侵蚀沉积模型在嘉陵江流域的应用
收稿日期: 2003-10-22
修回日期: 2003-11-10
网络出版日期: 2004-01-25
基金资助
亚洲太平洋地区环境创新战略项目环境综合监侧子课题
Application of Surface Erosion of Sediment Yield Model to Jialingjiang Watershed
Received date: 2003-10-22
Revised date: 2003-11-10
Online published: 2004-01-25
Supported by
Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) Subproject, the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy Project (APEIS)
从20世纪50年代到80年代长江宜昌水文站观测的泥沙输送量逐年增加，但是到了90年代却出现了逐渐减少的趋势。泥沙量增加的原因主要是乱伐森林和土地利用方式的快速改变，而减少的原因则可能是采取了一系列防止水土流失的对策和在上游修建了许多大坝而造成的。嘉陵江流域是长江泥沙的主要源区之一，90年代每年从嘉陵江流域到长江的输沙量减少到1988年前的约36%。因此，分析该流域每年泥沙输送动态及其变化原因，对制定减小水土流失的森林规划，防止三峡水库的淤积以及保护长江流域的生存环境和生态系统等具有重大意义。本研究开发并改进了一个流域集水坡面上的侵蚀模型，并将它应用到1987年的嘉陵江流域，以对其适用性进行了研究。结果表明，该模式可被用于月度泥沙生产量的评估中。
关键词： 泥沙；沉积；侵蚀模型；嘉陵江
村上正吾,林诚二,渡边正孝 . 侵蚀沉积模型在嘉陵江流域的应用[J]. 地理学报, 2004 , 59(1) : 136 -142 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200401017
Though the annual total sediment load at Yichang hydro-station increased from the 1950s to the 1980s, it tended to decrease gradually in the 1990s. The reason of increase is due to violent deforestation and rapid landuse change, while that of decrease may be due to countermeasures taken to control sediment yields and lots of dams built on the upstream basins. The Jialingjiang River watershed is one of the main sources of sediments in the Changjiang river watershed, and the annual total load in the 1990s from the Jialingjiang River basin discharged into the Changjiang River reduced to about 36% of that before 1988. To clarify the reason of decrease of annual sediment-inflow rate in this basin is of great significance to sediment control related forest planning, reservoir sedimentation prevention at the Three Gorges Dam and habitat and ecosystems preservation in the Changjiang River, etc. In this study we developed a surface erosion type of sediment yield model for watershed slope, applied it to Jialingjiang River watershed in 1987, and investigated its applicability.
Key words： sediments; surface erosion; sediment yield model; Jialingjiang River
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