Tourism resources, the basic elements of tourism activities, determine the benefits of the development and utilization of tourism resources. The relationship between tourism resources and major national strategies has become increasingly close. Establishing a new viewpoint of tourism resources is a re-understanding and re-practice of regional development practices, which can put forward a new topic for tourism resources research. We sorted out and summarized the development context of tourism resources research under the traditional view of tourism resources. The results showed that: (1) The research contents of tourism resources are constantly enriched, and the research directions are becoming more and more diversified. Basic research actively makes great contributions to serve the national major strategies, as well as regional economic and social development. To a certain extent, the positive interaction between "theory guides practice" and "practice enriches theory" has been realized. (2) The new concept of tourism resources refers to the dynamic process of people integrating, configuring, reorganizing and optimizing tourism resources from different sources, levels, structures, and contents under the background of scientific and technological progress, changes in value concepts, increased tourism demand, and per capita income. It is regarded as an active response of people's cognition to the changes of tourism resource characteristics. The new outlook on tourism resources is a fundamental breakthrough to the traditional view of tourism resources, presenting new viewpoints on resource value, new resource utilization, new resource development, new resource benefits and new resource space. (3) This paper constructs a "five-dimensional integration" tourism resources research system from a new perspective of tourism resources, especially the value conversion of tourism resources, the sustainable use of tourism resources, the integrated development of tourism resources, the regional benefits of tourism resources, and the spatial reconstruction of tourism resources. It aims to strengthen the cross-regional aggregation, competition and integration of tourism resources, and to reveal the interaction mechanism of the development and utilization of cross-regional tourism resources. (4) There are some new problems and topics in the development and utilization of tourism resources in the new perspective of tourism resources. The integration of multiple disciplines and the introduction of new methods is an inevitable trend for comprehensive, dynamic, regional and systematic research on the development and utilization of tourism resources.

旅游资源是旅游活动的基本要素,决定着旅游资源开发利用的综合效益。旅游资源与国家重大战略的关系日益密切,树立新旅游资源观是对区域发展实践的再认识和再实践,能够为旅游资源研究提出新的课题。梳理与总结传统旅游资源观视角下旅游资源研究成果的发展脉络,研究发现：（1）旅游资源研究内容不断丰富,研究方向日益多元,在开展基础研究的同时,积极为服务国家重大战略和区域经济社会发展做出重要贡献,一定程度上实现了“理论指导实践”与“实践完善理论”的良性互动局面。（2）新旅游资源观是指在科学技术进步、价值观念变革、旅游需求提升、人均收入提高等背景下,人们对不同来源、不同结构、不同层次的旅游资源进行整合、配置、重组和优化的动态过程,表现为人们的思维认知对旅游资源性状改变的一种能动响应。新旅游资源观是对传统旅游资源观的根本突破,呈现出新旅游资源价值观、新旅游资源利用观、新旅游资源发展观、新旅游资源效益观和新旅游资源空间观等特征。（3）从旅游资源价值转化、旅游资源可持续利用、旅游资源融合发展、旅游资源区域效益、旅游资源空间重构等方面构建新旅游资源观视角下的“五维一体”的旅游资源研究内容体系,强化旅游资源的跨区域聚合、竞合与融合,揭示跨区域旅游资源开发利用的相互作用机理。（4）面对新旅游资源观视角下旅游资源开发利用过程中出现的新问题和新课题,多学科交叉融合与新方法引进是开展旅游资源开发利用综合性、动态性、区域性和系统性研究的必然趋势。

In the perspective of space of flows, the passenger flow of high-speed rail has become an important representation of functional linkage between the city-regions. Based on the interviews and questionnaires from the passengers of high-speed rail of Beijing and Tianjin, this paper analyzes the intercity space of flows and the spatial integration indicated by the individual micro behavior choice. The findings include: (1) Both of the metropolitan areas of Beijing and Tianjin are the dense areas of intercity passenger flow while suburban counties and districts are the sparse areas, which indicates the spatial polarization of HSR in the aspect of passengers' characteristics; The central city of Beijing-Tianjin is the dominant spatial association, while Beijing-Tanggu, Beijing-Wuqing and Tianjin-Wuqing corridors are the secondary spatial association axes, which presents a hub-and-spoke pattern. (2) Leisure activities, such as tourism, shopping, enhance the cross-city flows. Although intercity high-speed rail reduces the temporal and spatial distance to a certain extent, the effects on changing place of housing or work to another city are not obvious. (3) The frequency of cross-city activities is not very high, commuters across cities generally take 7 days as a cycle; Currently, passenger flows of intercity by HSR are mainly business travel and leisure tourism, which reflects HSR as the material foundation for the spaces of flows; the respondents who take the HSR are mostly male, business people with high education and prospective occupation, and the business travelers who have a higher cross-city frequency are more sensitive to travel time, which demonstrates the intercity space of flow has represented some of the elite space characteristics. (4) There is spatial asymmetry in the cross-city space of flow between Beijing and Tianjin, which could be found from the uneven distribution of O-D passenger flows, the differences on the proportion of the business travel flows and the unbalanced function linkage directions.

In this paper I seek a more comprehensive mapping of the experience of time—space in late modernity. I develop Massey's critique of the work of Harvey and Jameson in their reading of time space compression as a socially uniform experience of disorientation. Building on Massey's notion of ‘power geometry’ I integrate discussions of time—space with an application of different understandings of power (from traditional political philosophy, Marxism, and poststructuralism) and their manifestations—in latent-power conditions, socioeconomic networks, actor networks, ‘local’ interpersonal relations, and the network spaces of subjectivity. Rather than being posited as irreconcilable conceptions, these versions of power and their articulations can be seen as initial coordinates in the mapping of the complexities of the experiences of time and space in late modernity.

Rapid transportation is a convenient channel for connecting space elements in the new era, as well as for increasing the vitality of regional development. Tourist flow is a phenomenon of collective spatial movement of tourists, which relies on traffic due to the similarity of tourist demand. Due to the non-transferability of tourism products and the rapid traffic dependence of tourism flow space displacement, rapid traffic has a major impact on the transfer flow, scale and spatial distribution of tourism flows. Therefore, revealing the spatial coupling relationship between rapid traffic and tourist flow has become an important issue. In this study, taking a typical tourist destination, Yunnan Province, as a research case, and based on multi-data such as Gaode traffic big data and statistical data, according to the thought process of “road network and site density + traffic size + traffic function + location superiority + transfer convenience”, a rapid traffic superiority model is constructed. In addition, based on the diachronic dimension of “scale → consumption → benefit →effect” of the tourist flow, a tourist flow intensity model is built. The weighted TOPSIS method is then used to measure the two evaluation values, and the coupling four-quadrant model is used to divide the coupling types. The results showed the following: (1) There is a significant spatial difference between the rapid traffic and tourist flow coupling. Kunming, Honghe and Lijiang showed strong coupling and coordination. The coupling type is “high tourist flow - high rapid traffic superiority”, while at the fringe region with a low level of tourism, away from the transportation hub and main traffic arteries, the coupling effect of tourist flow and rapid traffic is characterized by “low tourist flow - low rapid traffic superiority”. (2) There is a positive correlation between rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity, and the goodness of fit between different rapid traffic modes and tourist flow intensities showed the characteristics of “air transport > highway > high speed railway”. (3) The coupling level of rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity in Yunnan Province is generally low, and the dominant mode of rapid traffic development is coordinated and complementary mode. In addition, due to the “time-space convergence” effect and “organization-space synergy” effect of rapid traffic, there is a positive correlation between the rapid traffic combination type diversification and the tourist flow intensity. The contribution effect of different rapid traffic development modes to the intensity of tourist flow showed the characteristics of “multiple symbiosis mode > coordination complementary mode > single class isolation mode > low speed traffic maintenance mode”. From a spatial perspective, this paper explores the coupling and coordination situation between rapid traffic dominance and tourism flow intensity, and the results can be used to identify the bottleneck of regional tourism development. It is important for the promotion of regional rapid transit facilities construction and improvement of tourism performance level to achieve synergy between rapid traffic and tourism flow intensity. At the same time, the results also provide references for other similar areas.

