EN中文

地理学报 >

2011 , Vol. 66 >Issue 6: 771 - 784

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/xb201106006

城市研究

近代南京城市社会空间结构——基于1936年南京城市人口调查数据的分析

展开
  • 1. 江苏省社会科学院社会学研究所, 南京 210013;
    2. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 南京 210093;
    3. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210097
宋伟轩(1981-), 男, 吉林省敦化市人, 博士, 主要研究方向为城市社会地理。E-mail: songweixuan@126.com

收稿日期: 2010-09-25

  修回日期: 2011-01-02

  网络出版日期: 2011-06-20

基金资助

江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目; 国家自然科学基金青年项目(41001095)

收起

Urban Socio-spatial Structure of Nanjing during the Modern Era: Analysis Based on the Data of Urban Population Investigation in 1936

Expand
  • 1. Institute of Sociology, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Nanjing 210013, China;
    2. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
    3. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China

Received date: 2010-09-25

  Revised date: 2011-01-02

  Online published: 2011-06-20

Supported by

A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41001095

Fold

摘要

以1936 年南京城市人口数据为基础,利用城市社会生态因子分析手段,采用聚类分析方法,对南京城市社会空间结构加以分析。结果表明,影响1936 年南京城市社会区形成的主因子有城市商业/居住活动因子、政治活动因子、教育因子、贫困人口因子和城市公共福利设施因子等5 个。1936 年南京城市社会区划分为6 个主要类型：① 高级政府官员/知识分子聚集区；② 政府机关公务人员聚居区；③ 人口密集的普通市民聚居区；④ 城市士绅聚集区；⑤农业人口集中区；⑥ 流动人口集中的棚户区。比较研究表明近代(1936 年) 与现代(2000 年)南京城市社会空间结构的主因子、社会区类型以及空间分布特征等方面差异性与相似性并存。近代南京城市社会空间结构的演化过程表现为：社会空间结构分异的主因子个数持续增加,城市社会空间分异的程度加剧。

关键词： 近代; 南京; 城市社会空间结构; 因子分析

本文引用格式

宋伟轩, 徐旳, 王丽晔, 朱喜钢 . 近代南京城市社会空间结构——基于1936年南京城市人口调查数据的分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011 , 66(6) : 771 -784 . DOI: 10.11821/xb201106006

Abstract

Since Park and Burgess created human ecology in the 1920s, the school of urban ecology has established many urban inner spatial models, such as concentric zone model, sector model and multiple nuclei model, through a great deal of empirical research,. Studies on urban socio-spatial structure by means of factorial ecology constantly have been conducted in China since the 1980s. Due to data accessibility of the case city, population and space data of the studies above are almost the population census data or the housing census data after the start of the reform and opening up, and the study period is centralized to the recent 30 years. Up to now, there have been relatively few scholars who do the quantitative study on urban spatial structure in modern China.

Key words： the modern era; Nanjing; urban social spatial structure; factor analysis

参考文献

[1] Burgess E W. The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project//Park R E, Burgess E W, McKenzie R D.The City Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925.



[2] Hoyt H. The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities. Washington, D.C.: U.S. FederalHousing Administration, 1939.



[3] Harris C D, Ullman E L. The nature of cities. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1945, 24(2): 7-17.



[4] Sjoberg G. The Preindustrial City. New York: Free Press, 1960.



[5] Johnston N. The cast and class of the urban form of historic Philadelphia. Journal of the American Institute of Planners,1966, 32: 334-350.



[6] Wilson L S. Functional areas in Detroit, 1890-1933. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and LettersXXII: 397-409.



[7] Walter F A. Moscow in 1897 as a pre-industrial city: A test of the inverse Burgess Zonal Hypothesis. AmericanSociological Review, 1974, 39: 542-550.



[8] Gist N P. The ecology of Bangalore, India: An East-West comparison. Social Forces, 1957, 35: 356-365.



[9] Mehta S. Patterns of residence in Poona (India) by income, education, and occupation (1937-1965). American Journalof Sociology, 1968, 73: 496-508.



[10] Ghosh S. The urban pattern of Calcutta, India. Economic Geography, 1950, 26: 51-58.



[11] Dotson F, Dotson L. Ecological trends in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. Social Forces, 1954, 32: 367-374.



[12] Rozman Gilbert. Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973:73-75.



[13] Skinner G William. The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977: 13-15.



[14] Chang Sen-Dou. Some observations on the morphology Chinese walled cities. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1970, 51(1): 63-91.



[15] Zhao Songqiao, Bai Xiuzhen. A preliminary study on the urban geography of Nanking. Acta Geographica Sinica,1950, 17(12): 39-72. [赵松乔, 白秀贞. 南京都市地理初步研究. 地理学报, 1950, 17(12): 39-72.]



[16] Shen Rusheng, Sun Minxian. A study on the urban geography of Chengdu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1947, 14(3):14-30. [沈汝生, 孙敏贤. 成都都市地理之研究. 地理学报, 1947, 14(3): 14-30.]



[17] Wang Yiya. A study on urban geography of Wuxi. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1935, 2(3): 21-35. [王益厓. 无锡都市地理之研究. 地理学报, 1935, 2(3): 21-35.]



