The Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGSNRR, CAS) is one of the research institutes that carried out the earliest regional agricultural research in China. Based on the original research laboratory on agricultural geography, under the leadership of Prof. Wu Chuanjun and Prof. Deng Jingzhong, the institute always followed the purpose of "meeting the requirements of the state, and establishing subjects by task". Based on the periodic and regional characteristics of agricultural production and development and taking full advantages of comprehensiveness and regionality of geography, it completed a series of prospective, macroscopic, strategic and leading regional agricultural research achievements, including the preliminary opinions on national agricultural regionalization, Xinjiang agricultural regionalization, etc., Those achievements have becomes classic references for regional agricultural research and provided decision support for agricultural macro-control at national and local levels. Carrying on 80 years of experience in theoretical exploration, the IGSNRR, will has constantly expanded and enriched the connotation and value of regional agricultural research based on the existing research on agricultural resources investigation and planning, agricultural ecological hydrology and climate, food production and security, cultivated land protection and management, agricultural economic management and policy innovation, sustainable development of rural regional system, etc. In addition, it will undertake an important task of serving the formulation and implementation of national strategies and leading the innovation and development of basic disciplines.

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所作为国内开展区域农业研究最早的研究机构之一,坚持遵循“面向国家需求,以任务带学科”的宗旨,基于农业生产及发展的阶段性和地域性特点,充分发挥地理学综合性和区域性的学科优势,完成了一系列前瞻性、战略性、引领性的区域农业研究成果,包括全国农业区划初步意见、新疆地区农业区划等,不仅成为区域农业研究的经典参考,同时也为国家及地方层面农业宏观调控提供了决策支持。承载80年的理论探索与经验总结,新时期地理资源所将在现有农业资源调查与区划、农业生态水文与气候、典型区粮食生产与安全、耕地利用保护与管理、农业经济管理与政策创新、乡村地域系统可持续发展等研究领域基础上,不断拓宽与丰富区域农业研究的内涵与价值,担负起服务国家战略制定实施、引领基础学科创新发展的时代重任。

Agricultural production is strongly affected by and a major contributor to climate change. Agriculture and land-use change account for a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture receives around US$600 billion per year worldwide in government support. No rigorous quantification of the impact of this support on GHG emissions has been available. This article helps fill the void. Here, we find that, while over the years the government support has incentivized the development of high-emission farming systems, at present, the support only has a small impact in terms of inducing additional global GHG emissions from agricultural production; partly because support is not systematically biased towards high-emission products, and partly because support generated by trade protection reduces demand for some high-emission products by raising their consumer prices. Substantially reducing GHG emissions from agriculture while safeguarding food security requires a more comprehensive revamping of existing support to agriculture and food consumption.

According to the statistics of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), fossil fuel (FF) CO2 emission comprises a major proportion of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The inverse modeling approach was proposed to verify the results of the traditional bottom-up inventory based on atmospheric concentration (remote sensing and ground-based measurement) in the refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories on the 49th IPCC Plenary Session in 2019. This approach would further promote the development of high-resolution FFCO2 emission inventory which serves as the spatially and temporally distributed form of emission inventory and the prior input data for the inverse model. This paper hereby summarized the spatial distribution and temporal disaggregation approaches of high-resolution FFCO2 emission inventory from global and national scales to a city-wide scale, and put forward the future research prospects based on the specific requirements for high-resolution emission inventories in this 2019 refinement to the IPCC Guidelines: (1) the refined IPCC methodology will help to further improve the spatial and temporal resolution and the accuracy of FFCO2 emission inventories; and the high-resolution FFCO2 emission inventory concerning indirect emissions is emerging. (2) It is a good practice to compile a high-resolution FFCO2 emission inventory with the detailed spatial and temporal information from facility-level emission data, the remote sensing images and the intelligent transportation big data, while the use of geospatial surrogate data or proxy variables, and modeling such as regression, assimilation and artificial neural network, is also necessary to improve the accuracy of the estimates both spatially and temporally when the directly applicable data are unavailable. (3) The uncertainty information of the spatial distribution and temporal disaggregation should be qualitatively or quantitatively analyzed. The atmospheric inversion verification approach, as an independent and objective accounting method, will play an important role in QA/QC and verification of the high-resolution FFCO2 emission inventory.

