陕北黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤水蚀观测分析
收稿日期: 2004-02-26
修回日期: 2005-02-01
网络出版日期: 2005-05-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金委员会、水利部黄河水利委员会黄河联合研究基金项目 (50279019)
Field Survey on Water Erosion of the Rural Settlements in the Loess Hilly-gully Area of Northern Shaanxi Province
Received date: 2004-02-26
Revised date: 2005-02-01
Online published: 2005-05-25
Supported by
Combined research fund item between the National Natural Science Foundation of China & the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee of China's Water Conservancy Ministry, No.50279019
通过2004年6月至10月, 在陕北对降雨形成的乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的定位观测, 其结果表明：①乡村聚落的平均径流系数为0.335, 其中延安最大, 为0.44;榆林和绥德较小, 分别为0.293、0.272。同时, 道路和庭院的径流系数较大, 分别为0.39、0.377, 户间空地较小, 为0.277;②径流平均含沙量以户间空地最大 (52.54 g/l), 次为户间道路 (41.42 g/l), 而院落径流含沙量较小 (17.78 g/l);③乡村聚落的平均侵蚀强度为5434.3 t/km2, 已达强度级侵蚀, 其中户间道路、户间空地侵蚀较大, 分别为7348 t/km2、6873 t/km2, 庭院相对较小, 为2081.7 t/km2;④乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的变化, 受人为影响更加突出。说明黄土高原乡村聚落土壤侵蚀较严重, 并且具有特殊性, 不可忽视, 应加强研究和防治。
甘枝茂, 岳大鹏, 甘锐, 查小春 . 陕北黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤水蚀观测分析[J]. 地理学报, 2005 , 60(3) : 519 -525 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200503019
After observing the soil erosion of rural settlements formed by rainfalls (water erosion) based on field survey in northern Shaanxi province, this paper draws the following conclusions. (1) The average runoff coefficient of rural settlements is 0.335. The maximum runoff coefficient is 0.44, which exists in Yan'an county. The runoff coefficient in Yulin city and Suide county is 0.293 and 0.272 respectively, relatively small. Among the land-use types of rural settlements, the runoff coefficient of road land and yard is greater (separately 0.39 and 0.377), and the runoff coefficient of open space between houses is smaller (0.277). (2) The average runoff-contained sediment amount of open space between houses is the greatest (52.54 g/L), that of settlement yards is the smallest (17.19 g/L), and that of road land is placed in the middle (41.42 g/L). (3) The average erosion intensity of the rural settlements in northern Shaanxi Provence is 5434 t/km2·a, falling into the category of severity erosion. The erosion intensity of road land and open space between houses is respectively 7348 and 6873 t/km2·a, greater than that of the settlement yard (2081.7 t/km2·a). (4) The change of soil erosion of rural settlements is affected more prominently by human activities. It concludes that soil erosion of rural settlements on the Loess Plateau is quite severe and has its particularity. Therefore it can not be ignored and must be paid attention to its research and prevention.
[1] Tang Keli et al. Soil and Water Conservatzon in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2004. 30-190.
[唐克丽 等. 中国水土保持. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004. 30-190.]
[2] Jing Ke, Chen Yongzong, Li Fengxin. Sediment and Environment in the Huanghe River. Beijing: Science Press, 1993. 24-195.
[景可, 陈永宗, 李风新. 黄河泥沙与环境. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993. 24-159.]
[3] Wang Yukuan, Wang Zhanli, Zhou Peihua. Experiment on rainfall-runuff process on slope of Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1991, 5(2): 25-31.
[王玉宽, 王占礼, 周佩华. 黄土高原坡面降雨产流过程的试验分析. 水土保持学报, 1991, 5(2): 25-31.]
[4] He Xiubin. Soil erosion intensity on the Loess Plateau in the different time scales. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 9(1): 71-76.
[贺秀斌. 黄土高原不同时间尺度上土壤侵蚀发生强度初步研究. 水土保持学报, 1995, 9(1): 71-76.]
[5] Liu Yuanbao, Tang Keli, Zha Xuan et al. Experiment on the soil and water loss of slope land with different ground cover. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1990, 4(1): 25-29.
[刘元保, 唐克丽, 查轩 等. 坡耕地不同地面覆盖的水土流失试验研究. 水土保持学报, 1990, 4(1): 25-29.]
[6] Zheng Fenli, Tang Keli, Zhou Peihua. Approach to the genesis and development of rill erosion on slope land: the way to control. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1987, 1(1): 36-48.
[郑粉莉, 唐克丽, 周佩华. 坡耕地细均侵蚀的发生发展和防治途径的探讨. 水土保持学报, 1987, 1(1): 36-48.]
[7] Chen Yongzong, Jing Ke, Cai Qiangguo. Modern Erosion and Management in Loess Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1988. 31-183.
[陈永宗, 景可, 蔡强国. 黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988. 31-183.]
[8] Liang Jiyang. Analysis and simulation of storm, runoff and sediment on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, 6(2): 12-16.
[梁季阳. 黄土高原暴雨径流及产沙的分析与模拟. 水土保持学报, 1992, 6(2): 12-16.]
[9] Xiang Li, Zhou Xinqi. Types of soil and water loss by human activity in constructions of four modernizations. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 1987, 7(4): 48-53.
[向立, 周新奇. 在四化建设中人为水土流失的类型. 水土保持通报, 1987, 7(4): 48-53.]
[10] Shi Ding, Wang Tingyu, Zhang Guoning. Reason causing new soil loss of Shaanxi Province and the countermeasures suggested. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1988, 2(3): 74-80.
[石丁, 王廷壬, 张国宁. 陕西省新水土流失的成因及其防治对策. 水土保持学报, 1988, 2(3): 74-80.]
[11] Minura N. Trends of beach erosion and shoreline protections in Fiji. Journal of Coastal Research, 1988, 14(1): 37-46.
[N·米努拉. 斐济海滩侵蚀的趋向及海岸线的保护. 海岸研究学报, 1998, 14(1): 37-46.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |