中国工业基地的甄别与演化模式

doi:10.11821/dlxb201806005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国工业化的快速进程在空间上表现为一系列工业基地的形成和演化。本文采用1985年、2001年和2010年数据,对中国工业基地进行识别、筛选和类型划分,并分析其空间格局演进过程与特征,探讨不同规模与不同类型工业基地成长的路径,总结其形成与演化的一般模式。研究发现：1949年以来中国工业基地在空间上整体经历了1978年改革开放前分散化发展、改革开放初期逐步向东部沿海地区集聚、21世纪均衡多元化发展3个阶段。至2010年,中国共有251个工业基地,奠定了其工业化的空间总图。随着工业基地产业规模扩大,其产业结构先由单一化向多元化发展,再由多元化向优势产业组合调整;多数工业基地的主导产业沿着轻工业、基础原材料工业和先进制造业的轨迹不断演进,其发展与演化的关键因素由自然资源、劳动力等传统生产要素向资本、信息等新因素过渡,但大、中、小型工业基地成长的路径和影响因素具有显著差异。小型工业基地主要依靠自然资源保持单行业主导的发展路径;中型工业基地产业组合逐步综合化;大型工业基地向基础原材料工业和设备制造业组合发展的方向演进。

关键词: 工业基地, 识别, 演化, 模式, 中国

Abstract:

The rapid process of China's industrialization is manifested in space as the formation and evolution of a series of industrial bases. The paper identifies and selects different industrial bases in China in 1985, 2001 and 2010. It then examines the evolution of these industrial bases and explores their evolution paths according to their scales or types, as well as summarizes the general pattern of its formation and evolution. The results indicate that the development of Chinese industrial bases have undergone four stages since the founding of the country: decentralization before the implementation of the reform and opening up policy; gradual gathering to the coastal areas in the early period of reform and opening up; balanced development from north to south since the beginning of the 21st century. Generally, industrial structure evolved from single to diversified development, combined the advantageous industries; the dominant sectors of industrial cities evolve from the light industry, basic raw material industry, to advanced manufacturing industries. Moreover, the essential factors of production are necessary, and the key factors are transformed from traditional production factors such as natural resources and labor forces, to new factors such as capital and information, with the expansion of industrial bases. The growth path and the impact factors for industrial bases of different sizes are different. The growth of small-sized bases maintains a single industry relied on natural resources; medium-sized bases tend to be sector integrated; the large bases are developing in industires of basic raw materials and equipment manufacturing.

Key words: industrial base, identification, evolution path, transition, China

中图分类号:

金凤君, 陈琳琳, 杨宇, 洪辉. 中国工业基地的甄别与演化模式[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(6): 1049-1064.

JIN Fengjun, CHEN Linlin, YANG Yu, HONG Hui. The classification and growth pattern of industrial bases in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(6): 1049-1064.