以典型旅游地—云南省为研究案例,以高德交通大数据、统计数据等多源数据为基础,依据“路网及站点密度+通行规模+通行功能+区位优势度+换乘便捷度”的思路,构建快速交通优势度模型;基于旅游流“规模→消费→效益→效应”的历时性维度构建旅游流强度模型;采用加权TOPSIS法对二者评价值进行测算,并运用耦合四象限模型对两者耦合类型进行划分。结果发现：① 快速交通与旅游流耦合存在显著空间差异性。昆明、红河和丽江呈现良性耦合协调,耦合类型表现为“高旅游流-高快速交通优势”,而旅游化水平低、远离交通枢纽和主要交通干线的边缘地区,旅游流与快速交通耦合效应则表现为“低旅游流-低快速交通优势”。② 快速交通优势度与旅游流强度呈正相关关系,不同快速交通方式与旅游流强度的拟合优度表现为“航空运输>高速公路>高速铁路”的特征。③ 云南省快速交通优势度与旅游流强度耦合水平总体偏低,快速交通发展的主导模式为协调互补模式,且缘于快速交通的“时间-空间收敛”效应和“组织-空间协同”效应,快速交通组合类型多样化与旅游流强度存在正相关关系。不同快速交通发展模式对旅游流强度的贡献效应表现出“多元共生模式>协调互补模式>单类孤立模式>低速交通维持模式”的特征。

The interruption and immobility under the Covid-19 are changing the narrative logic of the new mobility paradigm. Mobility as a basic principle of modern society has been challenged and questioned, and a correct understanding of immobility is related to the future shift and change of the new mobility paradigm. To this end, this study summarizes the static research under the new mobility paradigm, considers the dialectical relationship between liquidity and static, and provides a new path for the transformation of the new mobility paradigm. We found that the study of immobility under the new mobility paradigm has four important turns. Firstly, there has been a shift from criticism of immobility to the understanding of the relationship of immobility. Geographers formed the thought of dialectical relationship (e.g., infrastructure and power geometries) between mobility and immobility based on criticizing the theory of sedentarism metaphysics. Secondly, previous research has opened space for an ontology and epistemology of immobility in and of itself. Traditional mobility research has viewed immobility as passive, othered, and utilized objects, while recent research has endowed immobility with activity, selfness, and subjectivity. Thirdly, much research has clearly shifted in favor of the microscopic interpretation (e.g., daily life) not just macroscopic view (e.g., locals and cosmopolitans). Fourthly, methodology has transformed from the duality of methods to the balance of methods. At the same time, there are four important issues in the study of immobility: (1) the antecedences of immobile regular population including factors that retain, repel, and adjust internal constraints; (2) the significant impact of anchoring space on mobility, such as supporting role; (3) the embodied experiences of non-representational silent body, such as the practices and emotions; (4) the node subject across time and space which has proved the immobile mobility. Overall, the research of immobility under the new flow paradigm has become a topic full of postmodernism and posthumanism color. Finally, we propose relevant prospects for the future research of immobility: to focus on the population heterogeneity of immobility, to pay attention to diversified immobility spaces, to understand post-human technology and immobility bodies, and to explore the mobility of sustainable development. This research has crucial value and significance for the new flow paradigm to enter a new historical development stage.

新冠疫情下的中断与非流动性改变新流动性范式的叙事逻辑,作为现代社会基本原则的流动性受到挑战与质疑,而正确认识非流动性事关新流动范式的未来转向与变革。为此,本研究对新流动范式下的非流动性研究进行综述,思考流动性与非流动性的辩证关系,为新流动范式的转型提供新的路径。本研究发现,新流动范式下非流动性的研究领域具有四个重要转向：从批判解构到辩证关系的认识;从本体不可能到有可能的思考;从宏观视野到微观解释的叙述;从方法二元到方法平衡的转变。同时,非流动性研究中存在四大重要议题：地方性非流动人口;支撑性的停泊空间;非表征的静默身体;跨时空的节点主体。最后,本研究为非流动性的未来研究提出相关展望：关注非流动性的人口异质性;关注多样化的非流动性空间;认识后人类技术与非流动性身体;探讨可持续发展的流动性。

With the profound impact of globalization on society, the connotation and denotation of mobility have become three-dimensional and multi-faceted today. Various types of mobilities are representing and reshaping our social structure and values. How to analyze and understand mobility has important implications on our cognition of social culture, local structure and contextual significance, as well as all kinds of socio-cultural phenomena which are currently measured by multiple spatial scales. On the one hand, mobility is an unprecedented enhancement of movement. This process not only occurs in the global and regional scales, but also in the scale of daily life and commuting within the urban areas. On the other hand, mobility overturns our understanding of the basic conceptions in humanities and social sciences in a revolutionary way. For example we need to rethink these crucial issues like space and identity with a perspective of mobility. Under the new paradigm—taking time and space as a basic judgement of mobility, the multi-layered and three-dimensional sociocultural meaning of mobility is thus to be discussed in terms of regions, cities, immigration, tourism, identity, policy, regulation and so on. This practice offers a field for interdisciplinary dialogue and communication which carries the expectation of providing references and prospects for lifting the discussion on movement to mobility.

在全球化对社会产生深刻影响的当下,流动获得了内涵和外延的立体化与多面性,各种类型的流动正表征并重塑地方、社会结构和价值观念。如何认识流动、分析流动对理解当前世界多重空间尺度的各类社会文化现象、理解空间及附加其上的意义具有重要影响。一方面,流动性是流动实践空前增强的过程,这个过程既发生在全球与区域的尺度上,也发生在城市内部日常生活与通勤的尺度上。另一方面,流动性对于人文社会科学中基本概念的阐释具有革命性的作用,例如地方,认同这些话题都需要从流动性的视角进行重新思考。以时间和空间作为刻画流动性的基础尺标,在新流动性范式下,从地方、城市、移民、旅游、身份认同、政策与管制等方面探讨流动性多层次的社会文化意义,期于在流动性这一场域进行跨学科的对话,并促使国内学界对流动现象的关注上升为对流动性理论本身的解读。

Nowadays, China has fully come into the massive tourism era. Tourism continuously occupies one most quickly growing industry in the macro-economy and becomes a strategic pillar industry in regional economic development. Since China is rich in tourism resources, which are the foundation of conventional tourism development, it is crucial to deal with the relationship between property protection and utilization of tourism resources, meanwhile, achieving innovative development. In this issue, 16 young tourism geographers discuss tourism resources protection and utilization in the new era. They clarify a set of key points about tourism resources research, including new knowledge of value, new ways to protect and use, and new discussions for special resources. The main points state as follows. (1) Massive tourism mode changing bring the industry innovation, as well as resources' meaning expansion. In the new era, by embracing a perspective of construction, generalization, and a combination of tourism resources, we need to rethink how to define, classify and evaluate these resources. In the future, resources will still be the basis of tourism development, which should capture more reasonable recognition of their new characteristics and values. (2) Under the constraints of ecological reserves, controls in exploitation of traditional resources will be more severe. From the supply-side, considering the transformation from resources to products, we should take more measures such as complying with the market rules, meeting tourists' new needs, excavating cultural senses, creating new developing paths amid new technologies support, and forming popular products. These measures will be beneficial to stimulate the marketing values, upgrade the regional industry, and realize to coordinate resources, capital, and assets in a sustainable way. (3) From the demand-side, we should be aware of the common changes of tourists, lead to new behavioral norms in civilized tourism, and guide the tourists to protect resources spontaneously, which will rewardingly balance environmental protection and industrial development. (4) Abundant resources require diverse approaches to protect and rationally use. In light of rural tourism resources, we should assess their new value, follow the strategy of rural vitalization, suit measures to local conditions, pay main concerns on tourism agglomerations, consider local communities' interests, and innovatively promote sustainable development. Based primarily on sustainability, agricultural heritages re-use needs to be concerned about novel multi-participation machinery dynamically. For human tourism resources, it is necessary to maintain authenticity with traditional culture integration, and coordinate cultural inheritance and tourism growth. Mentioned with ethnic tourism resources in mountainous region, we suggest paying attention to the uniqueness of regional system, taking account of the contemporary value and human-land relationship, and then adopting appropriate measures. Besides, owing to homestay's role in activating rural stacks, it is recommended to enhance ecological protection, and boost the homestay cluster.

