以DEM为基础，并参照卫星影像，提取了不同比例尺下中国大陆海岸线，从海岸地质构造特征和海岸类型角度出发，对我国大陆海岸线整体、沉降隆起岸段和不同类型海岸尺度效应进行分析，并探讨了引起尺度效应差异的地理环境因素。研究表明：(1) 中国大陆海岸线整体分形维数为1.195，岸线长度受测量尺度影响显著，定量刻画海岸线长度不可忽略相应测量尺度；(2)岸线分形受地质构造特征和水动力因素控制明显，隆起段和沉降段海岸线分形维数有着显著差异：辽东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.153，辽河—华北平原沉降段分形维数为1.116，山东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.148，苏北—杭州湾沉降段分形维数为1.177，浙东—桂南隆起段分形维数则达1.239；(3) 海岸线尺度效应同时随海岸类型不同有着显著差异，位于冀北平原和滦河三角洲平原岸段的砂质岸线分形维数为1.109；位于苏北平原的淤泥质岸线分维数为1.056，位于闽东南山地丘陵的基岩海岸线分形维数达1.293。海岸线是陆、海和气界面的交汇线，其分形性质的定量刻画，可为多尺度研究海气、陆气和海陆相互作用提供科学基础。
高义, 苏奋振, 周成虎, 杨晓梅, 孙晓宇, 张丹丹
. 基于分形的中国大陆海岸线尺度效应研究[J]. 地理学报, 2011
, 66(3)
: 331
-339
.
DOI: 10.11821/xb201103005
Based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale coastlines of China mainland were extracted and the fractal characteristics of coastlines were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The coastline of China mainland fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effect with fractal dimensions of coastline has significant differences in light of uplift and subsidence segments along the coast of China mainland. (3) The fractal numbers of coastline dimension have significant spatial heterogeneity in the coastline types. The number of fractal dimension in sandy coastline located in the Luanhe River plain is 1.109, for the muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain, 1.059, and for rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian mountains, 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected more by scale effect than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and atmosphere surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the research on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales.
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