10 年来中国汽车制造业的空间布局进行描述，利用地理集中度指数和EG指数对产业集聚水平进行测算和分析后，发现中国汽车制造业的空间集聚水平呈现不断下降的趋势，零部件及配件制造业的集聚水平对汽车制造业具有决定性和先导性影响。针对零部件及配件制造业的特点，构建了基于地级以上城市为空间单元的新建企业区位选择模型，进行估计后发现：① 中国不存在类似欧美日等国家整车和零部件企业邻近的空间集中集聚现象；② 零部件制造业的劳动密集型特点显著，不利于产业生产率和专业化水平提高；③ 在不考虑集聚经济的条件下，市场规模和地方保护对新建企业的区位选择影响非常显著。在这些原因的共同作用下，使得中国汽车制造业的专业化水平和空间集聚程度越来越低。

关键词: 产业集聚, 区位选择, 汽车制造业, 空间布局

Abstract: Using the Chinese industrial enterprises database over the period 2001-2009, we analyze the spatial distribution of China's automobile manufacturing industry, by calculating the geographic concentration ratio and the EG index. We find the agglomeration level of China's automobile manufacturing industry has been falling over the period, and the motor vehicle parts manufacturing industry plays an essential role. To analyze the location choice of motor vehicle parts manufacturing start-ups, we build up the conditional logit model using the prefecture level data. The results indicate that: (1) unlike the U.S. and the European countries, the distributions of China's motor vehicle manufacturing firms and motor vehicle parts manufacturing firms are not spatially adjacent, (2) the motor vehicle parts manufacturing startups are labor intensive, which makes the industry's productivity and specialization inefficient, (3) not considering agglomeration economies, the market size and the local protectionism are positive and significant factors that influence the start-ups location choice. Due to all these factors, the specialization and the agglomeration level of China's automobile manufacturing industry is becoming lower.

Key words: spatial distribution, industrial agglomeration, automobile manufacturing industry, location choice

赵浚竹, 孙铁山, 李国平. 中国汽车制造业集聚与企业区位选择[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(6): 850-862.

ZHAO Junzhu, SUN Tieshan, LI Guoping. Agglomeration and firm location choice of China’s automobile manufacturing industry[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(6): 850-862.

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