当前,我国已经全面进入大众旅游时代,旅游业持续领跑宏观经济,并成为带动区域发展的支柱产业。旅游资源是传统旅游业的发展基础,我国是旅游资源大国,处理好旅游资源保护与利用的关系、实现创新发展是旅游资源研究的关键。来自旅游地理研究领域的16位青年学者,以笔谈方式探讨了新时期、新阶段下旅游资源保护与利用的基本思路,从旅游发展的新特征、资源价值的新认知、开发与保护的新方式以及针对专项资源的保护开发的新对策等方面重新定义新时代旅游资源研究的重点,核心观点整理如下：（1）随着旅游业的发展,大众旅游方式变化推动旅游产业革新,旅游资源的内涵也相应不断丰富。新时代旅游资源的重构、泛化和组合的变化需要重新对旅游资源进行识别、划分和评价,未来资源仍是旅游产业发展的基础,需要合理认知旅游资源的新特征和新价值。（2）新时代,传统资源开发的条件趋严,坚守生态底线是发展的基础。从供给端看,资源转化为产品的过程中,要尊重市场规律,面向游客新需求,以深入挖掘文化内涵为重点,借助科技新手段,创新资源开发新模式,推出受游客欢迎的旅游产品,从而激发旅游资源的市场价值属性,推动区域旅游产业升级,实现资源、资本、资产的可持续发展。（3）从需求端看,捕捉客群变化特征,构建社会规范和文明旅游新方式,从多方面引导游客主动保护旅游资源的行为,从而形成推动旅游资源保护和开发协调的新思路。（4）旅游资源的类型丰富,决定了旅游资源保护与开发方式的多样化：针对乡村旅游资源,要在资源评估的基础上,重新认识其新价值,在乡村振兴战略的引领下,因地制宜,以产业集聚为突破,重视乡村社区利益,推动乡村旅游资源的创新利用和可持续发展;针对农业文化遗产资源,在可持续发展的基础上,活态利用,构建多方参与的新机制;针对人文旅游资源,需要挖掘人文旅游资源本真性,融入传统文化,促进文化传承与旅游产业的互动发展;针对山地民族旅游资源,在时代价值重新认知的基础上要重视其地域系统的独特性,基于人地关系整体化保护与开发;针对民宿旅游,重视其转化农村闲置资源的重要功能,强化生态保护,构建民宿旅游集聚区。

Against the background of the French "May Wave" and the postmodernist, the theory of assemblage as a research perspective starts to gain momentum. This paper proposes a philosophical view of "becoming" based on rhizome thinking, which critically exposes ignorance of the spatial topology in the current research based on network structure and opens up a new field of the knowledge for human geography. On the one hand, the assemblage theory forms a "heterogeneous generated space" on the basis of spatial theories such as "spatial production theory", "heterotopia" and "third space", emphasizing the interactions of the heterogeneous elements while also paying attention to the logic of the continuous generation and spatio-temporal change; on the other hand, the assemblage theory reconstructs the concept of relations, emphasizes the "object agency" and "relations of exteriority", which generates the "post-relational ontology" and acknowledges that all things are assembled through relations. With the application of the assemblage theory in the field of human geography, the existing empirical research mainly focuses on political assemblage and mobility, urban assemblage and critical urbanism, daily life assemblage and non-human agency, and compared with other related theories such as Complexity Theory and Actor Network Theory. In order to expound the connotation of the assemblage theory and enhance the applicability of the theory, the article analyzes the assemblage logic through border assemblage. In addition, based on the new research framework and theoretical paradigm constructed by the assemblage theory for human geography, as well as the coupling of the theoretical characteristics and the transitional period of Chinese society, it is expected that Chinese geographers can critically engage into the assemblage theory to explain the Chinese situation, as well as promoting the diversities of the Chinese geography theory and philosophical methodology.

在法国“五月风潮”和后现代主义思潮的影响下,拼装理论应运而生。该理论提出了以根茎思维为基础的动态生成哲学观,批判地揭露了现有研究以网络结构为主,忽视空间拓扑的局限,为人文地理学开辟了新的知识空间。一方面,拼装理论在“空间生产理论”“异托邦”和“第三空间”等空间理论的基础上形成“异质生成空间”,强调属性不同的元素互动的同时,更关注时空不断生成、变化的逻辑;另一方面,拼装理论重构了关系,强调“客体的能动性”和“外部联系”,生成“后关系本体论”,承认所有事物都是通过关系进行拼装的。随着拼装理论在人文地理领域的运用,现有的实证研究主要聚焦于政治拼装与流动性、城市拼装与批判城市化、日常生活拼装与非人的能动性,以及与行动者网络理论、复杂性理论的比较研究。为了阐述拼装理论的内涵,增强理论的应用性,本文以案例的形式详细解析了边界拼装蕴含的拼装逻辑。此外,基于拼装理论为人文地理学注入的过程逻辑与克服人类中心主义的理念,以及该理论特征与中国社会转型期的耦合性,期望国内地理学者能批判地运用拼装理论解释中国情境,以便推动中国人文地理学理论与哲学方法论的多元发展。

In recent years, the new paradigm of Western social and cultural geography has become a research hotspot in the domestic geographic circles, but some scholars have different opinions and argue that the new paradigm lacks the professional characteristics of geography and deviates from the traditional research paradigm. On the basis of combing the thoughts of Western humanistic geography school and the evolution of its paradigm, this paper analyses the background, basic issues, connotation and significance of the new paradigm of the new paradigm of Western social and cultural geography. The results show that the new paradigm of Western social and cultural geography advocates subjective ideas in geography, the turn of social and cultural theory, in addition, it also includes issues of "interrelationships" and "ethics, morality and ontogenesis". It is not only a reflection on positivism and space science characterized by the metrological revolution, as well as the "cultural superorganism" of the Berkeley School, but also a new interpretation paradigm of complex social space and cultural cognition caused by the growing globalization and global localization that have become increasingly prominent since the Second World War. In terms of research perspectives and objects, the new paradigm incorporates "human" into the study of geography and establishes the position of "human" in geography. The new paradigm predicts the possibility of social space as well as the significance and value of social culture through the filter of "theoretical turn". It guides people's attention to various spaces, especially spatial relations through the filter of "interrelationships", and strengthens the moral practice of social cultural geography and the promotion of human nature, reconstructs the harmonious coexistence of human and self, human and society and human and the natural environment through the filter of "ethics, morality and ontogenesis". The new paradigm uses a unique way to explain the geographic environment and the social, economic and cultural causes of the spatial process and interaction of human activities, which is a major change in the evolution of human cognition of natural and social environment practice and represents a new philosophy and thinking of geography. One of the reasons why there are different opinions on the new paradigm in Chinese academic circles is that researchers lack in-depth dialogue on the philosophical cognition of the old and new human geography paradigms, and the other reason is that the academic circles' theoretical interpretation of the new paradigm is insufficient. In the future, the Chinese school of social and cultural geography needs to actively embrace and absorb the reasonable contents of the western frontier theories, and construct a new discipline paradigm to actively respond to major issues reflecting China and the world on the basis of careful reference to the Western theories.

