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地理学报 >

2025 , Vol. 80 >Issue 4: 956 - 975

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202504007

城市与区域发展

美国对外援助的时空演化及其驱动路径

  • 曹宛鹏 , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • 杜德斌 , 1, 2, 3
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  • 1.华东师范大学世界地理与地缘战略研究中心，上海 200062
  • 2.华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院，上海 200062
  • 3.华东师范大学地理科学学院，上海 200241
杜德斌(1963-), 男, 湖北宜昌人, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为世界政治经济地理与科技创新政策。E-mail:

曹宛鹏(1994-), 男, 河南镇平人, 博士, 讲师, 研究方向为世界经济地理与地缘战略。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2023-08-05

  修回日期: 2025-01-28

  网络出版日期: 2025-04-23

基金资助

国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD330)

收起

Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing paths of U.S. aid

  • CAO Wanpeng , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • DU Debin , 1, 2, 3
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  • 1. Center for World Geography and Geostrategic Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 2. Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 3. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received date: 2023-08-05

  Revised date: 2025-01-28

  Online published: 2025-04-23

Supported by

Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD330)

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摘要

对外援助是美国外交政策的工具，也是透视美国国家战略的窗口。在当前全球局部冲突与动荡频发之际，探讨美国对外援助的动机有助于理解和把握美国的国家战略意图。本文利用2000—2019年美国对外援助数据，借助GIS空间分析和模糊集定性比较分析等方法，从利他主义、利己主义和功利主义3个方面，探讨美国对外援助的空间演化规律及其驱动路径。研究发现：① 美国对外援助呈现出先增后稳的基本趋势，军事安全和经济发展援助是重点援助类型。② 美国对外援助时空分异显著。中东和北非长期是援助重点地区但有降低趋势，主要受军事安全、经济发展和人道主义援助；撒哈拉以南非洲国家是新的援助增长极，主要受社会部门、经济发展和人道主义援助；其他地区受美国援助规模较小且逐步降低。③ 美国对外援助的关键驱动因素由经济发展水平和出口规模向地缘战略、政治关系和制度质量因素拓展，总体呈现出由经济利益驱动逐步向地缘政治利益驱动转变的趋势，这可能与美国的战略重心东移有关。从具体援助类型来看，经济发展、社会部门、人道主义和其他援助属于经济利益驱动型，军事安全援助属于地缘政治利益驱动型，民主政治援助属于民主价值驱动型。不同类型援助服务于不同的对外政策目标，共同构成美国追寻自身利益的工具。本文可为中国对外政策制定提供参考。

关键词： 对外援助; 地缘政治; 时空格局; 驱动路径; 美国

本文引用格式

曹宛鹏 , 杜德斌 . 美国对外援助的时空演化及其驱动路径[J]. 地理学报, 2025 , 80(4) : 956 -975 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202504007

Abstract

Foreign aid is a tool of U.S. foreign policy and provides a window into U.S. national strategy. In the era marked by frequent local conflicts and global turmoil, delving the motives of U.S. aid can enhance our comprehension of U.S. national strategic objectives. Utilizing U.S. aid data from 2000 to 2019, this paper examines the spatial evolution patterns in U.S. aid and its driving paths, considering altruistic, egoistic, and utilitarian motives. This analysis is conducted using GIS spatial analysis and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The results show that: (1) Total U.S. aid exhibits a basic trend of initial growth followed by stabilization, with military security aid and economic development aid as the primary categories of U.S. aid. (2) There are significant spatial and temporal differences in the distribution of U.S. aid. The Middle East and North Africa region has been a long-standing aid priority but is trending downwards, with an emphasis on military security aid, economic development aid, and humanitarian assistance. Sub-Saharan African countries have emerged as new hubs for U.S. aid, with primary focuses on social sector aid, economic development aid, and humanitarian aid. Meanwhile, other regions have seen diminishing amounts of U.S. aid. (3) The key drivers of U.S. aid have expanded from the level of economic development and U.S. exports to geostrategic, political relations and institutional quality factors, with an overall trend of a gradual shift from being driven by economic interests to geopolitical interests. This may be related to the eastward shift of the U.S. strategic centre of gravity. In terms of specific types of aid, economic development aid, social sector aid and humanitarian aid are economic interest-driven, military security aid is geopolitical interest-driven, and democratic political aid is democratic value-driven. The different types of aid serve different foreign policy objectives and together constitute a tool for the U.S. to pursue its political and economic interests. This paper can provide some reference for China's foreign policy making.

Key words： foreign aid; geopolitics; spatio-temporal pattern; drive paths; U.S.

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