温度是重要的气候要素之一。一般习惯于用气温年变曲线和年较差来描述气温的年变特征,但是借助于谐波分析可以了解包括温度在内的诸气候要素季节变化的空间分布性状。早在五十年代初,么枕生曾用分布不均匀、记录年代相差悬殊的81个站的温度资料进行了谐波分析计算,并计算其对太阳辐射相对的落后,据以划分中国气候区域。

In this paper, the mean monthly air temperature data series before 1980 for continuous 23-30 years at 210 stations distributed relatively homogeneous over China are subjected to harmonic analysis. It shows that the annual march of air temperature over China is satisfactorily described by tre first harmonic. Three factors decide the characteristic distribution of the amplitude of the first harmonic: the latitude, the ocean and the altitude. There is no conspicous relation-ship between the distribution of the phase- angle of the first harmonic and latitude, hence, it reflects the degree of oceanic effect better than the amplitude of the first harmonic.By using Gorczynski formula and Conrad formula, to calculate. The continentality over China. The results indicate that the conventional index of continentality can not satisfactorily eliminate the effect of latitude. As the difference between oceanic climate and continental climate includes two aspects: the annual range and the type of annual march of air temperature, hence, according to the conventional continentality index and the lag of air temperature behind solar radiation, seven climatic types are identified in China.