大食物观视角下中国耕地保护的分区调控与区间协同

doi:10.11821/dlxb202309003

地理学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (9): 2147-2162.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202309003

• 土地利用与“双碳”研究 • 上一篇下一篇

大食物观视角下中国耕地保护的分区调控与区间协同

朱晓华¹(), 张燕²^,³, 朱媛媛²^,³()

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
2.华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430079
3.湖北省发展和改革委员会/华中师范大学武汉城市圈研究院，武汉 430079

收稿日期:2023-01-30 修回日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 朱媛媛(1985-), 女, 河南兰考人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向为城乡融合发展与社会文化地理。E-mail: zhuyy990@126.com
作者简介:朱晓华(1972-), 男, 安徽郎溪人, 博士, 编审, 研究方向为地理学综合。E-mail: zhuxh@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171230);国家自然科学基金项目(42071170)

Regional regulation and interregional coordination of cultivated land protection in China from the perspective of "Greater Food" approach

ZHU Xiaohua¹(), ZHANG Yan²^,³, ZHU Yuanyuan²^,³()

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Process Analysis & Simulation Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
3. Academy of Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Hubei Development and Reform Commission & Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2023-01-30 Revised:2023-06-19 Published:2023-09-25 Online:2023-09-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171230);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071170)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粮食生产的根本在耕地，耕地保护是确保国家食物安全的基石。本文基于1987—2020年中国居民食物消费数据，引入虚拟土地概念及进口食物数据测算食物消费所需耕地面积和虚拟进口耕地，并探析该阶段中国全域和分区农业种植结构，在此基础上构建“大食物观”背景下中国耕地保护的分区调控与协同机制。中国居民膳食结构呈现出动物性食物消费量上升并逐渐以肉类为主的特征，由此研究发现关于耕地调控的结论如下：① 1987—2020年中国居民食物所需耕地面积逐渐逼近临界值，虚拟进口耕地增加近20倍，且耕地需求正在向多元化种植需求导向转变。② 中国全域农业种植结构尚未满足居民膳食消费需求，存在结构失衡、供给不足和库存过剩的问题，九大农区农业种植结构存在显著差异。③ 耕地保护转型应以保护现有耕地资源为基底，以种植结构转型、调控农区生产布局为主力，落实区间协同和保障适当的国际进口为辅助，以系统视角出发将耕地资源压力向生命共同体转移为核心，多方位构建中国耕地分区保护机制。文章可为制定食物均衡需求导向的耕地保护方略提供科学参考，为新时代保障国家食物安全和资源可持续利用提供理论菜单。

关键词: 大食物观, 耕地分区, 耕地保护, 中国

Abstract:

The foundation of food production lies in cultivated land, and the protection of cultivated land is the cornerstone to ensure national food security. Based on the food consumption data of Chinese residents from 1987 to 2020, this study introduced the concept of virtual land and imported food data to estimate the cultivated land area required for food and virtual imported cultivated land, and analyzed the overall and zonal agricultural planting structure of China at this stage. On this basis, it constructed the zonal regulation and coordination mechanism of cultivated land protection in China in the context of "Greater Food" approach. The Chinese dietary structure presented the characteristics of increasing animal food consumption and gradually focusing on meat. Therefore, this study found the following conclusions on the regulation of cultivated land: (1) From 1987 to 2020, the cultivated land required by the Chinese dietary structure gradually approached the critical value. The virtual imported cultivated land increased by nearly 20 times, and the cultivated land demand was changing to the orientation of diversified planting demand. (2) The total agricultural planting structure in China has not yet met the dietary consumption demand of residents, and there are problems of structural imbalance, insufficient supply, and excess inventory. There are significant differences in the agricultural planting structure of the nine major agricultural areas of China. (3) The transformation of cultivated land protection should take the protection of existing cultivated land resources as the base, the transformation of planting structure, the regulation of agricultural production layout as the main force, the implementation of regional coordination and the guarantee of appropriate international imports as the assistance, and the transfer of pressure on cultivated land resources to the living community as the core from a systematic perspective, so as to build a multi-directional protection mechanism for China's cultivated land. This study can provide a scientific reference for the formulation of cultivated land protection strategy oriented by food balance demand and provide a theoretical menu for ensuring national food security and sustainable resource utilization in the new era.

Key words: "Greater Food" approach, arable land zoning, cultivated land protection, China

朱晓华, 张燕, 朱媛媛. 大食物观视角下中国耕地保护的分区调控与区间协同[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(9): 2147-2162.

ZHU Xiaohua, ZHANG Yan, ZHU Yuanyuan. Regional regulation and interregional coordination of cultivated land protection in China from the perspective of "Greater Food" approach[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(9): 2147-2162.

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年份	粮食作物	蔬菜	水果	油料作物	糖料作物
2000年	59.6	平均损耗系数20%	平均损耗系数10%	21.0	12.5
2010年	75.8			30.6	14.5
2020年	89.7			38.4	18.0
平均值	75.0	80.0	90.0	30.0	15.0

食物类型	下限(g/d)	上限(g/d)	平均值(g/d)
粮食	200	300	250
蔬菜	300	500	400
瓜果	200	350	275
植物油	25	30	27.5
糖类	0	25	12.5
蛋类	40	75	57.5
奶类	300	500	400
畜禽肉类	40	75	57.5

大食物观视角下中国耕地保护的分区调控与区间协同

Regional regulation and interregional coordination of cultivated land protection in China from the perspective of "Greater Food" approach

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