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地理学报 >

1994 , Vol. 49 >Issue 1: 9 - 17

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/xb199401001

论文

北京市零售商业与服务业中心和网点的过去、现在和未来

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  • 北京大学城市与环境学系

收稿日期: 1993-03-01

  修回日期: 1993-10-01

  网络出版日期: 1994-01-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金

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THE RETAILING AND SERVICES CENTER AND NETWORK OF BEIJING─THEN, NOW AND LONG BEFORE

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  • Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received date: 1993-03-01

  Revised date: 1993-10-01

  Online published: 1994-01-15

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摘要

本文应用了中心地方论的原理与方法，对北京市大城市区零售商业和服务业的形成机制，空间结构与合理预测进行了讨论。

关键词： 中心地方论; 零售商业和服务业; 商业中心; 中心商务区; 商业网络; 区位优势; 范力农铜心

本文引用格式

杨吾扬 . 北京市零售商业与服务业中心和网点的过去、现在和未来[J]. 地理学报, 1994 , 49(1) : 9 -17 . DOI: 10.11821/xb199401001

Abstract

The transformation of Beijing’s retailing and services center and relevent network underwent four generations:1. Dadu (as the capital of Yuan dynasty) was planned according to an ancient code <>which stipulated that. the imperial courts should occupy the city core and the marketing places could only be located backward. So the main Commercial district of Dadu was situated betwen the central point. Grand Canal tail and "Bell and Drum Towers".It was the first generation of retailing and servises center of Beijing. 2. During Ming and Qing dynasties. Beijing’s city walls got some changes. The city trade center moved from the Towers Bazaar to the Front-court and then to Qianmen. When an outer city surrounding the Tributary marketing areas was built up.Qianmen began to be Beijing’s retailing and services center of the second generation. (3) At the end of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. owing to the Dongjiaomin lane was opened up for foreign diplomatic corps. Wangfujing street soon became flourishing and became another retailing center of Beijing. So as to Beijing was from a single center to twin ones. which formed the third generation of Commerce.As a regional or countrywide commercial center. Beijing has gone thorugh 760 years. Since the establishment of P. R. China. Beijing’s areal structure of commercial activities has occured gigantic changes due to the growth of population. the extension of metropolitan area, the improvement of road network and communication facilities etc. . The author is engaged in Beijing’s retailing and services study over ten years. His principal discoveries are as follows: 1 . The retailing and services center and network of Beijing city. no matter when or where. in addition to the Forbidden city occupying a central position. fully accords with Christaller’ s central place model. To be sure. the present hexagonal structure of Beijing’s trade distribution is more perfect than the past ones. 2. Accompanied by the prolongation of Changan Street. a new force suddenly coming to the fore──that is the rise of Xidan business district. Since the middle of 1960s. Xidan became another new municiple trade center in addition to Wangfujing and Qianmen. Three high-level centers constituted a city core or CBD triangle of the metropolis which center on the Tian An Men Square. This triangle made up a situation of tripartite confrontation and formed the second special case of Beijing’s down town of the fourth generation.At the end of this paper, the author would like to introduce his prediction on Beijing’s commercial center for next century. The basic points are Beijing will possess an unitary commercial center (CBD) at the beginning of 2000s and the rational location of the newly CBD should be Xidan inevitably. This conclusion is drawn by:1. Xidan is situated the center of the planning region──a roughly circular area of 750-900km2. Moreover. the accessibility of Xidan central place is higher than that of any of the others inside the city.2. The author initiated making use of the Varignon’ s theorem in order to inquire into the urban central point considering residential distribution.The author had some people solve above mentioned simultaneous equations and obtain the Varignon’s center of Beijing metropolis from the data of 112 zonelets. This center drops onto Gangwashi. to the north of Xidan crossroad only 1. 2km. which is becoming one of the components in Xidan trade district. By the way, the gravity center of Beijing is situated to the northwest of Xidan 2.3km.3. The external transportation is a decisive factor for the growth of any metropolis, especially for a state capital. Beijing has already been the general hubs of railroad and airline network in China.Its floating and temporary population surpasses 1000 thousand. most of whom come via railroad terminals. There exist three passenger rail stations in the metropolitan region Beijing Station. Beijing South Station and Beijing North Station. A bigger passenger terminal──Beijing West Station will be built up in 1990s. The author 

Key words： Central place theory. retailing and services. Commercial center. CBD.Commercial network. Locational superiority; Varignon’s theorem

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