聚落作为一种土地利用类型,是人类活动与自然环境之间相互作用的综合反映。新开垦区的聚落建立与农业土地开垦相辅相成,聚落格局演变可反映出土地开垦的过程。聚落地名,记录人类移居到新开垦区域时的直观状况,对于认识土地开发过程和恢复土地利用/覆被变化的历史进程有着重要的价值。本文根据地名志资料,将聚落地名依据不同的土地开垦类型进行划分,提出了土地开垦—聚落地名的分类方法,在此基础上辨识出土地开垦—聚落类型,即官垦聚落和民垦聚落,其中民垦聚落又可分为自发移民聚落和政府招垦聚落,并得到各类型聚落近300年来的时空格局演变过程,为认识吉林省土地利用/覆被变化提供依据,也为利用聚落地名进行土地开垦格局重建提供尝试。
Settlements, as a land-use type, can reflect the interaction between human activities and natural environment. In a new cultivation area, establishment of new settlements and agricultural land cultivation were carried out simultaneously, which made it possible to identify the process of land cultivation through studying the temporal and spatial growth of settlements. Settlement names, which recorded the actual situation when people migrated to a new cultivated area, have very important values in research on land exploitation and historical process of land use/cover change. Based on the chorography of toponym in Jilin, this paper studied settlement names according to different types of land cultivation, and developed a method of classification for land cultivation-settlements. Then it identified two types of land cultivation-settlement, which were governmental cultivation-settlements and individual cultivation-settlements. Furthermore the latter could also be divided into two sub-types, individual migration-settlements and governmental recruitment-settlements. In this paper, the process of temporal-spatial distribution of land cultivation in Jilin Province in the past 300 years has been recognized, which may be helpful to study the land use/cover change in Jilin, and also provide an attempt to conduct research on land cultivation based on toponym, or settlement names.
[1] Jin Qiming. Lodging Geography of Rural Area in China. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1989. [金其铭. 中国农村聚落地理. 南京: 江苏科学技术出版社, 1989.]
[2] Entwisle B, Rindfuss R R, Walsh S J et al. Population growth and its spatial distribution as factors in the deforestation ofNang Rong, Thailand. Geoforum, 2006, 9(8): 1-19.
[3] Wang Jitong. The Essay of Toponym. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 1999. [王际桐. 王际桐地名论稿. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 1999.]
[4] Hua Linfu. History of Chinese Toponym. Jinan: Qilu Press, 2006. [华林甫. 中国地名史话. 济南: 齐鲁书社, 2006.]
[5] Lu Hongchang, Li Xiaoming. Toponomy in the research of historical geography: A case study in Hebei Province. Journal ofChinese Historical Geography, 1992, (3): 235-243. [路洪昌, 李晓明. 地名在历史地理研究中的应用: 以河北省地名为例. 中国历史地理论丛, 1992, (3): 235-243.]
[6] Sun Donghu. The flood and settlement development in Wenanwa since the Ming and Qing Dynasty. Journal of ChineseHistorical Geography, 1996, (3): 89-98. [孙冬虎. 明清以来文安洼的水灾与聚落发展. 中国历史地理论丛, 1996, (3):89-98.]
[7] Fang Xiuqi, Ye Yu, Ge Quansheng et al. Land exploitation in the Northeast China during the Qing Dynasty inferred fromthe development of town system. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005, 25(2): 129-134. [方修琦, 叶瑜, 葛全胜等. 从城镇体系的演变看清代东北地区的土地开发. 地理科学, 2005, 25(2): 129-134.]
[8] Han Maoli, Zhang Yi, Fang Chen et al. Location and environment of the settlements and man-land relationship in WestLiaohe River Basin since Holocene. Geographical Research, 2008, 27(5): 1118-1128. [韩茂莉, 张一, 方晨等. 全新世以来西辽河流域聚落环境选择与人地关系. 地理研究, 2008, 27(5): 1118-1128.]
[9] Zheng Weiwei. Research on spatial distribution of villages in southern Hebei Province from 1753 to 1982. Journal ofChinese Historical Geography, 2010, 25(3): 138-147. [郑微微. 地貌与村落扩展: 1753-1982 年河北南部村落研究. 中国历史地理论丛, 2010, 25(3): 138-147.]
[10] Sun Donghu. The settlement development and its historical and geographical naming background in Baiyangdian area.Journal of Hebei Normal University, 1989, (3): 106-110. [孙冬虎. 白洋淀周围聚落发展及其定名的历史地理环境. 河北师大学报, 1989, (3): 106-110.]
[11] Situ Shangji. A historical geography study on toponomy in Guangdong Province. Journal of Chinese HistoricalGeography, 1992, (1): 21-55. [司徒尚纪. 广东地名的历史地理研究. 中国历史地理论丛, 1992, (1): 21-55.]
[12] Wen Pengling, Xu Jianguo. Method of mathematical statistics applied in place name studies. Journal of Nanjing NormalUniversity: Natural Science, 1998, 21(4): 116-120. [文朋陵, 许建国. 数理统计方法在地名研究中的应用. 南京师大学报: 自然科学版, 1998, 21(4): 116-120.]