化石能源（FF）CO₂排放是全球人为温室气体排放的主体,作为衔接国家排放清单和大气反演验证途径的关键环节,2019年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）对《国家温室气体清单指南》进行修订,势必将推动高分辨率FFCO₂排放清单的进一步规范发展。本文结合修订版指南中对于高分辨率排放清单的具体要求,从全球尺度、国家及以下尺度两个层面对高时空分辨率FFCO₂排放清单的构建方法进行梳理和归纳,并对其研究趋势进行展望。① IPCC方法学的进一步修订与完善,将有助于进一步提高FFCO₂排放清单的时空分辨率和精度;而构建包含间接排放的高分辨率FFCO₂排放清单正在兴起。② 作为大气反演模型的先验数据,采用自下而上的部门方法,直接获取排放统计数据,是编制高分辨率FFCO₂排放清单的首要途径;而通过替代变量及建模途径进行排放总量的时空分配,也是编制高分辨率FFCO₂排放清单的必要手段。③ 清单的不确定性分析中,需要考虑时空分配所带来的不确定性信息;基于大气观测的反演验证途径将作为独立于排放清单的一种客观核算手段,将在清单的质量保证/质量控制与验证中发挥重要作用。

Straw return has been widely recommended as an environmentally friendly practice to manage carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. However, the overall trend and magnitude of changes in soil C in response to straw return remain uncertain. In this meta-analysis, we calculated the response ratios of soil organic C (SOC) concentrations, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, nutrient contents and other important soil properties to straw addition in 176 published field studies. Our results indicated that straw return significantly increased SOC concentration by 12.8 ± 0.4% on average, with a 27.4 ± 1.4% to 56.6 ± 1.8% increase in soil active C fraction. CO2 emission increased in both upland (27.8 ± 2.0%) and paddy systems (51.0 ± 2.0%), while CH4 emission increased by 110.7 ± 1.2% only in rice paddies. N2 O emission has declined by 15.2 ± 1.1% in paddy soils but increased by 8.3 ± 2.5% in upland soils. Responses of macro-aggregates and crop yield to straw return showed positively linear with increasing SOC concentration. Straw-C input rate and clay content significantly affected the response of SOC. A significant positive relationship was found between annual SOC sequestered and duration, suggesting that soil C saturation would occur after 12 years under straw return. Overall, straw return was an effective means to improve SOC accumulation, soil quality, and crop yield. Straw return-induced improvement of soil nutrient availability may favor crop growth, which can in turn increase ecosystem C input. Meanwhile, the analysis on net global warming potential (GWP) balance suggested that straw return increased C sink in upland soils but increased C source in paddy soils due to enhanced CH4 emission. Our meta-analysis suggested that future agro-ecosystem models and cropland management should differentiate the effects of straw return on ecosystem C budget in upland and paddy soils. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

根据山东省农作物秸秆利用工作实际,阐述现阶段山东省农作物秸秆利用工作思路和现状,介绍山东省农作物秸秆利用典型案例和装备现状,指出现阶段山东省农作物秸秆利用中存在的问题,针对这些问题,提出山东农作物秸秆利用建议。

The green transformation of agriculture has become an inevitable choice of rural vitalization and agricultural/rural reforms, and exploring the relationship between agricultural production system transition and its environmental effects is urgently needed, thus fueling the high-quality development. Based on the typological method, this paper divides the agricultural transition models into the transformation from traditional management into modern agriculture in suburban regions and the transformation from traditional management into modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions. The agricultural production patterns in plain regions can be classified into modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions, traditional management agriculture in suburban regions, modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions, and traditional management agriculture in exurb regions. Furthermore, this paper constructs an analytical framework, which takes the “the adaptive reactions of the main body-elements changes-environmental responses” as the mainline, to analyze the mechanism and characteristics of agricultural production system transition and its environmental effects from the dimensions of drawing force, supporting force and tractive force. The mechanism of the environmental effect of the transformation of the agricultural production system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the disturbance to the agricultural ecosystem by the irrational input of capital, technology, and labor under the goal of increasing production and income and the constraints of regional natural conditions. The coupling patterns of agricultural production and their environmental effects are encapsulated into modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions with severe pollution, modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions with moderate pollution, modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions with severe pollution, and modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions with moderate pollution. In light of the results, policy recommendations are provided.

