随着高速铁路的大规模建设,其安全性、经济性以及与民航之间的竞争越来越成为人们关注的焦点.在交通基础设施空间组织和经济作用凸显成效的背景下,研究区域间快速交通的市场竞争与合作,对提高交通资源的空间效率具有重要意义.本研究基于GIS空间分析技术,研究高铁站点、机场通过公路交通在1 h、2 h 内空间服务市场可达性的测度和高铁、民航空间服务市场重叠情况,对目前及“十二五”期间高铁与民航的空间服务市场的竞合关系进行了空间效应探讨和模拟.结果显示,高铁和航空均主要倾向于为经济和人口服务,并能通过公路交通在2 h 范围内覆盖全国绝大部分的人口和GDP.在距离上,高铁与民航不同的技术特点决定其优势市场.在空间上,高铁的服务市场主要集中于东中部地区的经济走廊,而航空在西部地区具有竞争优势.随着高铁与民航市场的空间叠合范围越来越大,城市密集地区、大城市地区、经济走廊将成为两者竞争的主要市场.
With a large-scale construction of high-speed rail, its safety, economy and competition with air transport have become the foci of scholars. Today, transport infrastructure is playing a more and more important role in economic and industry layout. Under the background, the paper conducts studies on the market competition and cooperation of high-speed rail and air transport in China. First, the paper measures the spatial service market of high-speed rail and air transport by road transport with GIS method. Second, the paper analyzes the service overlapping market of high-speed rail and air transport. A city having both a high-speed rail station and an airport or the area enjoying the high-speed rail and air transport service in 1/2 hours by road transport is defined as the overlapping market. Besides, the paper discusses and stimulates the spatial effect of competition and cooperation between high-speed rail and air transport. Results indicate that: (1) Both high-speed rail and air transport are inclined to serve economy and population, and they can cover most of the population and GDP in 2 hours by road transport; (2) Different technique characteristics in distance decide their own advantageous markets. The service market of high-speed rail spatially mainly cover economic belts in Eastern and Central China, and air transport has competitive advantage in Western China. (3) With the rapid construction of high-speed rail and air transport, their overlapping markets will become larger and larger; therefore urban clusters, metropolitan areas, and economic belts will become their major competitive markets. Considering the higher construction costs and a smaller number of passengers as well as its competition with air transport in Western China, we suggest the Central Government slow down the pace of high-speed rail construction in this region.
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