近年来,西方社会文化地理学新范式在中国地理学界受到“热捧”,但也有学者对此存有分歧、质疑、困惑和焦虑,认为新范式“缺少地理味”“跑偏了”。在梳理西方人文地理学派思想及其范式演变的基础上,对新范式的出场背景、基本议题和内涵及意义进行了剖析。研究认为：① 西方社会文化地理学新范式倡导的“人之主观意念”“理论转向”“空间间性关联”“伦理道德及本体生成”,既是对以计量革命为特征的实证主义和空间科学,以及伯克利学派“文化超有机体”的反思,也是对第二次世界大战以来日益凸显的增长全球化和全球本土化,引致的复杂社会空间和文化认知的新阐释。② 在研究视角和对象上,新范式倡导“人之主观意念”,并确立“人”在地理学中的位置和对“地”的人文主义说明;通过社会文化等“理论转向”滤镜,预见社会空间的可能性,以及社会文化的意义和价值;通过“空间间性关联”滤镜,引导人们对多种空间,尤其是空间关系的关注;通过“伦理道德及本体生成”滤镜,强化社会文化地理的道德实践和人性提升,重构人与自我、人与社会、人与自然环境的和谐共生;③ 新范式用一种独特的方式,阐释地理环境和人类活动空间进程和交织的社会经济及文化发生动因,是人类对社会文化和自然环境实践认知演变中的一次重大变革,代表一种新的地理学哲学观和思维观。④ 中国学术界对新范式之所以存在不同声音,原因之一是研究者对新旧人文地理学范式的哲学认知缺乏深度对话,另一原因是学术界针对新范式的理论阐释不足。未来社会文化地理学的中国学派,需要主动拥抱并吸收西方前沿理论的合理内容,在此基础上参与建构新的学科范式,积极回应反映时代中国和世界的重大问题。

The relational geography is conceived with the development of post-structuralism and "relational turn". From the perspective of relational geography, the world is understood as a topological structure of flowing while things are not considered as products of eidos ego but products of the relations. Relational thinking is counter-essentialized, it stresses on the dynamic, inter-dependent interactions between things. Through literature review, we find out the development relational geography is strong influenced by the social network and non-representational theory. The appearance of relational geography reconstructs the connotations of space, place, scale and subjectivity. We put forward the concept of relational space, place relations, multi-scale or the end of scale and the geographical inter-subjectivity. We construct the networking, relational and the flow of topological geography. The current empirical studies of the relational geography focus on the spatial diffusion and expansion, subject development, socio-cultural, bodily, tourist, health issues. Besides, we hope to offer new perspectives for Chinese human geographers based on the concepts of "human", "more-than-human", "things" and "re-materialization".

随着后结构主义思潮和“关系转向”的兴起,关系地理学（relational geography）应运而生。关系地理学把世界理解为流动的拓扑结构以及相互关联的产物,主张关系思维,强调事物在发展过程中相互影响与依存的动态关系。通过对关系地理学相关著作和期刊论文的分析发现,关系地理学的产生受到社会网络分析理论与非表征理论的深刻影响,其重构了空间、地方、尺度与主体性的内涵,提出关系空间、地方关系、多尺度或尺度终结,以及主体间性的地理学概念,建构了新的关于网络、关系和流的拓扑地理。关系地理学现有的实证研究主要聚焦于空间扩散与空间发展、主体发展与社会文化问题、身体与健康旅游/地理等内容。此外,基于“人”与“超越人类”,“物”与“重返物质”4个方面的内容提出关系地理学可能的研究展望,并对“关系”的内涵与外延进行了延伸讨论,以期为中国人文地理学研究提供新的学术视角。

This article opens with a story of the mobility and varied temporalities of a particular landscape and uses this to reflect on a range of issues that revolve around the different kinds of ‘grounding’ that are appealed to in sociocultural, political and academic life. It reflects upon the relations between human and natural sciences, the nature of appeals between them, and the important, but often questionable, place within this of particular political positions. It goes on to query the role of ‘Nature’ as a grounding to place and landscape and stresses the potentially differential effectivities of contrasting temporalities – between, for example, the temporalities of the taskspace and the temporalities of tectonics. Nonetheless, the argument continues, there are indeed provocations from the moving rocks to the nature of scientific discourse and to debates within political philosophy. It concludes with a conceptualization of both landscape and place as events.

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) encompasses not only local traditional practice derived from the past, but also future-oriented modern cultural political and economic processes generated due to globalization. Therefore, this paper uses translocal theory as an entry point to move beyond the paradigm of localities in analyzing the socio-spatial processes of intangible cultural heritage, with a specific focus on the processes of formation, operation, and identity. Accordingly, this paper reconceptualizes the practice of ICH. Different from the prevailing rigid, intrinsically stable, and human-centered approach, this paper adopts the idea of translocal assemblage to consider ICH practices as rhizomatic networks. The network binds heterogeneous elements together by power mediation to form temporarily stabilized systems. The translocal assemblage of ICH practices firstly connects human and non-human components as well as tangible and intangible components in different localities. Second, due to the openness of the deep structure, a translocal assemblage is a complex, multifarious, non-linear, and unstable whole with exteriority. Lastly, the structural linkages woven by power relations improve the current flat understanding of the world and emphasize the need to distinguish the intensity and criticality of different connections. Case studies of Heqing silver-forging technology and Mosuo textile technology use the three aspects above to identify when and where heterogeneous elements are linked and influence local development. This paper further argues that for better safeguarding of ICH as well as promotion of local development by heritage practices, attention should be given to elements and processes beyond the local, including their interrelation mechanisms with the local place. In valuing the potential of intangible cultural heritage to support development strategies such as rural revitalization, the article calls for consideration of the impact of trans-localism on heritage authenticity and cultural values together with the enhanced linkages between intangible cultural heritage and local identities and livelihoods in the light of global production and consumption of heritages.

非物质文化遗产不仅是来源于过去的特定区域的传统实践,更是生成于全球化体系中面向未来的现代文化政治和文化经济过程。因此,本文尝试以跨地方性理论为切入点,架构非遗的形成、运作和认同的社会—空间过程,在此基础上使用跨地方聚合的思想重新概念化非遗实践,将其解读为多元主体权力关系中介下,由跨地方异质性要素聚合而成的不稳定的开放系统,以区别于固有对非遗实践“稳定”“以人为中心”和“边界化”的认知。通过分析云南鹤庆银器锻制技艺和摩梭纺织技艺两个案例来呈现非遗实践作为跨地方聚合的过程及特性,以及非遗传承和保护由此所面对的机遇和挑战,呼吁在重视非遗服务于乡村振兴等发展战略的潜力时,要进一步认识非遗实践的跨地方性对本土社区的影响,反思遗产原真性和文化价值与当前非遗实践的关系,强调在非遗全球化生产和消费中保持其与本土认同和本土生计之间的关联。

Based on data drawn from the Web of Science and a selection of 526 major world cities in line with the world city network research related with advanced producer services, this paper performed multiple spatial and network analyses to examine the evolution of structural features and driving factors of the global interurban knowledge collaboration network. The results show that: (1) the spatial structure of the top cities of the network, which are mostly in Europe and US, has remained stable. The spatial configurations of the centers of global innovation and global production services are different. The connectivity of cities is unevenly distributed across different geographical scales, with a clear west-to-east and north-to-south shift. (2) In terms of topological structures, the scale, density, and connectedness of the network have increased over time. The network exhibits small-world and scale-free features, and presents significant “core-periphery” and “community” structures. Cities differ in their national and global functions. (3) The evolution of the global interurban knowledge collaboration network is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous driving factors. Endogenous driving factors include the shifting paradigm of contemporary knowledge innovation, the non-linear development paths of knowledge innovation, the unique modes of knowledge combination, the “preferential attachment”, and the social interdependence of maintaining knowledge collaboration. Exogenous driving mechanisms include geographical proximity, country borders, regional agreements, and colonial histories.