[18] Chen Ershou. A study on urban geography of Chongqing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1943, 10(2): 114-138. [陈尔寿. 重庆都市地理. 地理学报, 1943, 10(2): 114-138.]



[19] Wen Zhenwang. A study on urban geography of Qujiang. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1948, 15(1): 14-21. [文振旺. 曲江都市地理. 地理学报, 1948, 15(1): 14-21.]



[20] Yu Wei. The study and planning of urban social space. City Planning Review, 1986, 10(6): 25-28. [虞蔚. 城市社会空间的研究与规划. 城市规划, 1986, 10(6): 25-28.]



[21] Yu Wei. A study on regional differentiation of urban environment: Case study of central Shanghai. Urban PlanningForum, 1987, (2): 54-62. [虞蔚. 城市环境地域分异研究: 以上海中心城为例. 城市规划汇刊, 1987, (2): 54-62.]



[22] Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Yeh A G O. An ecological analysis on the factors related to social spatial structure inGuangzhou city. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(4): 385-396. [许学强, 胡华颖, 叶嘉安. 广州社会空间结构的因子分析研究. 地理学报, 1989, 44(4): 385-396.]



[23] Zheng Jing, Xuxueqiang, Chen Haoguang. An ecological reanalysis on the factors related to social spatial structure inGuangzhou city. Geographical Research, 1995, 14(2): 15-26. [郑静, 许学强, 陈浩光. 广州市社会空间的因子生态再分析. 地理研究, 1995, 14(2): 15-26.]



[24] Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing. The social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area and its evolution: 1982-2000.Geographical Research, 2003, 22(4): 465-483. [冯健, 周一星. 北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000). 地理研究, 2003, 22(4): 465-483.]



[25] Gu Chaolin, Wang Fahui, Liu Guili. Study on urban social areas in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(6):917-926. [顾朝林, 王法辉, 刘贵利. 北京城市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2003, 58(6): 917-926.]



[26] Wu Junlian, Gu Chaolin, Huang Ying et al. Analysis of the urban social areas in Nanchang: Analysis of the data basedon the Fifth National Population Census. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(4): 611-619. [吴骏莲, 顾朝林, 黄瑛等. 南昌城市社会区研究: 基于第五次人口普查数据的分析. 地理研究, 2005, 24(4): 611-619.]



[27] Xuan Guofu, Xu Jiangang, Zhao Jing. Social areas of the central urban area in Shanghai. Geographical Research,2006, 25(3): 526-538. [宣国富, 徐建刚, 赵静. 上海市中心城社会区分析. 地理研究, 2006, 25(3): 526-538.]



[28] Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong. Socio-spatial differentiation in transitional Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2):199-211. [李志刚, 吴缚龙. 转型期上海社会空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2): 199-211.]



[29] Wei Lihua, Cong Yanguo, Li Zhigang et al. Socio-spatial differentiation of professionals of Guangzhou in the 1990s.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(4): 407-417. [魏立华, 丛艳国, 李志刚等. 20 世纪90 年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异. 地理学报, 2007, 62(4): 407-417.]



[30] Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong. Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic systemtransformation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056. [周春山, 刘洋, 朱红. 转型时期广州市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056.]



[31] Xu Di, Wang Zhu, Zhu Xigang et al. The urban social areas in Nanjing: Analysis of the data based on the FifthNational Population Census. Geographical Research, 2009, 28(2): 484-498. [徐旳, 汪珠, 朱喜钢等. 转型期南京城市社会空间结构: 基于第五次人口普查数据的因子生态分析. 地理研究, 2009, 28(2): 484-498.]



[32] Xu Di, Zhu Xigang. The transformation of Nanjing urban social structure during the modern times. HumanGeography, 2008, 23(6): 17-22. [徐旳, 朱喜钢. 近代南京城市社会空间结构变迁. 人文地理, 2008, 23(6): 17-22.]



[33] The National Government of Nanking. Municipal Official Report of Nanking. July 31, 1929, (40): 42. [南京市国民政府. 南京市政公报, July 31, 1929, (40): 42.]



[34] Xu Jilin, Chen Dakai. History of Modernization in China (1800-1949). Shanghai: Xuelin Press, 2006: 3. [许纪霖, 陈达凯. 中国现代化史1800-1949. 上海: 学林出版社, 2006: 3.]



[35] Friedmann J. Regional Development Policy: A Case Study of Venezuela. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966.



[36] William Skinner. Wang Xu trans. The City in Late Imperial China. Changchun: Jilin Education Press, 1991: 1-13. [施坚雅. 王旭译. 中国封建社会晚期城市研究: 施坚雅模式. 长春: 吉林教育出版社, 1991: 1-13.]



[37] Li Hairong, Jin Chengping. Capital Planning. Nanjing: Nanjing Press, 2006: 2-10. [李海荣, 金承平. 首都计划. 南京:南京出版社, 2006: 2-10.]



[38] He Yeju. History of Ancient Chinese City Planning. Beijing: China Agricultural & Building Press, 2003: 486. [贺业钜.中国古代城市规划史. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2003: 486.]
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