传统聚落景观区划是一项理论性和实践性都很强的工作，是文化景观区划研究的重要课题之一。基于中国传统聚落景观本身存在的地域性、系统性、稳定性、发展性、一致性、典型性和协调性等特点，本方案以传统聚落景观“意象”(Image) 的内部相似性为前提，以相对一致性原则作为景观区域划分的主导性原则，综合考虑其他原则，如环境制约性原则、文化主导性原则、地域完整性原则、相对一致性原则、面的覆盖性原则、层次性原则和综合性原则等，将全国聚落景观初步划分为3 个大尺度的景观大区、14 个景观区和76 个景观亚区。以往关于文化区的识别，主要从文化特征的角度进行的；关于传统聚落景观区的识别，主要是从景观基因的角度进行的。区域景观基因成为判断传统聚落景观区的核心要素。通常情况下，传统聚落景观基因的判别，可以重点从心理要素、生态要素、美学要素、环境要素、文化要素、时序要素等6 个方面入手。
刘沛林, 刘春腊, 邓运员, 申秀英, 李伯华, 胡最
. 中国传统聚落景观区划及景观基因识别要素研究[J]. 地理学报, 2010
, 65(12)
: 1496
-1506
.
DOI: 10.11821/xb201012006
The landscape division of traditional settlement is the job with a strong concept with theory and practicality. It is one of the most important topics in studies on cultural landscape division. In views of the characteristics of regional, systematic, stable, development, identical, typical and harmonious traditional settlement landscape in China, setting the inner similarity of traditional settlement landscape "Image" as precondition, and taking opposite consistency principle as main principle while considering other principles, this paper divides the nation's settlement landscape into three large-sized landscape regions, 14 landscape regions and 76 landscape subregions. The division, from the practice, are based on the relevant landscape principle, such as the principle of environmental constraints, the principle of cultural guidance, the principle of integrated regions, the principle of relevant identity, the principle of covering and non-continuity, the principle of structures, the principle of comprehensive and landscape identity, etc.
Naming principle of landscape area at all levels is area-name plus charecteristic and general name. These large-sized landscape regions, landscape regions and landscape subregions are all different in environmental quality and cultural background, so their integrated settlement and architectural landscapes show strong "identifiability" and "impressionality".
The division of China's traditional settlement in this article is from the landscape gene perspective rather than based on cultural characteristics used before. Finally, the paper, in the view of "landscape gene", analyzes the main elements that influence the judges of China's traditional settlement landscape genes, from the elements of psychology, ecology, aesthetics, environment, culture, time and order and so on.
[1] Hettner A. Geography: Its History, Its Nature, and Its Methods. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1986.
[赫特纳A. 地理学: 它的历史、性质和方法. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1986.]
[2] Zhu Kezhen, Huang Bingwei, Zhao Songqiao et al. Physical Geography of China: General Information. Beijing: Science Press, 1985.
[竺可桢, 黄秉维, 赵松乔等. 中国自然地理: 总论. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.]
[3] Pu Jingjuan, Zhu Ye. Primary exploration on seasonal climate zoning in mainland areas of China. Tourism Review, 1987, (4): 65-67.
[濮静娟, 朱晔. 我国大陆地区旅游季节气候分区初探. 旅游论丛, 1987, (4): 65-67.]
[4] Yang Zaitian. Chinese Tourism Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 2004.
[杨载田. 中国旅游地理. 2 版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.]
[5] Lan Yong. Thought on Chinese historical-cultural geography research. Academic Research, 2002, (1): 87-90.
[蓝勇. 对中国历史文化地理研究的思考. 学术研究, 2002, (1): 87-90.]
[6] Zhou Zhenhe. Study on Chinese Historical and Cultural Area: Introduction. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1997.
[周振鹤. 中国历史文化区域研究: 序论. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 1997.]
[7] Li Xudan. Human Geography. Shanghai: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, 1984.
[李旭旦. 人文地理学. 上海: 中国大百科全书出版社, 1984.]
[8] Wang Enyong et al. Cultural Geography. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2001.
[王恩涌等. 文化地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001.]
[9] Situ Shangji. Cultural Geography of Guangdong Province. Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1993.
[司徒尚纪. 广东文化地理. 广州: 广东人民出版社, 1993.]
[10] Li Xiaocong. Chinese Regional Historical Geography. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2004.
[李孝聪. 中国区域历史地理. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2004.]
[11] Zhao Shiyu, Zhou Shangyi. General Introduction on Chinese Cultural Geography. Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press, 1991.
[赵世瑜, 周尚意. 中国文化地理概说. 太原: 山西教育出版社, 1991.]
[12] Shen Xiuying, Liu Peilin, Deng Yunyuan et al., Landscape communities of traditional settlement in southern China and their values of conservation and utilization. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(5): 485-494.
[申秀英, 刘沛林, 邓运员等. 中国南方传统聚落景观区划及其利用价值. 地理研究, 2006, 25(5): 485-494.]
[13] Wang Wenqing. Discussion on humanistic backgrounds regionalization of Chinese traditional residential buildings. Architectural Journal, 1994, (1): 44.
[王文卿. 中国传统民居的人文背景区划探讨. 建筑学报, 1994, (1): 44.]
[14] Zhu Guangya. Research on Chinese ancient architecture regionalization and genealogy//Lu Yuanding, Pan An. Construction and Technology of Chinese Traditional Residential Buildings. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology Press, 2002: 5.
[朱光亚. 中国古代建筑区划与谱系研究//陆元鼎, 潘安. 中国传统民居营造与技术. 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2002: 5.]
[15] Yu Ying. Type Research to Architectural Provincial Series in Southeast China. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2001.
[余英. 中国东南系建筑区系类型研究. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.]
[16] Zhai Lisheng. Research on Integrated Physical Regionalization and Building System of Rural Buildings. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2008.
[翟礼生. 村镇建筑综合自然区划和建筑体系研究: 江苏、贵州和河北三省的理论与实践. 北京: 地质出版社, 2008.]
[17] Chen Chuankang, Wu Guanghe, Li Changwen. Integrated Physical Geography. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1993.
[陈传康, 伍光和, 李昌文. 综合自然地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1993.]
[18] Liu Peilin. The gene expression and the sight identification of the ancient villages cultural landscape. Journal of Hengyang Normal University, 2003, 24(4): 1-8.
[刘沛林. 古村落文化景观的基因表达与景观识别. 衡阳师范学院学报, 2003, 24(4): 1-8.]
[19] Liu Peilin. Ancient Villages: Harmonious Human Residential Space. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Book Store, 1997.
[刘沛林. 古村落: 和谐的人居空间. 上海: 上海三联书店, 1997.]
[20] Feng Tianyu. Regional expansion of Chinese culture. Jianghan Tribune, 2002, (1): 5-6.
[冯天瑜. 中国文化的地域性展开. 江汉论坛, 2002, (1): 5-6.]
[21] Zhou Zhenhe. Relationship on Natural Area, Administrative Divisions and Cultural Area in Chinese History. Historical Geography. Vol.19. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2003.
[周振鹤. 中国历史上自然区域、行政区划与文化区域相互关系管窥. 历史地理(第十九辑). 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2003.]
[22] Eldon D Enger, Frederick C Ross. Principles of Biology. Beijing: Science Press, 2004.
[Eldon D Enger, Frederick C Ross. 生物学原理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.]
[23] Liu Peilin, 2007. Journey to Chinese Ancient Villages. Changsha: Hunan University Press, 2007.
[刘沛林. 中国古村落之旅. 长沙: 湖南大学出版社, 2007.]