以Web of Science合著论文数据为基础,参照以高端生产性服务业为对象的世界城市网络系列研究选取全球526个主要城市,借助空间分析和网络分析,分析全球城市知识合作网络演化的结构特征和驱动因素。结果显示：① 空间结构方面,“头部”城市格局稳定,欧美城市垄断明显;城市在全球知识合作网络与全球高端生产性服务网络中的空间分布存在差异;全球城市知识合作网络在不同地理尺度上均呈现出非均衡特征,网络重心有显著的东移和南移趋势。② 拓扑特征方面,全球城市知识合作网络的规模、密度和连通性不断增强;网络呈现出显著的“小世界性”和“无标度性”、“核心-边缘”结构和“社群”结构;不同城市在网络中发挥着不同的“全球功能”和“国家功能”。③ 驱动因素方面,全球城市知识合作网络的演化由内生和外生驱动因素共同作用。其中,内生驱动因素包括当代知识创新范式的转变、知识创新过程的非线性演进、知识组合的特定方式、合作对象择取的“偏好依附”以及维持合作关系的“社会纽带”;外生驱动因素包括地理邻近、国家边界、区域协定以及殖民历史。

This article offers an entirely different way of understanding the origins, significance and relational materialism of tourism. Borrowing from the emergent sociology of ordering, which combines aspects of Foucault’s notion of governance with ‘post-ANT’ insistence on relational materialism, it shows how tourism came to be a heterogenous assemblage ‘at large’ in the world, remaking the world anew as a touristic world; a world to be seen, felt, interpellated and travelled. In doing so it underlines the paradoxical significance of nationalism as an ordering with clear implications for the emergence of the tourism ordering. It also, at last, invites research on the relationality of technologies and objects of tourism as well as key individuals whose dreams of tourism were essential to the history of the tourism ordering. Seen as an ordering this conception of tourism offers an alternative to structuralist accounts that have long influenced and inhibited tourist studies. It also explains why tourism was so hard to define, until now.

This scoping review provides an overview of the literature on tourism routes, concerning 1) the categorization of tourism routes, 2) how the research has been conducted, in terms of methodologies and main research themes, and 3) future research paths. The review includes documents from four databases, written in English, published until May 2020 and focused on tourism routes as organisations of stakeholders under a unified theme to achieve common goals. Based on 194 documents, regional-scale routes under the theme of food and drink are identified as the commonest. The main research theme is route development. Empirical studies, qualitative approaches, primary data usage, and data collection triangulation techniques predominate. Lastly, future research should focus mainly on route planning and management.

Taking the typical tourist destination-Yunnan province as a research case, and based on the multi-source data such as Gaode traffic big data and electronic map POI, this study uses the improved TOPSIS method, coupled coordination model and Tobit model to construct the comprehensive traffic service function and tourism intensity conceptual model. From the perspective of time and space, this paper examines the spatial differentiation characteristics of transportation service function and tourism intensity coordination and the contribution of different transportation service functions to tourism intensity. The results show that: (1) From 2006 to 2016, the synergy effect of comprehensive transportation service functions and tourism intensity in various cities of Yunnan province became more prominent, and the type of coordination leading has changed from "official disorder" to "primary coordination type". (2) The overall pattern of comprehensive transportation service functions and tourism intensity coordination degree shows a pattern of "high in the middle, but low in the east and west as well as in the north and south", and the east and west are greatly divided, and the north-south changes are relatively stable. The regional differences within the province are characterized by "Central part > Southeast > Southwest > West > Northwest > Northeast". There is a significant difference in the spatial differentiation characteristics of different types of transportation modes and tourism intensity coordination. (3) The contribution of roads, railways and aviation lines to tourism intensity is characterized by the unbalance of "air transportation > road traffic > railway traffic". The income of tourism residents, the endowment of tourism resources and the degree of marketization all have positive effects on tourism intensity. However, the lower level of opening up has restricted the improvement of regional tourism intensity to a certain extent.

以典型旅游地云南省为研究案例地,基于高德交通大数据、电子地图POI等多源数据,通过构建综合交通服务功能与旅游强度概念模型,采用改进的TOPSIS法、耦合协调模型和Tobit模型,从时空视角审视交通服务功能与旅游强度协调空间分异特征及不同交通服务功能对旅游强度的贡献效应。结果表明：（1）2006—2016年,云南省各州市综合交通服务功能与旅游强度协同效应逐渐凸显,协调主导类型由“濒临失调型”跃迁为“初级协调型”。（2）综合交通服务功能与旅游强度协调度总体格局呈“中部高,东西两侧和南北两翼低”的空间布局态势,且东西分异剧烈,南北变化相对平稳;区域差异特征呈现“滇中>滇东南>滇西南>滇西>滇西北>滇东北”俱乐部趋同空间态势;不同交通方式与旅游强度协调度空间分异特征存在显著差异。（3）公路、铁路、航空对旅游强度的贡献效应表现为“航空运输>公路交通>铁路交通”的不均衡特征;旅游地居民收入、旅游资源禀赋、市场化程度均对旅游强度呈现正向促进效应,但对外开放水平较低一定程度上制约了区域旅游强度提升。

This paper firstly reviews the theoretical study abroad on scenic byway, and discusses the development of practical work in foreign countries from the prospective of American national scenic byway plan and national scenic byway system. Secondly, according to the feature that our research on scenic byway is accompanied by local planning, the paper analyzes the practice of scenic byway in China through several cases of scenic byway planning. The preliminary theoretical research of different subjects on scenic byway, greenway and heritage corridor from respective point of disciplines background is also discussed, be combining mostly with the production tasks. Finally, this paper points out that both theoretical research and practice in China is still at the initial stage, management organization should be established, research and practice in this field should be actively carried out, and construction of national scenic byway system should be also discussed and concluded.

Currently, a unilinear, nation-bounded approach is taken to the recording and interpretation of the material heritage of immigration in settler nations, largely ignoring the transnational social fields to which the immigrants who created the heritage places and buildings belonged. Focusing on Chinese migration to Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries, I offer the ‘heritage corridor’ concept as better representing the transnationally ‘stretched’ or ‘distributed’ built environment emerging from the cross-border flows of people, objects, ideas and money to which migration typically gives rise. I argue that intensities of affect and emotion have acted to entangle migrants and their relatives remaining at home in this environment. Remittance payments from Chinese migrants in Australia are shown to have been instrumental in the building of houses, temples, schools, shops, roads and bridges in the emigrant villages of Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, many of which are now regarded as heritage items.

From the perspective of traveling experience, the scenic byway is no longer the only tourist transit or tourism passage as experiencing scenic byways has become a new travel motive, which reflects the spatial mobility of tourism industry elements. Regarding "on the road" traveling experience as the major travel motivation of tourists, this paper believes that the scenic byway system performs the function of direct expression of tourists traveling experience rather than the traditional tourism highway system that transits tourist flow. Recognizing the scenic byway system as a special derived form of tourism destination, the paper analyzes the rationality of scenic byway system as a new linear experience space and expounds the theoretical analysis of this derived form of tourist destination. Their characteristics are summarized using relevant domestic and international case studies. Taking the Tongling- Huangshan section of the Beijing-Taiwan Expressway in southern Anhui as an example, this paper explores the necessity and importance of developing the scenic byway in the region, proposes the construction components of linear tourism experience space and summarizes the differences in development connotation. The introduction of the linear experience space profoundly expands the existing tourism research on the scenic byway system and provides a new direction for tourist destinations development.