[13] Yin Junke. Discussion on the regional toponymy. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 2003, 18(3): 68-72. [尹钧科.浅谈区域地名研究. 中国历史地理论丛, 2003, 18(3): 68-72.]
[14] Tao Weining. A toponomy study on the styles of the countryside settlement of the Shannan Hanjiang corridor in Ming andQing Dynasty. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 2003, 18(3): 73-79. [陶卫宁. 明清时期陕南汉江走廊乡村聚落类型的地名研究. 中国历史地理论丛, 2003, 18(3): 73-79.]
[15] Huang Quansheng, Yang Guanghua. The placename of immigration in Sichuan and Huguang people migrate into Sichuan.Journal of Southwest China Normal University: Humanities and Social Sciences Edition, 2005, 31(3): 111-118. [黄权生,杨光华. 四川移民地名与湖广填四川. 西南师范大学学报: 人文社会科学版, 2005, 31(3): 111-118.]
[16] Kan Yaoping. The placename landscape formed by immigration in the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains inthe modern times. Arid Land Geography, 2005, 28(6): 869-873. [阚耀平. 近代天山北麓人口迁移形成的地名景观. 干旱区地理, 2005, 28(6): 869-873.]
[17] Wang Bin, Situ Shangji. Analysis of spatial characteristics of place names landscape based on GIS technology inGuangdong Province. Geographical Research, 2007, 26(2): 238-248. [王彬, 司徒尚纪. 基于GIS 的广东地名景观分析.地理研究, 2007, 26(2): 238-248.]
[18] Conedera M, Vassere S, Neff C et al. Using toponymy to reconstruct past land use: A case study of 'brusada' (burn) insouthern Switzerland. Journal of Historical Geography, 2007, (33): 729-748.
[19] Ling Shen. Relevant studies of the placenames and changes of Jiangsu coastline during the historical period. MarineSciences, 2002, 26(1): 26-30. [凌申. 地名与历史时期江苏海岸变迁的相关研究. 海洋科学, 2002, 26(1): 26-30.]
[20] Xuan Hong, Li Shutian, Yi Baozhong et al. General History of Northeast China. Changchun: Jilin Literature and History Press, 1993. [薛虹, 李澍田, 衣保中等. 中国东北通史. 长春: 吉林文史出版社, 1993.]
[21] Hu Huanyong. Review and prospect on population development in Northeast China. Population Journal, 1982, (6): 60-64.[胡焕庸. 东北地区人口发展的回顾与前瞻. 人口学刊, 1982, (6): 60-64.]
[22] Ye Yu, Fang Xiuqi, Ren Yuyu et al. Cropland cover change in Northeast China during the past 300 years. Science inChina: Series D, 2009, 52(8): 1172-1182. [叶瑜, 方修琦, 任玉玉等. 东北地区过去300 年耕地覆盖变化. 中国科学: D辑, 2009, 39(3): 340-350.]
[23] Compiling Committee of Chorography in Jilin Province. The Chorography of Jilin Province·Agriculture. Changchun:Jilin People's Publishing House, 1993. [吉林省地方志编纂委员会. 吉林省志·农业志: 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 1993.]
[24] Yang Yulian, Wang Gesheng, Zhang Yuxing et al. History of Northeast China in Qing Dynasty. Shenyang: LiaoningEducation Press, 1991. [杨余练, 王革生, 张玉兴等. 清代东北史. 沈阳: 辽宁教育出版社, 1991.]
[25] Compiling Committee of Chorography in Jilin Province. The Chorography of Jilin Province. Changchun: Jilin People'sPublishing House, 1992. [吉林省地方志编纂委员会. 吉林省志. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 1992.]
[26] Compiling Committee of Chorography in Jilin Province. The Chorography of Jilin Province·Overview. Changchun: JilinPeople's Publishing House, 2004. [吉林省地方志编纂委员会. 吉林省志·总述志. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 2004.]
[27] Compiling Committee of Chorography in Jilin Province. The Chorography of Jilin Province·Population. Changchun: JilinPeople's Publishing House, 1992. [吉林省地方志编纂委员会. 吉林省志·人口志. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 1992.]
[28] Compiling Committee of Jilin Province. Gazetteer of China·Jilin Province. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1994. [吉林省编纂委员会. 中华人民共和国地名词典·吉林省. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1994.]
[29] Zeng Zaozao, Fang Xiuqi, Ye Yu. The pattern evolution of settlements in Jilin Province over the past 300 years. ScientiaGeographica Sinica, 2011, 31(1): 87-94. [曾早早, 方修琦, 叶瑜. 吉林省近300 年来聚落格局演变. 地理科学, 2011, 31(3): 87-94.]
[30] Chu Yaping, Yin Junke, Sun Donghu. Toponymy Essentials. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 1994. [褚亚平, 尹钧科, 孙冬虎. 地名学基础教程. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 1994.]
[31] Wu Yufen, Hadan Chaolu, Sun Yuefeng et al. The Chinese General Name of Toponym Annals. Beijing: Surveying andMapping Press, 1993. [吴郁芬, 哈丹朝鲁, 孙越峰等. 中国地名通名集解. 北京: 测绘出版社, 1993.]
