全球生产网络的组织模式和空间特征具有复杂性。国际贸易壁垒作为经济全球化进程中的重要因素，对全球生产网络产生了极为重要的影响。本文以中加自行车贸易为例，结合对我国5 个地区23 家企业的调研资料，探讨了国际贸易壁垒如何影响了全球生产网络的组织模式和空间特征。研究结果显示，近年来关税、反倾销等壁垒对国际贸易影响显著。在国际贸易壁垒的作用下，第三方机构成为全球生产网络的核心组成部分之一，其介入为国际贸易提供了良好的平台和保障。全球生产网络各要素间的流动性也随着第三方机构的介入而不断增强，制造商的关注点逐渐由低成本控制向产品质量管理和劳动力管理等新方向转变。全球生产网络的空间组织形态呈现了新的特点。
高菠阳, 刘卫东, GlenNorcliffe, 杜超
. 国际贸易壁垒对全球生产网络的影响——以中加自行车贸易为例[J]. 地理学报, 2011
, 66(4)
: 477
-486
.
DOI: 10.11821/xb201104005
In previous researches, the framework of global production network was established based on free trade and neo-liberalism. However, the globe is not flat. Trade barriers broadly exist and deeply influence the economic globalization. In this article, we explore the issue of trade barriers and its impacts on global production networks. We try to sketch a theoretical interpretation of the trading arrangements under trade barriers, and illustrate the argument with material gathered during our recent investigations into the production networks that connect the bicycle industry in China with Canada. Our research shows that: (1) with trade barriers, the traditional network pattern organized by producers and distributors has changed. Third parties, including trade agency, trade show, bank, and so on, took active part in the trading process and became one of the important poles of the global production networks. (2) Originally, the very metaphor of a network seems to allow more flexibility than a chain, although even so, the breaking of connections in a network often viewed as unfortunate in previous research. However, in our research, we found that the production networks linkage are very flexible. The linkages amongst the very actors in the trading systems are frequently negotiated and switched. At the same time, quality control and labor welfare have become more important than cost control. (3) The spatial organization of the global production network shows differently in two aspects. On one hand, the producers are more labor-oriented and market-oriented than before. On the other hand, the third parties intend to gather along financial clusters and services clusters.
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