在体验视角下,风景道不仅只是旅游系统中的旅游过境地或旅游通道,旅游者逐渐将体验特色风景道作为出游动机,同时也折射出旅游产业要素在沿线空间范围上的流向扩散。在将“在路上”这一旅游体验作为旅游者出游的主要动机,使传统意义上仅以交通功能承载旅游流的风景道转向为旅游者体验最直接的表现形式,并将其整体视为一种特殊类型的旅游目的地衍生形态,不仅可以串联各自区隔的旅游空间,还是我国建立国家公园体系的有效支撑,同时也符合全域旅游发展的内在需求。通过对风景道作为新型线性体验空间的合理性进行分析,阐述这种旅游目的地衍生形态的理论解析,并结合国内外相关案例对其特点特征进行总结。以安徽南部京台高速铜黄段为例,探讨打造该区域的必然性与重要性,提出线型旅游体验空间构建内容,并总结发展内涵上的差异性。线型旅游体验空间的提出,在理论上深化拓展了现有关于风景道的旅游研究,为现实中旅游目的地发展提供一个新的发展方向。

The cross-regional linear cultural heritage is a kind of important tourism resource, as well as a special kind of tourism resource. But the whole value of the heritage tourism resource is difficult to evaluation, and hard to avoid fuzzy, so that the evaluation is lack of practical significance, because of the scattered resources, internal differences, and relatively loose connection between the heritage sites. Based on the particularity of cross-regional linear cultural heritage and the core resource meaning of its heritage sites, this article regards the value of its heritage sites as the value of the entire heritage from a certain extent. That is to say, “the Cultural Route recognizes and emphasizes the value of all of its elements as substantive parts of a whole”. The Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor Routes Network of Silk Road formed in the 2nd century BC ( Some people think that it had formed before Shang Dynasty ), and still in use to the 16th century. The Routes Network, span nearly 5 000 km, had played a very important role in business trade and cultural exchanges, and leaves a large number of cultural relics and remains. In June 2014, the heritage of the Routs Network with a total of 33 heritage sites, including 22 heritage sites in China, was included in the World Heritage List, as one of the longest linear cultural heritages in the world. Therefore, it is typical significance in exploring the value evaluation of tourism resource of cross-regional linear cultural heritage. The value evaluation of resource is the evaluation of connotation value, application value, social impact and so on from the feature, function of the resource itself and so on, not the comprehensive evaluation including resource environment and development condition. The article, with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fishbein M- Rosenberg M Model, builds a model, which sets the score standards and evaluation grades, for the value evaluation of tourism resource of cross-regional linear cultural heritage. The empirical analysis shows that the proposed research method and evaluation model can more accurately evaluate the resource value. The value of heritage sites of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor Routs Network in China is in good grade and above. The 5th grade resource, also known as special grade resource, accounts for 27.3% of the all resources, the 4th grade and 3rd grade resource account for 59.1% and 13.6% respectively. Those strategies, such as leading development, key project development and strengthening the historical culture mining and popularization of heritage sites, should be taken in tourism development of the Routs Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor in China.

跨区域线性文化遗产是一类特殊的旅游资源。基于其特殊性,以其各遗产点的价值评价作为整个遗产的价值评价;借助层次分析法、菲什拜因-罗森伯格模型,通过设定评分标准与评价等级,构建跨区域线性文化遗产旅游资源价值评价模型;实证分析认为提出的方法与模型能较准确地评价资源价值,长安-天山廊道路网中国段各遗产点价值均在优良等级及以上,其中27.3%为五级（特品级）资源,59.1%为四级资源,13.6%为三级资源,在旅游开发中应采取领先开发或重点开发、分区开发及加强遗产点历史文化挖掘与宣传普及等策略。

By constructing the basic mode of tourism spatial evolution, this article analyzes the evolution progress of Guilin-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism destination system. The evolution progress of tourism destination system is divided into 3 stages (the embryonic stage, the polarization stage and the optimization stage), which shows different characteristics (homogeneous development, polarization development, proliferation development) respectively, and tends to plate development stage. Before 1978, the tourism destination was in the stage of homogeneous development when the destination system was in the embryonic statement. The original landscape provided a good foundation for tourism development, but during this period, tourism space structure was in the low homogeneous disordered state, and the scenic spots have not been effectively developed. The following 20 years has experienced the polarization process, which can be divided into the early polarization evolution marked by the formation of the tourism growth pole of Guilin City and late polarization evolution stage marked by the formation of Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism destination system. In the early polarization evolution stage, with the driving of tourism demand, Guilin City had a rapid development as the tourism growth pole, and provided a good infrastructure and service facilities for the tourism of Lijiang River. It played a role of the organization for the regional tourist development. During the late polarization evolution stage, Yangshuo County had a good development as the new growth pole, Guilin City further strengthened tourism function, Lijiang River was developed as tourism corridor. Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism spatial system was formed basically. During the 11th Five-Year Plan, the tourism destination was in the proliferation stage. The tourism impact diffused at this stage and pushed the transformational development of the tourism destination. Meanwhile, the shape of regional tourism plate was initially formed. Travel city and scenic sites were increasingly interconnected, and a more coordinated Guilin City-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism system promoted the formation and development of a higher level of tourism spatial system, which can be called the tourism spatial system, or North Guangxi tourism board. This article analyzed the dynamic mechanism of the evolution and considered that there were varies leading dynamic mechanisms at different times. In the homogeneous development stage, the tourism resources endowment had played a decisive role. The dominating dynamic factor in the development stage of polarization was affected by circulation accumulation, and different types of demand had become the main power for construction. In the proliferation stage, the pursuit of overall efficiency has become the dominant force.

通过构建旅游地空间演化基本模式,阐释了以漓江为主导的桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地系统演化过程,归纳其经历了萌芽期、极化期和优化期,3个阶段分别体现出均质发展、极化发展、扩散发展的特征,并有向板块发展阶段演化的趋势。20世纪70年代以前,旅游地处于均质发展为特征的萌芽期,原赋景观为旅游发展提供了良好的基础,但是这一时期的旅游地在空间结构上处于低位的均质无序状态,各景区点未得到有效地开发;20世纪70年代末至 2000年代中期,旅游地进入极化期,其中又分为以桂林城区旅游增长极形成为标志的初期极化发展阶段和以桂林城区-漓江-阳朔县城旅游地系统形成为标志的后期极化增长阶段;初期极化发展阶段,在旅游需求的推动下,桂林城区作为旅游增长极得到较快发展,为漓江旅游提供良好的基础设施和服务设施,对区域旅游发展起到组织作用。后期极化增长阶段,阳朔县城作为新的增长极发展起来,桂林城区旅游功能进一步强化,漓江作为旅游廊道功能也日益强化,桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地空间系统基本形成;“十一五”期间为扩散发展时期。在此期间旅游影响对外扩散,区域旅游板块逐渐形成,并推动旅游地转型发展。桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游系统的旅游城镇、景区点间相互联系日益紧密,功能上更加协调,推动了更高一级的旅游地空间系统的形成和发展,因此可称其为桂北旅游地空间系统,或桂北旅游板块。探讨了旅游地系统演化机制,认为在不同时期,起主导的机制不同：在萌芽期,资源禀赋起着决定性作用;在极化发展期,受循环积累因果效应的推动,不同类型的需求成为建构的主要动力;在扩散发展期,对综合效益的追求成为主导力量。

Over the last ten years, scholars in human geography have been paying increasing theoretical and empirical attention to understanding the ways in which the production of scale is implicated in the production of space. Overwhelmingly, this work reflects a social constructionist approach, which situates capitalist production (and the role of the state, capital, labor and nonstate political actors) as of central concern. What is missing from this discussion about the social construction of scale is serious attention to the relevance of social reproduction and consumption. In this article I review the important literature on scale construction and argue for enlarging our scope for understanding scale to include the complex processes of social reproduction and consumption. I base my critique on a short case study which illustrates that attention to other processes besides production and other systems of domination besides capitalism can enhance our theorizing and improve our attempts to effect real social change.

