横断山区泥石流空间格局和激发雨量分异性研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201911008

地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (11): 2303-2313.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201911008

• 山地水土要素时空耦合 • 上一篇下一篇

横断山区泥石流空间格局和激发雨量分异性研究

胡凯衡^1,²(),魏丽^1,^2,³,刘双^1,²,李秀珍^1,²

1. 中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都 610041
2. 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都 610041
3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-05-14 修回日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-11-01
通讯作者: 胡凯衡 E-mail:khhu@imde.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2015CB452704);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1505205);四川省九寨沟地震灾区生态化地质灾害防治重大科技支撑研究课题(KJ-2018-23)

Spatial pattern of debris-flow catchments and the rainfall amount of triggering debris flows in the Hengduan Mountains region

HU Kaiheng^1,²(),WEI Li^1,^2,³,LIU Shuang^1,²,LI Xiuzhen^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China
2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-05-14 Revised:2019-10-09 Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-11-01
Contact: HU Kaiheng E-mail:khhu@imde.ac.cn
Supported by:
The National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB452704);National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1505205);Major Research Program of Ecological Prevention against Geohazards in the Jiuzhaigou Earthquake Area by Sichuan Government(KJ-2018-23)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地形、降雨等环境因子决定了泥石流的时空分布特征,理解泥石流与这些因子的关系有助于区域泥石流灾害风险评估与防灾减灾工作。以横断山区为研究区域,选取降水、气候、地貌、地质、土地覆盖、土壤厚度、高差势能以及湿度指数等因子,利用地理探测器和灰度关联分析等方法,探讨了环境因子与泥石流沟空间分布的关系以及降水特征与泥石流灾害的时间关联性。结果表明,湿度指数是决定泥石流沟空间格局的最主要因子,其次是高差势能和土壤厚度,多年平均分布的降水特征对泥石流沟分布的影响较小。泥石流灾害事件与降水特征的时间关联具有较大的区域异质性。泥石流发生地的激发雨量、湿度指数、高差及土壤厚度的统计分布在不同地貌、地质和气候单元中有明显差异。这表明泥石流预警不仅需要考虑雨量等激发因子,还必须考虑其他影响因素的空间差异性。

关键词: 泥石流灾害, 环境因子, 降雨特征, 地理探测器, 灰色关联分析

Abstract:

Environmental factors determine the spatial and temporal distribution of debris flows. Understanding the relationship between debris flows and their effective factors is important for debris flows risk assessment at regional scale. In this paper, geographic detectors and gray correlation analysis are used to explore the relationship between 11 influencing factors, including precipitation, climate, landforms, geology, land cover type, soil thickness and topographic wetness, and the spatial distribution of debris flows-prone catchments, as well as the spatial and temporal correlation between precipitation and debris flows disasters in the Hengduan Mountains region. The results show that the topographic wetness index is the most dominant factor controlling the spatial distribution of the catchments, followed by topographic relief and soil thickness. Temporal correlation between debris flows disasters and precipitation characteristics has large regional heterogeneity. The rainfall characteristics of debris flows disaster events in different regions exhibit significant difference. The frequency of debris flows with rainfall, topographic wetness, topographic relief and soil thickness in the Hengduan Mountains region varies significantly in different zones, which indicates that not only the rainfall but also the other factors controlling the spatial pattern of debris flows should be reflected in debris flows early warning model in the region.

Key words: debris flows disaster, environmental factors, rainfall characteristics, geographical detectors, grey relational analysis

胡凯衡, 魏丽, 刘双, 李秀珍. 横断山区泥石流空间格局和激发雨量分异性研究[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(11): 2303-2313.

HU Kaiheng, WEI Li, LIU Shuang, LI Xiuzhen. Spatial pattern of debris-flow catchments and the rainfall amount of triggering debris flows in the Hengduan Mountains region[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(11): 2303-2313.

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区编号	最低海拔(m)	最高海拔(m)	海拔标准差(m)	气候类型	地貌类型	地质类型
子区1	322	6998	654	东部季风	云贵川高中山山原	华南和亲华南陆块群
子区2	669	4362	502	东部季风	云贵川高中山山原	冈瓦纳和亲冈瓦纳大陆陆块群
子区3	773	7447	767	东部季风	横断高山山原	华南和亲华南陆块群
子区4	290	5846	725	东部季风	横断高山山原	冈瓦纳和亲冈瓦纳大陆陆块群
子区5	1479	6144	491	青藏高寒	横断高山山原	华南和亲华南陆块群
子区6	1954	6629	471	青藏高寒	横断高山山原	冈瓦纳和亲冈瓦纳大陆陆块群

数据名称	时间	数据来源	数据格式
泥石流灾害事件	1998-2017	文献、新闻搜集	点状图层
泥石流沟		水工环地质信息服务平台	点状图层
年平均降雨量	1998-2017	TRMM 3B42v7	25 km×25 km格网
日降水量分别大于10 mm、25 mm及50 mm的20年平均总天数	1998-2017	TRMM 3B42v7	25 km×25 km格网
地貌分区	1989	文献[2]	面图层
地质分区	1989	文献[23]	面图层
气候分区	1989	文献[24]	面图层
土地覆盖	2000	寒区旱区科学数据中心	1 km×1 km格网
土壤厚度	2000	中山大学陆气相互作用研究工作组	10 km×10 km格网
高程	2000	STRM	90 m×90 m格网

横断山区泥石流空间格局和激发雨量分异性研究

Spatial pattern of debris-flow catchments and the rainfall amount of triggering debris flows in the Hengduan Mountains region

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