农业绿色转型已经成为乡村振兴与农业农村深化改革的必然选择,亟待探索农区农业生产转型与其环境效应的空间分异规律与地域类型,从而推进农业的高质量发展。本文基于类型学视角采用判别法将黄淮海平原农区的农业生产类型划分为城市近郊现代集约型、城市近郊传统经营型、城市远郊现代集约型和城市远郊传统经营型。从拉力、支撑力及引导力的视角,构建以“发展主体适应-要素变化-环境响应”为主线的分析框架,解读了农业生产系统转型及其环境效应的动力机制和特征。黄淮海平原农业生产系统转型负向环境效应的形成机制为在增产增收的目标导向及区域自然条件约束下,资本、技术及劳动力的非理性投入对农业生态系统的扰动。将农业生产系统转型与环境效应的耦合类型划分为城郊现代集约高强度污染型、城郊现代集约中度污染型、城市远郊现代集约高强度污染型和城市远郊现代集约中度污染型。基于以上分析,从普适性与异质性视角提出了相应的政策启示与优化调控策略,以期实现平原农区农业生产系统的可持续健康转型。

The theory on the cyclic adaptaion between society and ecosystem sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human-land system. This paper introduces the risk index (RI) and adaptation capacity index (ACI) to evaluate the rural human-land system, and sets up an evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human-land system, under the effects of climate change and policy implementation. On this basis, the stages, features, control factors, and evolution mechanism were examined for the adaptability of rural human-land system in Darhan Mumingan United Banner from 1952 to 2017. The main results are as follows: (1) The evolution of the rural human-land system can be divided into three stages, namely, the reorganization and rapid development stage from 1952 to 2002 (population: +260%; cultivated land area: +13%; livestock: +134%; degradated grassland area: +16.33%), the rapid to stable development stage from 2003 to 2010 (population: +2.8%; cultivated land area: -2.3%; livestock: -13.6%; degradated grassland area: -10.7%), and the stable to release stage from 2011 to 2017 (population: -2.6%; cultivated land area: -0.2%; livestock: -10.6%; degradated grassland area: -3.8%). (2) With the elapse of time, the ACI of the rural human-land system went through a slow rise (-0.016-0.031), a slow decline (0.031-0.003), and a rapid rise (0.003-0.088). In terms of space, the adaptability is high in the middle, moderate in the north, and low in the south. (3) The adaptability evolution of the rural human-land system was mainly controlled by the per-capita effective irrigation area (22.31%) and the per-capita number of livestocks (23.47%) from 1990 to 2000, the desertification area of land (25.06%) and the land use intensity (21.27%) from 2000 to 2005, and the per-capita income of farmers and herdsmen (20.08%) and the per-capita number of livestocks (18.52%) from 2010 to 2007. (4) Under the effects of climate change and policy implementation, the cyclic adaptaion of the rural human-land system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects: farmers and herdsmen, and rural communities. The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects, which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system. As a result, the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states. Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of rural human-land system.

