城市绿地休闲服务供需失衡关键区识别与规划干预优先级划分
辛儒鸿(1990-), 男, 甘肃酒泉人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向为生态系统服务评价与绿色基础设施规划。E-mail: ruhongx@163.com |
收稿日期: 2021-07-23
修回日期: 2023-02-23
网络出版日期: 2023-03-27
基金资助
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SWU-KQ22030)
Identification of key areas of supply-demand imbalance of urban green space recreational service and prioritizationof planning interventions
Received date: 2021-07-23
Revised date: 2023-02-23
Online published: 2023-03-27
Supported by
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-KQ22030)
城市绿地休闲服务是与城市居民关系最为紧密的城市生态系统服务类型之一。识别城市绿地休闲服务供需失衡关键区并划分规划干预优先级,对于精准提升城市绿地休闲服务供给效率、满足城市居民高品质休闲功能需求具有重要作用。本文以厦门岛为例,利用2019年遥感影像数据、兴趣点数据和统计数据等多源数据,应用InVEST模型、ArcGIS平台和GeoDA等空间分析工具,构建了城市绿地休闲服务供需评价指标体系和研究框架,评价了供需水平及空间聚类特征,并识别划分出供需失衡关键区和规划干预优先级。结果表明:① 厦门岛生境质量和植被生长状态均呈现“南优北劣”的空间分布特征;城市绿地休闲服务供给能力存在显著的空间集聚特征,高—高热点区集中于南部和西部片区。② 常住人口密度与POI核密度均呈现出“总体均质、片区集中”的空间集聚特征;特殊人群人均绿地资源享有率差异较大;城市绿地休闲服务需求水平与供给能力的空间集聚特征相反,高—高热点区分散于西南部及中部片区。③ 识别出387个“低供—高需”失衡关键区单元,主要分布于厦门岛中部及北部片区的居住区,该类区域面临城市绿地休闲服务供不应求的严峻挑战,需要重点修复和优化。④ 划分出5个规划干预优先级,有44个单元处于Ⅳ-Ⅴ级优先区,该类区域需要优先干预,以精准缓解城市绿地休闲服务供需矛盾。
辛儒鸿 , 曾坚 , 梁晨 . 城市绿地休闲服务供需失衡关键区识别与规划干预优先级划分[J]. 地理学报, 2023 , 78(3) : 762 -774 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202303016
Urban green space recreational service is one of the types of urban ecosystem services that are closely related to urban residents. Identifying the key areas of imbalance between supply and demand of urban green space recreational service and prioritizing the planning intervention will play an important role in accurately improving the supply efficiency of urban green space recreational service and meeting the needs of urban residents for high-quality recreational functions. This paper takes Xiamen Island as the research object, and conducts quantitative analysis using 2019 remote sensing data, point of interest data, statistical data and other multi-source data. And, the spatial analysis tools such as InVEST model, ArcGIS platform and GeoDA are used to build the evaluation index system and research framework of urban green space recreation service supply and demand. On this basis, the supply and demand level and spatial clustering characteristics are evaluated, and the key areas of supply and demand imbalance and the priority of planning intervention are identified. The main results are as follows: (1) The habitat quality and vegetation growth status of Xiamen Island showed the spatial distribution characteristics of "superior in the south and inferior in the north"; there are significant spatial agglomeration characteristics in the supply capacity of urban green space recreational service, and high-high hotspots are concentrated in the southern and western parts of the study area. (2) Both the density of permanent population and the density of POI cores showed the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of "overall homogeneity and concentration of areas"; the per capita enjoyment rate of green space resources among special groups varies greatly; the demand level of urban green space recreational service is opposite to the spatial agglomeration characteristics of supply capacity, and high-high hotspots are scattered in the southwest and central parts. (3) A total of 387 key units of the "low supply-high demand" imbalance were identified, mainly distributed in residential areas in the central and northern parts of Xiamen Island, which faced the severe challenge of insufficient supply of urban green space recreational service and needed to be repaired and optimized. (4) Five planning intervention priorities are divided, and 44 units are in the IV-V priority area, which requires priority intervention to accurately alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of urban green space recreational service.
Key words: urban green space; recreational service; supply and demand; priority; Xiamen Island
表1 基于土地利用类型的POI分类及数量特征Tab. 1 POI classification and quantitative characteristics based on land use types |
用地分类 | Ⅰ级POI | Ⅱ级POI | POI数(个) |
---|---|---|---|
公共管理与公共服务设施用地 | 文化设施 | 博物馆、展览馆、会展中心等 | 39 |
教育科研 | 高等院校、中学、小学、幼儿园、科研单位等 | 554 | |
医疗卫生 | 综合医院、专科医院等 | 89 | |
商业服务业设施用地 | 商务商业 | 大型写字楼、办公楼、购物中心等 | 155 |
绿地与交通设施用地 | 交通枢纽 | 火车站、长途汽车站、港口码头等 | 19 |
绿地与广场用地 | 绿地广场 | 公园广场、植物园、风景区等 | 577 |
表2 指标含义及权重Tab. 2 Indicator meaning and weight |
指标类型 | 指标含义 | 属性 | 权重 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
供给指标 | 生境质量指数 | 绿地系统对外部胁迫因子的敏感程度 | 正向 | 0.53 |
NDVI指数 | 绿地系统自身植物的生长状况 | 正向 | 0.47 | |
需求指标 | 常住人口密度 | 以居住功能主导的休闲服务静态需求 | 正向 | 0.34 |
POI核密度 | 以商业功能主导的人口集聚所产生的休闲服务动态需求 | 正向 | 0.34 | |
特殊人群人均绿地服务区位熵 | 特殊社会群体对城市绿地休闲服务的需求偏好 | 负向 | 0.32 |
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