植被对气候变化响应的地形调控作用

doi:10.11821/dlxb202309009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地形很大程度上导致了区域气候变化的空间异质性，从而影响植被对气候变化的响应。本文以青藏高原三江源地区为研究区，利用结构方程模型，探讨地形因子通过气温、降水对归一化差值植被指数的调控作用。研究表明：三江源地区坡度、坡向主要通过调控降水影响植被对气候变化的响应，而海拔主要通过调控气温影响植被对气候变化的响应。海拔的影响最大，其减缓了植被对气候变化的响应，总效应为-0.35；坡度次之，其加剧了植被对气候变化的响应，总效应为0.31；坡向的调控作用最小，总效应为0.03；地形因子的总影响为-0.01，即3类地形因子具有抵消效应。三江源地区在坡度5°~15°、阴坡和海拔3000~3500 m的条件下，地形因子对植被的调控作用最大，其效应分别为0.23、0.08和0.39。在坡度5°~15°和海拔4500~5000 m时，坡向通过调控降水使得植被对气候变化的响应最大；在坡度5°~15°、阴坡和海拔小于4000 m时，海拔通过调控气温加剧植被对气候的响应，在海拔大于4000 m时，海拔主要通过调控降水来减缓植被对气候的响应。本文可为山区植被对气候变化响应规律的研究提供基础。

关键词: 地形, NDVI, 气候响应, SEM, 调控作用, 三江源地区

Abstract:

Topography largely contributes to the spatial heterogeneity of regional climate change and thus influences the response of vegetation to climate change. In this paper, using Three-River Headwaters Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the study area, and structural equation modeling is utilized to explore the regulatory effect of topography factors on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index through temperature and precipitation. The study shows that slope and aspect in the Three-River Headwaters Region mainly affect the response of vegetation to climate change by regulating precipitation, while elevation mainly affects the response of vegetation to climate change by regulating temperature. Elevation has the largest effect, which slows down the response of vegetation to climate change, with a total effect of -0.35; slope has the second largest effect, which intensifies the response of vegetation to climate change, with a total effect of 0.31; aspect has the smallest regulatory effect, with a total effect of 0.03; the total effect of topographic factors is -0.01, indicating that the three types of topographic factors have offsetting effects. In the Three-River Headwaters Region, the effect of topographic factors on vegetation regulation is the largest at slopes 5°-15°, shady slope and elevations 3000-3500 m, and their effects are 0.23, 0.08 and 0.39, respectively. At slopes 5°-15° and elevations 4500-5000 m, the aspect makes the vegetation respond to climate change the most by regulating precipitation; at slopes 5°-15°, shady slope and elevation lower than 4000 m, the elevation intensifies the vegetation response to climate by regulating temperature, and at elevation more than 4000 m, the elevation slows down the vegetation response to climate mainly by regulating precipitation. This paper can provide a basis for the study of the response pattern of mountain vegetation to climate change.

Key words: topography, NDVI, climate response, SEM, regulatory effect, Three-River Headwaters Region

熊雪婷, 李传华, 陈佳豪. 植被对气候变化响应的地形调控作用[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(9): 2256-2270.

XIONG Xueting, LI Chuanhua, CHEN Jiahao. Topographic regulatory role of vegetation response to climate change[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(9): 2256-2270.

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