社会—生态系统适应性循环理论为理解人地系统结构与功能演变提供了新思路与分析框架。本文采用风险—适应能力指数评估乡村人地系统适应性,构建气候变化与政策实施双重驱动的农牧复合型乡村人地系统适应性评价体系,对1952—2017年达茂旗建旗以来乡村人地系统适应性循环演化的阶段、特征、主控因子及影响机理进行研究。结果显示：① 乡村人地系统经历了重组—快速发展阶段（1952—2002年）,人口数量增长260%,耕地面积增长13%,牲畜数量增长134%,草场面积退化增加了16.33%;快速发展—稳定守恒阶段（2003—2010年）,人口数量增长2.8%,耕地面积减少2.3%,牲畜数量减少13.6%,草场退化面积减少10.7%;稳定守恒—释放阶段（2011—2017年）,人口数量减少2.6%,耕地数量减少0.2%,牲畜数量减少10.6%,草场退化面积减少3.8%。② 乡村人地系统适应性指数时间上呈现出缓慢上升（-0.016~0.031）、缓慢下降（0.031~0.003）、快速上升（0.003~0.088）的变化过程,空间上呈现“中部高度适应、北部中度适应、南部低度适应”格局。③ 1990—2000年系统适应性演化主控因子是人均有效灌溉面积（22.31%）、人均牲畜头数（23.47%）,2005年是土地沙化程度（25.06%）、土地利用强度（21.27%）,2010—2017年是农牧民人均收入（20.08%）、人均牲畜数量（18.52%）。④ 在气候暖干化与政策实施驱动下,农牧户与乡村社区两个尺度主体相互联系构成了乡村人地系统适应性循环演化层级结构,尺度间的关联作用影响着不同尺度主体适应行为,从而影响系统适应性循环演化趋势,使系统结构与功能呈现“协调—不协调”的循环往复波动发展态势。同时,小尺度的农牧户生计适应行也深刻影响着乡村人地系统未来的演化方向。

As the international political and economic situation has been undergoing profound changes, achieving regional coordinated development is essential for China to form a new development pattern dominated by the domestic economic cycle. The Bole-Taipei Line, which is perpendicular to the Hu Huanyong Line and is proposed by Professor Fang Chuanglin in February 2020, has the potential to be an appropriate representative of the coordinated and balanced line of China's regional development. By investigating the spatio-temporal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions among 338 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2015, and making use of the Theil index and the Gini coefficient that are appropriate for measuring the spatial equality on both sides of the Bole-Taipei Line and within the southwest and northeast parts, respectively, this paper attempts, for the first time, to underpin the scientific basis of the Bole-Taipei Line as China's regional coordinated development line. We find that: (1) Overall emissions of the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and fluorinated greenhouse gas show a balanced distribution on both sides of the Bole-Taipei Line, and there are small regional differences in sectoral CO2 emission intensity and per capita CO2 emissions. (2) There is a generally balanced distribution of greenhouse gas emission intensity and per capita emissions, as well as the sectoral CO2 emission intensity and per capita emissions within the southwest and northeast parts of the Bole-Taipei Line. The industrial and agricultural sectors serve as the major emitters of greenhouse gases and therefore require a low-carbon transition towards a more balanced distribution of greenhouse gas emissions on both sides of the Bole-Taipei Line. In conclusion, the greenhouse gas emissions as a measure of the magnitude of human activities on both sides of the Bole-Taipei Line are relatively balanced, which has justified the scientific robustness and rationality of the Bole-Taipei Line as a strategic line for socioeconomic development, and provided novel insights into China's regional coordinated development.

国际政治经济形势正在发生深刻变化,实现区域协调均衡发展对于形成以国内大循环为主的新发展格局至关重要。方创琳于2020年2月提出垂直于胡焕庸线的博台线可以表征中国区域发展的均衡格局。本文通过对中国338个地级市的温室气体排放水平进行分析,旨在论证博台线作为中国区域发展均衡线的合理性和可能性。结果显示：① 2015年二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）、氧化亚氮（N₂O）和含氟温室气体总量以博台线为界呈南北对称的空间分布格局,且博台线两侧各类温室气体的排放强度和人均排放量分布基本均衡,各产业部门CO₂排放强度和人均排放量的区域差异均较小;② 博台线西南半壁和东北半壁内各类温室气体排放在GDP和人口维度上总体呈均衡分布态势,且各部门CO₂排放强度和人均排放量的空间分布也较为均衡。总体而言,博台线两侧表征人类活动强度的温室气体排放水平较为均衡,一定程度上反映出其作为中国区域发展战略均衡线的科学性与合理性。