This article aims to systematically demonstrate the evolution and development of scale theory and its features in different periods. The perspective of scale theory is then used to elaborate the formation of city-regional governance in China. A conceptual framework is proposed in this article. Four major conclusions are presented as follows. First, the geographical scale of China’s city-region consists of two modalities, namely, metropolitan area and urban agglomeration. The governing scale of China’s city-region is essentially constituted by administrative powers, all of which made up a top-down power matrix. The restructuring of governing scale oriented geographical scale of city-region is the nature of rescaling of China’s city-regional governance. This restructuring process is central to understand the rationale of China’s city regional governance. Second, the macro socioeconomic development in China has manifested as the dynamic adjustment process between decentralization and recentralization. The rise of city-regional governance in China is the outcome of state spatial selectivity oriented city-regions to overcome the crises brought by the conventional city-based accumulation regime. Third, the governance of urban agglomeration is featured by the soft rescaling. Correspondingly, the governance of metropolitan area is characterized by rigid rescaling. This rigid rescaling has embodied as the reconfiguration of various jurisdictions oriented a new administrative relation. Last but not the least, there are complicated games between multiple actors at the city-region scale. To sum up, China’s city-regional governance reflects the changing political economy of regional development in post-reform era.

系统回顾西方尺度理论，尤其是尺度生产（尺度重构与尺度政治）理论，借此阐释中国城市区域治理形成的尺度逻辑。研究发现，中国城市区域包括城市群与都市区2个地理尺度；治理尺度是以行政权力为核心，形成自上而下的行政权力金字塔；治理尺度的动态重配并与地理尺度相耦合的过程是中国城市区域治理的尺度建构的本质；改革开放后，中国宏观政治经济在“去中心化-再中心化”过程中持续动态调整；中国城市区域的产生是国家空间选择性的结果，来克服以城市为基础的资本积累模式的体制危机；城市群治理以柔性尺度重构为主，都市区治理以刚性尺度重构为主；城市区域内部产生复杂的多主体间的尺度博弈。

Space-based cooperation is an important form of interurban cooperation and a multidimensional sociospatial process concerning reterritorialization, network building, and rescaling. Based on the case study of the Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone and considering three sociospatial dimensions including territory, network, and scale, the production and restructuring of interurban cooperative space is analyzed. This research suggests that the reterritorialization involved both capital and regulatory power; the network that link actors together serves as tools for political mobilization and information sharing; the key factor for rescaling is the mobilization of actors at higher scales. Common interests of relevant actors are fundamental factors of space-based interurban cooperation. Specifically, the actors at higher scales tend to embed their own interests into the political strategies crossing scales. Moreover, a complex interaction is found among the three sociospatial dimensions, with four major types of combination including identical, parallel, substitution, and realization, which could be of significance in future studies aiming to further examining the production of multidimensional space.

空间合作是城市合作的重要形式,同时又是一个涉及领域、网络和尺度等多维度的社会空间过程。本文以深汕特别合作区为例,从领域、网络和尺度3个社会空间维度分析城市间合作空间的生产与重构。研究表明,在这种合作形式中,再领域化涉及资本和管制权力2个方面,联系网络具有政治动员、信息共享等功能,而尺度重组的关键则是对高尺度行动者的动员。此外,共同利益是城市空间合作中最核心的要素,高尺度行动者在合作过程中也可能将自身利益嵌入合作空间。最后,这些维度之间存在复杂的相互作用,并具体表现为同一、并行、替代和实现4种组合关系。这4种组合关系对更细致地分析多维度的空间生产具有一定借鉴意义。

In recent years, the dominant political-economic approach to scale has been subject to critique from poststructuralist perspectives. In this paper, I argue that the charge of ‘reification’ has been accepted too readily, masking areas of conceptual overlap between political-economic and poststructural approaches, particularly in terms of their shared concern with the construction of scale. On this basis, I propose to replace the established concept of ‘the politics of scale’ with ‘scalar politics’, arguing that it is often not scale per se that is the prime object of contention, but rather specific processes and institutionalized practices that are themselves differentially scaled.

Fruitful new avenues of theorization and research have been opened by recent writings on the production of geographical scale. However, this outpouring of research on scale production and on rescaling processes has been accompanied by a notable analytical blunting of the concept of geographical scale as it has been blended unreflexively into other core geographical concepts such as place, locality, territory and space. This essay explores this methodological danger: first, through a critical reading of Sallie Marston's (2000) recent article in this journal on ‘The social construction of scale’; second, through a critical examination of the influential notion of a politics ‘of ‘ scale. A concluding section suggests that our theoretical grasp of geographical scale could be significantly advanced if scaling processes are distinguished more precisely from other major dimensions of sociospatial structuration under capitalism. Eleven methodological hypotheses for confronting this task are then proposed.

Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning of work on `thinking space relationally'. According to its advocates, relational thinking challenges human geography by insisting on an open-ended, mobile, networked, and actor-centred geographic becoming. The paper discusses the importance of this `relational turn' by positioning it within the lineage of philosophical approaches to space in geography. Following this, it highlights some silences and limits, namely factors that constrain, structure, and connect space. The paper then offers a moderate relationalism by discussing the notion of `phase space'. This acknowledges relationality but insists on the confined, sometimes inertial, and always context-specific nature of geography. Some challenges for this approach are discussed.

Cumulative attraction or compatibility is a powerful factor in locational decisions of retail outlets, but it has received little attention in the tourism literature. Existing studies largely ignore the impact of spatial and thematic clustering on compatibility between tourism businesses. This research questions whether and how spatial and thematic clustering are related to tourist movements between visitor attractions. The study in Cornwall, England, is based on in‐depth interviews with tourist attraction managers and key informants, complemented by a survey of 435 tourists. It provides insights into the relationship between the nature of the tourism product, spatial clustering and tourism behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article aims to define tourism networks analyzing tourist mobility between destinations. The study adopts network analysis methods, testing a data processing strategy that combines descriptive measurements and clustering tools. A segmentation approach has been employed to investigate differences or similarities between the trip-related attributes of tourists within networks. Data are from a sampling survey carried out on tourists’ visit in Sicily. The results show that the tourist choice defined the role of a destination as “central” or “peripheral” within a network. Tourists build their own networks around nodal destinations, even if they are geographically distant. Thus, tourist mobility affects the shape, the dimension, and the structure of the networks, where tourists are different for characteristics, trip-related behaviors, and type of holiday chosen. The study provides some evidence that can be useful for planning tourism facilities, managing tourism routes, and defining destination management strategies.

The stance and criteria of assessing heritage value reflect the competition for heritage discourse power and the dissemination of values. At present, China's world heritage value assessment is subject to the universal values promoted by the West, and is faced with serious challenges of heritage discourse power. Especially in inbound heritage tourism, namely the frontier of cultural diplomacy, the current heritage practice presents Chinese cultural traditions according to the Western standards, which may presuppose the positions and standards of international tourists to judge the value of heritage, and lose the home field advantage of Chinese cultural diplomacy. With the CPC Central Committee vigorously promoting common values which provide guidelines for heritage value assessment, how to make use of inbound heritage tourism to confirm and disseminate common value positions and standards has become an important issue in heritage practice. In view of this, this paper explores the interaction process between international tourists and the Grand Canal heritage site and the specific paths of international tourists' perceptions and judgments of heritage value based on the theoretical perspective of translocal subjectivity. Suzhou Ancient Canal section of the Grand Canal is taken as the research site. The results show that international tourists interact with the heritage sites at both micro and meso levels, and realize intercultural dialogue and negotiation through two specific paths, including empathic understanding and self-reflexive construction. In this process, international tourists actively perceive and judge the value of the Grand Canal heritage, crossing the narrow, rigid Western-centric cultural value positions presupposed by the universal values, and reaching an open and inclusive civilizational interaction practice, which further promote greater international recognition of the positions and standards of common values. The article attempts to break the hegemonic practices behind the Western universal value theory by introducing the common values' positions and standards. It offers important practical implications for China to strive for the discourse power of world heritage, promote equal interactions among civilizations, and improve Chinese cultural identity.

