道路基础设施建设是城市运营与发展的基本环节,也是实现城乡基础设施一体化的重要途径与内容。北京市长期实行“环状+发射状”的城市路网格局,对城市基础设施建设和时间可达性产生了重要影响。尤其是近些年来,随着城市机动车保有量的快速增加,城市核心区与主要干道的交通设施负载量巨增,严重制约了城市的通勤效率,加重了人民的生活负担。为应对挑战,实现交通设施跨越式发展,北京市自2008 年以来加快了轨道交通建设步伐,以改善城市的通勤能力。本文采用一般道路设施与轨道交通(矢删数据) 结合的方法对北京城区进行了时间可达性的综合度量和其空间特征的分析。通过可达性与道路密度双重指标的运用进行区域综合分区,本文进一步揭示了北京市城区内的空间可达性特征和道路基础设施建设情况以及两者在南北城区内的空间表征差异。在综合分区的基础上,分析2008 年以来各个区域土地利用效益与区位因素的相互关系,甄别土地利用效益区位因素的区域差异性,从而对不同分区的城市建设、城市发展规划与土地资源优化配置提供科学支撑。
Construction of road infrastructure is a fundamental aspect of the city operation and development, as well as an important pathway and focus to realize the physical urban-rural integration. The long period implementation of "ring + radiation" road system in Beijing has brought a major impact on its urban infrastructure construction and its time accessibility. Particularly in recent years, the rapid increase of private cars in Beijing has become a greater burden to its road system, which has in turn seriously hampered the urban commuting efficiency and added the costs to people's lives. To deal with such challenges and enhance the frog-leap development of transport infrastructure, Beijing has speeded up its development pace in light railway construction since 2008, so as to improve its commuting capacity. This paper tries to measure the time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in the urban areas of Beijing by applying a combined method of vector and raster attribute data generated from major roads and rail transport infrastructure. By using a dual index of accessibility and road density, the paper further reveals the features of spatial accessibility and construction of road systems in the urban areas of the capital, as well as their different presences in the northern and southern parts of the city. The findings of this paper could provide a scientific basis for future urban planning and road system construction for Beijing Municipality.
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