We present a unique, biologically consistent, spatially disaggregated global livestock dataset containing information on biomass use, production, feed efficiency, excretion, and greenhouse gas emissions for 28 regions, 8 livestock production systems, 4 animal species (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, and poultry), and 3 livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs). The dataset contains over 50 new global maps containing high-resolution information for understanding the multiple roles (biophysical, economic, social) that livestock can play in different parts of the world. The dataset highlights: (i) feed efficiency as a key driver of productivity, resource use, and greenhouse gas emission intensities, with vast differences between production systems and animal products; (ii) the importance of grasslands as a global resource, supplying almost 50% of biomass for animals while continuing to be at the epicentre of land conversion processes; and (iii) the importance of mixed crop–livestock systems, producing the greater part of animal production (over 60%) in both the developed and the developing world. These data provide critical information for developing targeted, sustainable solutions for the livestock sector and its widely ranging contribution to the global food system.

The environmental effect of agricultural agglomeration is more complicated than that of other industries, but there is a deficiency of the research on it. This study calculated the level of agricultural agglomeration and the emissions of agricultural non-point pollutants in Chinese prefecture-level cities by using the panel data of these cities on the basis of the theoretical analysis. Then we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural agglomeration and agricultural non-point source pollution and the threshold effect of agricultural agglomeration level on agricultural non-point source pollution based on GIS spatial analysis and econometric model. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Agricultural agglomeration and agricultural non-point source pollution of COD, TN and TP show different characteristics in temporal variation, spatial distribution, spatial correlation and spatial trends. (2) Agricultural agglomeration has single threshold effect on COD, TN and TP pollution, and positive correlation with them. When the level of agricultural agglomeration is below the threshold value, it contributes to agricultural pollution significantly, and as the level of agglomeration becomes higher than the threshold value, the situation of rapid pollution will be mitigated. (3) The change from agricultural agglomeration to emissions of three agricultural non-point source pollutants develops in two stages. This change depends on the intensification and restriction of the scale effect, structure effect, technical effect, social effect and cumulative effect on the emissions of agricultural non-point source pollution produced by agricultural agglomeration and it is reflected in the concrete agricultural production behavior. With the increase of agricultural agglomeration, the effect of each effect is obvious and the level of pollution increases significantly, however, the inhibition ability of pollution emission is improved and the external effect of negative environment is weakened at the stage of crossing the threshold. (4) The agricultural economic level and agricultural production conditions aggravate the COD, TN and TP agricultural non-point source pollution to some extent; the structure of animal husbandry industry and environmental regulation have a positive correlation with COD and TP agricultural non-point source pollution; the improvement of producer quality can affect farmers' production behavior and improve the agricultural environment. (5) The effect of agricultural agglomeration on pollution reduction of COD agricultural non-point source pollution is weak and COD agricultural non-point source pollution is more serious and mainly from animal husbandry.

农业集聚的环境效应相比其他产业更为复杂,然而学术界对此探讨较少。在理论分析的基础上,利用2007—2015年中国337个地级市面板数据,核算农业集聚水平与农业面源污染排放量,并采用空间分析技术、计量模型,实证探究农业集聚与农业面源污染的时空特征及农业集聚对农业面源污染的门槛效应。结果显示：① 农业集聚与COD、TN、TP三种农业面源污染在时序变化、空间布局、空间关联以及空间趋势变化上特征相异。② 农业集聚对COD、TN、TP农业面源污染皆呈现正相关的单门槛效应。低于门槛值阶段,农业集聚水平的提高显著加剧了农业污染,集聚水平跨过门槛值后,污染加剧形势有所缓和。③ 农业集聚与农业面源污染之间经历的两个阶段,取决于规模效应、结构效应、技术效应、社会效应、累积效应分别对农业面源污染排放的加剧与制约作用。随着农业集聚水平提高,各效应增污作用明显,导致污染水平显著提高,进入高于门槛值的阶段,各效应对污染排放的抑制能力提升,削弱了部分负环境外部效应。④ 农业经济水平、农业生产条件在一定程度上加剧了COD、TN、TP污染;畜牧业结构、环境规制对COD、TP污染存在显著的正相关关系;生产者素质的提高可以影响农户生产行为并改善农业环境。⑤ 农业集聚对COD污染的降污效应较弱,农业COD污染较为严重且主要来源于畜牧业养殖,畜牧业污染防治亟待加强。