遗产价值评判的立场与标准隐含了遗产话语权的角逐以及价值观传播的问题。目前，中国世界遗产的价值评定受制于西方所谓的“普遍价值”；特别是在入境遗产旅游这一文化外交的前沿阵地，现行遗产实践按照西方标准来展示中国文化传统，有可能预设了国际游客的遗产价值评判立场与标准，反而丧失了中国文化外交的主场优势。“共同价值”为遗产价值评判提供了指引，如何借力入境遗产旅游的现实情境，证实并传播共同价值立场与标准，是遗产实践的重要议题。鉴于此，本文以大运河苏州段遗产地为例，基于跨地方主体性的理论视角，解析国际游客与大运河遗产地的互动过程及其感知评判遗产价值的具体路径。研究发现：国际游客从微观与中观两个层面来与遗产地互动，并通过移情性理解与自反性建构两种具体路径，实现了不同文化间的对话与协商；这一过程中，国际游客能动地感知评判着大运河遗产的价值，跨越了所谓“普遍价值”所预设的狭隘僵化的、西方中心主义的文化价值立场，达成了开放包容、交融互鉴的文明交往实践，成为共同价值立场与标准的国际群众基础。文章引入共同价值立场与标准来尝试破除西方普遍价值论背后的霸权主义行径，对争取世界遗产话语权、推进文明间平等交往、弘扬中华文化自信具有重要的实践意义。

In February 2019, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Planning Outline for the Protection, Inheritance and Utilization of the Grand Canal Culture. The Outline proposes to build the cultural tourism brand of the "Millennium Canal" and promote the national image of China. However, the brand positioning lacks diverse and divergent perspectives and the core theme of the brand is not prominent. The existing research mainly focuses on the overall brand of the Canal and a brand of a canal city but lacks attention to the regional brand of the Canal. The "Millennium Canal" brand genes are the soul of the national cultural tourism branding and development of the "Millennium Canal". This paper identifies and extracts the "Millennium Canal" brand genes from the online travelogues related to the Grand Canal by using the co-word analysis method in 35 cities at the prefecture-level and above along the Grand Canal. The geographic regionalization based on machine learning was also applied to further analyze the spatial differentiation of the "Millennium Canal" brand genes. The results show that: (1) A gene identification framework for the "Millennium Canal" brand is constructed, which consists of 2 gene categories, 4 gene dimensions, and 14 gene sub-dimensions. (2) The canal core genes and canal-derived genes are mainly distributed along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and there are more canal-associated genes distributed in cities along the Sui-Tang Grand Canal, especially along the Weihe River section. (3) According to the distribution characteristics of the brand genes of the "Millennium Canal", the cities along the canal can be divided into six types of geographical areas, each with different dominant genes and functional positioning. The Grand Canal brand genes, which have been accumulated from thousands of years of history and multiple cultures, are the soul of the building and development of the "Millennium Canal" national cultural tourism brand. The "Millennium Canal" branding relying on the brand genes has positive significance for the integrity preservation of the Grand Canal heritage, the deep integration of culture and tourism industries, and the economic and social development of the regions along the Grand Canal.

“千年运河”品牌基因是“千年运河”国家文化旅游品牌塑造和发展的灵魂。本文以中国大运河沿线35个地级及以上城市为研究对象,运用共词分析法,从与大运河相关的网络游记中识别和提取“千年运河”品牌基因谱系。并运用基于机器学习的地理分区方法,进一步分析了“千年运河”品牌基因的空间分异特征。研究结果： ① 构建了由2个基因类别、4个基因维度和14个基因子维度组成的“千年运河”品牌基因识别框架。② 运河核心基因和运河衍生基因主要分布在京杭大运河沿线,隋唐大运河尤其是卫河河段沿线城市的边缘关联基因分布较多。③ 根据“千年运河”品牌基因的分布特征,可将运河沿线城市划分为6类地理区域,每类地理分区中的主导基因、功能定位不同。研究结果为“千年运河”国家文旅品牌塑造与发展提供参考,也为大运河文化遗产完整性保护与传承提供了新的切入点。

This paper examines the potential role of tourism themed routes, not only as drive tourism products to increase visitation to regional Australia, but also as potential contributors to road network efficiency and improving road safety. The paper is based on extensive research undertaken by Tourism Queensland since the late 1990s into the potential role of themed routes within the tourism framework. These interactive visitor road corridors have demonstrated their ability to affect visitor dispersion, but rely heavily on cross-sector (tourism and transport) cooperation. This paper explores the market for themed routes, examines the potential contribution of tourism themed routes to ‘win-win’ tourism and transport outcomes and highlights the need for greater national coordination.

Peng Hua was a professor at Sun Yat-sen University who was long devoted to Danxia Landform research and geographic tourism. In retrospect, Peng's achievements can be introduced from three aspects. First, through seeking overseas collaboration and applying for nomination of world natural heritage sites, he made a great practical contribution in promoting Danxia Landform as an internationally known heritage. Second, concerning his academic contribution, Peng produced a wealth of nuanced insights in multiple aspects of Danxia Landform, including, but by no means confined to, its typology and evolution and the distribution of red beds. Equally, he systematically compared Danxia landform with many others, both in and outside China. Additionally, in recent years, he made benchmark progress by successfully extending the scope of research on red beds, including its underground and above ground surfaces, such as geological structure, rock properties, geomorphological evolution, natural hazards, soil erosion, land degradation, and its socioeconomic development. Also, Peng Hua initiated the national survey of Danxia Landform and constructed its data platform. Third, in addition to research on Danxia Landform, he devised multiple significant concepts in the fields of tourism planning, tourism culture, urban tourism and regional tourism development. Particularly, the concept of 'Broad Tourism', which was proposed by Peng Hua, has had a massive impact on the academic community of Chinese tourism studies. Based on this concept, he proposed a number of innovative theories and research methods, such as the system and mechanism of tourism, development stages of tourism destinations, integration of tourism exploitation and city construction, market classification analysis, and correspondence analysis of products and demands. To a considerable extent, there is no exaggeration in arguing that these theories provide a bird's-eye view of the tourism development, clarify the differences and inter-connections among the direct, involved, and supportive systems and mobilize the role of tourism in regional development. All in all, Peng's achievements reflect his openness, overall awareness, and optimal portfolio, which helps researchers keep a comprehensive view in dealing with more subtle research of geography.

彭华先生长期从事丹霞地貌和旅游地理研究,为中国丹霞事业和旅游发展做出了突出贡献,是“把论文写在祖国大地上”的科学家的典范。作为中国丹霞地貌研究国际化阶段的代表人物,彭华先生在丹霞地貌分类系统、丹霞地貌发育过程、国内外红层分布及其地貌发育的对比等方面开展了系列研究,同时,针对中国南方湿润环境下红层区严重的地貌灾害和荒漠化问题,用跨学科的思维和方法,开展了红层区地质构造—岩石特性—地貌发育—自然灾害—水土流失—生态退化—综合景观—社会经济发展之间相互关系的综合地理学研究实践,将原来的红层地表研究拓展为“地下+地表+地上”（红层的地质问题+地貌与土地问题+生态问题）的一体化研究,为丹霞地貌的未来研究指明了方向。彭华先生在旅游开发实践中不断总结新思想、新方法和新理论,在旅游地开发、旅游文化、城市旅游、区域旅游发展和旅游规划理论研究方面取得了大量成果,所提出的“大旅游”理念在学界有重要影响。在“大旅游”理念基础上提出的旅游系统及动力机制、旅游地发展阶段论、旅游开发与城市建设一体化、市场分类研究法、产品—需求对应分析法等理论,创新意义显著。彭华先生的学术研究典型体现了地理学的综合性思维和系统性思维。