地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (10): 2551-2567.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202110015
收稿日期:
2020-08-18
修回日期:
2021-06-06
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-12-25
通讯作者:
汪侠(1974-), 女, 安徽怀远人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向为旅游地理、城市与区域规划。E-mail: wangxia128@nju.edu.cn作者简介:
蔡佩汝(1996-), 女, 浙江温州人, 硕士生, 研究方向为儿童贫困时空差异。E-mail: caipeiru@smail.nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
CAI Peiru(), WANG Xia(
), YAN Yihan, ZHANG Ying
Received:
2020-08-18
Revised:
2021-06-06
Published:
2021-10-25
Online:
2021-12-25
Supported by:
摘要:
儿童是社会发展的未来,相对于具有劳动能力的成年人,儿童群体更易陷入严重的多维贫困状态,因此探讨儿童多维贫困的时空动态变化及其影响因素具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。以中国25个省、市、自治区为研究区,使用A-F法从住房、照料、教育、健康、营养维度对2010—2016年中国儿童多维贫困进行测度,并结合空间自相关、地理探测器等方法对其时空格局及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:① 2010—2016年中国东中西部儿童多维贫困指数均呈下降趋势,儿童多维贫困在住房、照料、教育、健康、营养各维度均得到有效改善;② 2010—2016年中国儿童多维贫困、各维度贫困存在空间分布差异,呈现“东—中—西”部儿童多维贫困指数阶梯式递增的空间特征;③ 2010—2016年中国城市、农村儿童多维贫困情况均得到改善,空间分布向着“东—中—西”贫困指数阶梯式递增的格局转变,但农村儿童多维贫困指数始终远高于城市;④ 家庭情况、城镇化水平是影响儿童多维贫困空间分异的重要因素,抚养能力、经济水平、教育环境是影响儿童多维贫困的次要因素。综合来看,各影响因素的交互作用对儿童多维贫困空间分异的影响远超过单因素,教育环境与抚养能力、城镇化水平与医疗资源、家庭情况与抚养能力为影响儿童多维贫困的主导交互因素。
蔡佩汝, 汪侠, 闫艺涵, 张颖. 中国儿童多维贫困时空格局变化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(10): 2551-2567.
CAI Peiru, WANG Xia, YAN Yihan, ZHANG Ying. Spatio-temporal pattern and its influencing factors of children multidimensional poverty in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(10): 2551-2567.
表2
中国儿童多维贫困指数指标体系
维度 | 指标 | 指标描述 | 剥夺情况 |
---|---|---|---|
住房 | 水源[ | 儿童所在家庭使用的饮用水源 | 1为没有安全饮用水,否则为0 |
燃料[ | 儿童所在家庭使用的生活燃料 | 1为生活燃料为柴草或煤,否则为0 | |
照料 | 父母照顾[ | 母亲或父亲对儿童的照顾情况 | 1为儿童一个月内未见到母亲或父亲,否则为0 |
家人关怀[ | 家人对儿童生活关怀频率 | 1为家人比较不或从不关怀儿童生活,否则为0 | |
教育 | 入学情况[ | 学龄儿童入学情况 | 1为儿童无法入学接受教育,否则为0 |
教育关注度[ | 父母对儿童教育情况的关注程度 | 1为父母不关心或较不关心孩子的教育,否则为0 | |
营养 | 身高[ | 儿童身高数据 | 1为儿童身高低于标准值,否则为0 |
体重[ | 儿童体重数据 | 1为儿童体重低于标准值,否则为0 | |
健康 | 医疗保险[ | 儿童医疗保险情况 | 1为家人未为儿童购买医疗商业保险或社会保险,否则为0 |
就医情况[ | 儿童生病就医情况 | 1为儿童生病时不能获得药物治疗或前往医院治疗,否则为0 |
表4
2010—2016年中国东中西部儿童多维贫困指数测度结果、标准差与变异系数
年份 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
指数 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 指数 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 指数 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | |||
2010 | 0.081 | 0.044 | 0.756 | 0.121 | 0.055 | 0.490 | 0.211 | 0.067 | 0.369 | ||
2012 | 0.070 | 0.043 | 0.872 | 0.096 | 0.047 | 0.516 | 0.173 | 0.062 | 0.434 | ||
2014 | 0.054 | 0.036 | 0.716 | 0.063 | 0.029 | 0.458 | 0.145 | 0.036 | 0.287 | ||
2016 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 0.802 | 0.049 | 0.021 | 0.443 | 0.103 | 0.032 | 0.367 |
表7
地理探测器的交互探测
交互因子 | q值 | 类型 | 交互因子 | q值 | 类型 | 交互因子 | q值 | 类型 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1∩x2 | 0.668 | BE | x2∩x7 | 0.752 | BE | x4∩x8 | 0.717 | BE |
x1∩x3 | 0.533 | BE | x2∩x8 | 0.778 | BE | x4∩x9 | 0.843 | BE |
x1∩x4 | 0.749 | BE | x2∩x9 | 0.773 | BE | x5∩x6 | 0.362 | BE |
x1∩x5 | 0.516 | BE | x3∩x4 | 0.801 | BE | x5∩x7 | 0.473 | BE |
x1∩x6 | 0.639 | BE | x3∩x5 | 0.675 | BE | x5∩x8 | 0.721 | BE |
x1∩x7 | 0.578 | BE | x3∩x6 | 0.660 | BE | x5∩x9 | 0.585 | BE |
x1∩x8 | 0.829 | BE | x3∩x7 | 0.644 | BE | x6∩x7 | 0.583 | BE |
x1∩x9 | 0.793 | BE | x3∩x8 | 0.839 | BE | x6∩x8 | 0.813 | BE |
x2∩x3 | 0.638 | BE | x3∩x9 | 0.710 | BE | x6∩x9 | 0.652 | BE |
x2∩x4 | 0.685 | BE | x4∩x5 | 0.662 | BE | x7∩x8 | 0.809 | BE |
x2∩x5 | 0.702 | BE | x4∩x6 | 0.791 | BE | x7∩x9 | 0.679 | BE |
x2∩x6 | 0.851 | NE | x4∩x7 | 0.768 | BE | x8∩x9 | 0.853 | BE |
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