中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势

doi:10.11821/dlxb202309007

地理学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (9): 2223-2240.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202309007

中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势

蒋卫国¹(), 张泽¹, 凌子燕¹^,²(), 邓雅文¹

1.北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100875
2.南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室，南宁 530001

收稿日期:2023-05-18 修回日期:2023-09-05 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 凌子燕(1985-), 高级工程师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事湿地遥感与可持续发展等研究。E-mail: lingziyan@nnnu.edu.cn
作者简介:蒋卫国(1976-), 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事遥感大数据智能优化提取, 地理空间优化模拟、城市湿地与生态水文监测评估。E-mail: jiangweiguo@bnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2022);国家自然科学基金项目(42071393);国家自然科学基金项目(U1901219);国家自然科学基金项目(42101369)

Experience and future research trends of wetland protection and restoration in China

JIANG Weiguo¹(), ZHANG Ze¹, LING Ziyan¹^,²(), DENG Yawen¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China

Received:2023-05-18 Revised:2023-09-05 Published:2023-09-25 Online:2023-09-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2022);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071393);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901219);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101369)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地是人类重要的自然资源，在陆地生态系统中发挥着不可替代的生态功能。为遏制全球湿地继续丧失，国际组织和许多国家都采取了一系列重大保护修复举措。本文梳理了国际组织和部分国家湿地保护修复举措，全面诠释了中国湿地保护修复管理经验，提出湿地资源未来研究需要从国际前沿与国家战略、社会经济与智慧服务等层面展开。结果显示：① 1997—2023年27个国际湿地日为当年的湿地保护与管理提供新目标和新任务，1980—2022年14届国际《湿地公约》大会重要议题和成果为未来一段时期湿地发展提供新方向和新挑战。2023—2035年应该提升湿地生态功能，推动湿地可持续发展，攻克脆弱湿地生态系统生态修复技术瓶颈。② 1992—2022年是中国全面开启保护湿地修复新阶段，总体形成了“国家战略部署—法律政策建立—工程规划实施”具有中国特色的湿地保护修复经验，强调要从国家法律层面规定和编制对湿地长期保护的规划，创新修复治理技术和应用体系，多部门协同分工，有效解决湿地保护修复的复杂问题。③ 湿地未来趋势研究应该面向“联合国可持续发展目标和多个国际公约”促进湿地可持续发展的探索实践，面向“国家战略需求和地方社会经济高质量发展”促进湿地保护修复管理服务，面向“学科发展—全域监管—综合评估—智慧决策”的交叉融合和学术创新发展研究。

关键词: 《湿地公约》, 湿地空间, 湿地保护修复, 湿地高质量发展, 湿地可持续发展, 湿地未来研究趋势

Abstract:

Wetland is an important natural resource for human beings and plays an irreplaceable ecological function in the terrestrial ecosystem. In order to curb the continued loss of wetlands around the world, international organizations and many countries have taken a series of major protection and restoration measures. This paper reviews the wetland protection and restoration measures of international organizations and some countries, comprehensively interprets China's wetland protection and restoration management experience, and proposes that future research on wetland resources should be carried out from the aspects of international frontier and national strategy, social economy and intelligent services. The results show that: (1) The 27 International Wetlands Day from 1997 to 2023 provide new goals and tasks for the protection and management of wetlands in corresponding years. The important topics and outcomes of the 14 International Convention on Wetlands Conferences from 1980 to 2022 provide new directions and new challenges for wetland development in the coming period. In the future, we should enhance ecological functions of wetlands, promote the sustainable development of wetlands, and overcome the technical bottleneck of ecological restoration of fragile wetland ecosystems from 2020 to 2035. (2) During the 30-year period from 1992 to 2022, China embarked on a new phase of wetland protection and restoration. The overall experience of wetland protection and restoration with Chinese characteristics has been formed through "national strategic deployment-legal policy establishment-project planning and implementation". Emphasis was placed on the need to provide for and prepare planning for the long-term protection of wetlands at the national legal level, to innovate restoration and management techniques and application systems, and to effectively address the complex issues of wetland protection and restoration through collaborative division of labor among multiple departments. (3) The research on the future trend of wetlands should be directed towards the exploration and practice of "United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and several international conventions" in support of the sustainable development of wetlands. Wetland protection, restoration and management services should be promoted for "national strategic needs and local social and economic high-quality development". Research on the cross-integration and academic innovation development also should be enhanced for "disciplinary development - global supervision - comprehensive assessment-intelligent decision-making".

Key words: convention on wetlands, wetland space, wetland protection and restoration management experience, wetland high-quality development, wetland sustainable development, future research trends in wetlands

蒋卫国, 张泽, 凌子燕, 邓雅文. 中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(9): 2223-2240.

JIANG Weiguo, ZHANG Ze, LING Ziyan, DENG Yawen. Experience and future research trends of wetland protection and restoration in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(9): 2223-2240.

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	美国	加拿大	英国	澳大利亚	法国	巴西
湿地主管部门	环境保护署	环境资源部	环境部	农业环境部	自然与环境保护部	环境部
湿地法律政策	《清洁水法》《湿地转农用法》《沿岸湿地保护法》《洪积平原与湿地保护法》等	《联邦环境影响评价法》《水企业法》《萨斯咯彻温省环境评价法》等	《自然保育法》《野生动物和农村法》《水资源法》《自然环境与偏僻社区法令》等	《国家湿地政策》《环境与生物多样性保护法》等	《国家公园法》《法国环境发电》等	《巴西水体保护法》《环境基本法》《国家保护区战略计划》等
湿地管理制度	湿地开发许可制度、湿地补偿银行制度	湿地分级分类保护区制度、湿地开发许可制度	类型化湿地自然保护区制度、湿地管理协议制度	湿地公共参与制度	自然保护地制度、国家公园制度	湿地开发许可制度、自然保护区制度
保护修复体系	建立湿地保护网络	国家公园体系、野生生物保护	湿地自然保护区网络	地方主导型湿地管理体系	自然保护区、生物多样性保护网络	-
保护修复工程	湿地计划规划(2020—2025年)	2011—2026年圣劳伦斯行动计划	-	-	国家湿地保护计划(2022—2026年)	巴西湿地保护和可持续利用战略(2018年)
保护修复重点	恢复新建、修复退化湿地	退化湿地恢复、湿地植被恢复	控制湿地生态功能退化	自然保护区建设与管理	自然保护区建立	湿地保护和可持续利用

中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势

Experience and future research trends of wetland protection and restoration in China

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