参考文献

[1]	Lu Dadao, et al.Theory and Practice of Regional Development in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2003.
[1]	[陆大道, 等. 中国区域发展的理论与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.]
[2]	Edilor Board of China's Geography. A Series Books on China's Economic Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 1954-1962.
[2]	[中华地理志编辑部. 内蒙、华北、华中、华东、华南、西南、西北、新疆各地区经济地理. 北京: 科学出版社, 1954-1962.]
[3]	Zhang Lei, Lu Dadao.Progress of China's industrial geography in the 20th century. Acta Geographica Sinca, 1999, 54(5): 391-400.
[3]	[张雷, 陆大道. 我国20世纪工业地理学的发展. 地理学报, 1999, 54(5): 391-400.]
[4]	Li Wenyan, et al.China's Industrial Geography. Beijing: Science Press.,1990.
[4]	[李文彦, 等. 中国工业地理. 北京: 科学出版社, 1990.]
[5]	Wang Jici.Discussion on the layout and site selection of China's petroleum chemical fiber industry. Economic Geography, 1982, 2(3): 194-199.
[5]	[王缉慈. 试述我国石油化纤工业的布局和选址问题. 经济地理, 1982, 2(3): 194-199.]
[6]	Guo Tengyun, Lu Dadao, Zhou Shikuan.A study on the development of raw and semifinished materials industries and construction of its production bases along coastal areas in China. Science and Technology Review, 1998(7): 48-52.
[6]	[郭腾云, 陆大道, 周世宽. 我国沿海地区原材料工业发展及其生产基地建设研究. 科技导报, 1998(7): 48-52.]http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=3173666
[7]	Zhang Wenzhong, Dong Keguo, Tian Shanchuan.Development and evolution of spatial distribution of Chinese petrochemical industry. Geographical Research, 2009, 28(5): 1378-1388.
[7]	[张文忠, 董科国, 田山川. 中国石化工业发展和区位变迁轨迹. 地理研究, 2009, 28(5): 1378-1388.]
[8]	Pred A R.The Spatial Dynamics of UrbanIndustrial Growth 1800-1914: Interpretive and Theoretical Essays. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966.http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2307/142616
[9]	Boschma R A, Van der Knaap G A. New technology and windows of locational opportunity: Indeterminacy, creativity and chance//Reynders J. Economics and Evolution. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1997.
[10]	Grabher G.The weakness of strong ties: The lockin of regional development in the Ruhr area//Grabher G. The Embedded Firm on the Socio-economics of Industrial Networks. New York: Routledge, 1993.
[11]	Scott A J.New Industrial Spaces: Flexible Production Organization and Regional Development in North America and Europe. London: Pion, 1988.http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2307/143783
[12]	Wang Qingyun.Identification of China's old industrial base and city. Macroeconomics, 2007(5): 3-7.
[12]	[王青云. 我国老工业基地城市界定研究. 宏观经济研究, 2007(5): 3-7.]http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=24537305
[13]	Li Chenggu.A study on the mechanism of recession and structure transformation of Northeast old industrial base. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1996, 16(2): 106-114.
[13]	[李诚固. 东北老工业基地衰退机制与结构转换研究. 地理科学, 1996, 16(2): 106-114.]http://www.cqvip.com/qk/95809X/199602/2103630.html
[14]	Jin Fengjun, Zhang Pingyu, Fan Jie, et al.Study on the Revitalization and Sustainability of Northeast China. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2006.
[14]	[金凤君, 张平宇, 樊杰, 等. 东北地区振兴与可持续发展战略研究. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2006.]
[15]	Jin Fengjun, Chen Mingxing, Wang Jiao'e. Key Issues of Northeast China Development. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2012.
[15]	[金凤君, 陈明星, 王姣娥. 东北地区发展的重大问题研究. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2012.]
[16]	Li Chenggu, Li Peixiang, Tan Xuelan, et al.Situation and countermeasures of industrial structure adjustment and escalation of Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003, 23(1): 7-12.
[16]	[李诚固, 李培祥, 谭雪兰, 等. 东北地区产业结构调整与升级的趋势及对策研究. 地理科学, 2003, 23(1): 7-12.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_dlkx200301002.aspx
[17]	Zhang Pingyu, Ma Yanji, Liu Wenxin, et al.New urbanization strategy for revitalizing the traditional industrial base of Northeast China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(Suppl.1): 109-115.
[17]	[张平宇, 马延吉, 刘文新, 等. 振兴东北老工业基地的新型城市化战略. 地理学报, 2004, 59(Suppl.1): 109-115.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlxb2004z1015
[18]	Jin Fengjun, Lu Dadao.Development of resource-based cities under the revitalization policy of Northeast China industrial base. Science & Technology Review, 2004(10): 4-6.
[18]	[金凤君, 陆大道. 东北老工业基地振兴与资源型城市发展. 科技导报, 2004(10): 4-6.]
[19]	Jin Fengjun, Chen Mingxing.The evaluation of reginal policy in Northeast China since 2003. Economic Geography, 2010, 30(8): 1259-1265.
[19]	[金凤君, 陈明星. “东北振兴”以来东北地区区域政策评价研究. 经济地理, 2010, 30(8): 1259-1265.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jjdl201008005
[20]	Wang Chengjin, Wang Wei.Developing level of old industrial cities and decline mechanism. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(8): 1275-1288.
[20]	[王成金, 王伟. 中国老工业城市的发展状态评价及衰退机制. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(8): 1275-1288.]
[21]	He Canfei, Pan Fenghua, Sun Lei.Geographical concentration of manufacturing industries in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(12): 1253-1264.
[21]	[贺灿飞, 潘峰华, 孙蕾. 中国制造业的地理集聚与形成机制. 地理学报, 2007, 62(12): 1253-1264.]
[22]	He Canfei, Zhu Yangang, Zhu Shengjun.Industrial attributes, provincial characteristics and industrial agglomeration in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(10): 1218-1228.
[22]	[贺灿飞, 朱彦刚, 朱晟君. 产业特性、区域特征与中国制造业省区集聚. 地理学报, 2010, 65(10): 1218-1228.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlxb201010007
[23]	Chen Linlin.The identification and evolution mode of industrial bases in China [D]. Beijing: The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016.
[23]	[陈琳琳. 中国工业基地的甄别及其演化模式[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2016.]
[24]	Zhang Wenzhong.Theory and Practice of Industrial Development and Planning. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
[24]	[张文忠. 产业发展和规划的理论与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.]
[25]	国务院老工业基地研究课题组.《全国老工业基地调整改造规划(2013-2022年)》[EB/OL], 2013, 03.18. .http://bgt.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/201304/t20130402_535690.html
[25]	[The Research Group of the Old Industrial Base of the State Council. Plan for the Adjustment and Reconstruction of the Old Industrial Bases throughout the Country (2013-2022). ]http://bgt.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/201304/t20130402_535690.html
[26]	Lu Dadao. Fan Jie.2050: The Regional Development in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
[26]	[陆大道, 樊杰. 2050年: 中国的区域发展. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.]http://162.105.138.200/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/5?searchdata1=^C2371570