Food security is the basic foundation in accomplishing of the overall Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As the objective in SDGs of "halving the proportion of hungry people by 2015" has not been achieved as scheduled, it will become more challenging to realize its final goal of zero hunger by 2030. So exploring the underlying causes of global food security pattern from perspectives of spatio-temporal evolution is badly needed. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation method with multi-indices was applied to evaluate the food security level of 172 countries in 2000-2014 based on an established global database with country-specific time series data. Then the spatial pattern and changing characteristics of global food security by country was conducted through the spatial autocorrelation analysis. Upon this basis, the underlying factors affecting the food security pattern were further identified and analyzed with a multiple nonlinear regression method. The findings and results show that: (1) The global food security pattern can be summarized as "high-high and low-low agglomerations" of socio-economic status and food security level. The most food secure countries are mainly distributed in the regions with more advanced economy such as North America, Oceania, parts of East Asia, and Western Europe. On the contrary, the least food secure countries are mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, West Asia, and parts of Southeast Asia. (2) At 99% confidence level, Western Europe and sub-Saharan Africa are respectively the hot and cold spots in global food security landscape, while in non-aggregation areas such as Haiti and North Korea, there exist long-term food insecurity problems. (3) The spatio-temporal pattern of global food security is generally stable, but the internal changes in the extremely insecure groups are significant. The countries with the most changeable levels of food security are also the countries with the most food insecurity. (4) Annual mean temperature, per capita GDP, the proportion of people who have access to clean water, and political stability are the key factors affecting the global food security pattern. The study indicates that while the global food security situation has improved since 2000, there was a reverse sign or omen in 2013. Affected by climate change, residents' purchasing power, infrastructure condition, and political and economic stability, global food security has in fact been volatile and some areas in the world are still facing acute food security problems. In addressing this challenge, a food security strategy based on the four dimensions, i.e. food supply, food access, food use and political stability, and a worldwide rural revitalization approach, is highly recommended. Meanwhile, it is necessary to progressively introduce some diversified modes of production such as urban agriculture to build a more resilient food system in those fully urbanized regions.

粮食安全是实现可持续发展整体目标的基础,由于“至2015年使饥饿人口比例减半”的千年发展目标并未如期实现,使得2030年零饥饿目标的实现面临更大挑战。鉴于此,亟需从全球粮食安全格局的时空演化中寻找全球粮食安全问题的内在原因。在建立粮食安全评价因子数据集和粮食安全影响因素数据集的基础上,运用多指标综合评价法评价2000—2014年172个国家的粮食安全水平;进而通过空间自相关分析研究全球粮食安全格局的空间模式与变化特征;在此基础上运用多元非线性回归方法分析粮食安全格局的影响因素。结果表明：① 全球粮食安全格局呈现出社会经济发展与粮食安全水平“高—高集聚、低—低集聚”的空间模式,其中高值区主要分布在除东欧以外的欧洲区域、北美洲、大洋洲和东亚部分国家,低值区主要集中在撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和西亚地区、以及东南亚部分国家;② 在99%的置信水平上,欧洲和撒哈拉以南非洲分别是全球粮食安全格局的热点和冷点,在非集聚区,海地和朝鲜等国存在长期粮食不安全问题;③ 全球粮食安全格局总体稳定,但极不安全和不安全组的内部变化明显,粮食安全水平波动最大的国家也是粮食最不安全的国家;④ 年平均气温、人均国内生产总值、获得洁净用水的人口占比、政治稳定与无暴力程度是全球粮食安全格局的主要影响因素。研究表明,自2000年以来,全球粮食安全状况有所改善,但2013年出现趋势性逆转。受气候变化、居民购买力、健康卫生水平和政治经济稳定性影响,全球粮食安全始终波动不稳,局部区域目前仍面临突出的粮食安全问题。为此,建议制定基于粮食供给、食物获取、食物利用和政治稳定性四大支柱的粮食安全战略,并通过全球乡村振兴策略来推动粮食安全建设,同时逐步引入城市农业等多元化生产方式,使高度城市化区域建立起更富弹性的食物系统。