青海官亭盆地考古遗存堆积形态的环境背景
收稿日期: 2003-10-09
修回日期: 2004-02-20
网络出版日期: 2004-05-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40171096; 49831080); 科学技术部“十五”国家重点攻关项目(2001BA805B05)
Environmental Settings of Archaeological Sites Depositional Processes and Distribution at Guanting Basin
Received date: 2003-10-09
Revised date: 2004-02-20
Online published: 2004-05-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40171096; No.49831080; Key Project of Department of National Science and Technology, No.2001BA805B05
黄河上游的官亭盆地在6000 a BP开始有人类活动出现,在盆地内留下了50多处考古遗址。通过野外调查及考古发掘,将官亭盆地内考古遗址的堆积形态分为叠置型遗址 (连续的不同类型的文化堆积) 和单一型遗址 (一个类型文化堆积)。同时发现,官亭盆地内考古遗址在时空上的分布规律受自然环境的影响显著。黄河阶地在形成过程中,河流持续切割时间比较长,形成的阶地高度很高,是官亭盆地形成叠置型遗址的一个地貌条件。由于气候原因,黄河上游在3700~2800 a BP存在一段洪水频发期,造成人类活动辗转于二级和三级阶地,形成以单一型遗址为主的文化堆积。洪水发生时,人类活动主要在三级阶地；两次洪水之间如果间隔的时间比较长,会有人偶尔在二级阶地上居住。这种二三阶地间的反复迁移,形成同时期文化遗址分布上的“旋回”特征。在官亭盆地,叠置性遗址似乎代表了一种稳定的生活方式,连续的文化传承；而单一型遗址,代表了一种不稳定的生活方式,非连续的文化传承。
关键词： 青海官亭盆地；考古遗存；环境背景
杨晓燕,夏正楷,崔之久,叶茂林 . 青海官亭盆地考古遗存堆积形态的环境背景[J]. 地理学报, 2004 , 59(3) : 455 -461 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200403016
Based on the investigation and excavation, emphasis was placed on gaining an appreciation for post-depositional processes that form and shape site and examining the effects of natural processes on temporal and special patterns of archaeological sites at Guanting Basin. As to the distribution of archaeological sites, the following features are shown after investigation and excavation: (1) the sites transferred vertically on temporal and special patterns; (2) the earliest cultural layer deposited on the second terrace is Majiayao type of Majiayao Culture, suggesting that the ancient men moved to the second terrace at least during 3169-2882 a BC; (3) the number of sites increased abruptly during Qijia Culture period; (4) the human beings repeatedly occupied the second and third terraces during one culture period; and (5) the sites of Qiajia culture on the second terrace were not covered by the successive culture deposit, but were on the third terrace.
[1] Bureau of National Cultural Relics. Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics-Fascicule of Qinghai Province. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 1996. 55-88.
[2] Yang Xiaoyan, Xia Zhengkai, Ye Maolin. Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site, Qinghai, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(17): 1877-1881.
[3] Gansu-Qinghai Archaeological Team, Institute of Archaeology, CASS, and Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Excavation on Hulijia Site in Minhe County, Qinghai Province. Archaeology, 2001, (1): 40-58.
[中国社会科学院考古研究所甘青队, 青海文物考古研究所. 青海民和县胡李家遗址的发掘. 考古, 2001, (1): 40-58.]
[4] Xie Duanju. Prehistoric Archaeology of Gansu Province and Qinghai Province. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 2002.
[5] Cui Zhijiu, Yang Xiaoyan, Xia Zhengkai. Evolution of ancient culture types and regional differentiation of their propagation and succession models: a preliminary study. Quaternary Sciences, 2002, 22 (5): 434-441.
[崔之久, 杨晓燕, 夏正楷. 初探考古文化的区域分异. 第四纪研究, 2002, 22(5): 434-441.]
[6] Li Jijun. Quaternary ice age, physiographic period and loess record in China. Quaternary Sciences, 1989, (3): 269-278.
[李吉均. 中国第四纪冰期、地文期和黄土记录. 第四纪研究, 1989, (3): 269-278.]
[7] Gu Yansheng. Quaternary stratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Regional Geology of China, 2001, 20(4): 384-391.
[顾延生. 兰州民和盆地第四纪地层学研究. 中国区域地质, 2001, 20(4): 384-391.]
[8] Liu Dongsheng, Shi Yafeng, Wang Rujian et al. Table of Chinese Quaternary stratigraphic correlation remarked with climate change. Quaternary Sciences, 2000, 20(2): 108-128.
[刘东生, 施雅风, 王汝建 等. 以气候变化为标志的中国第四纪地层对比表. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20(2): 108-128.]
[9] Kong Zhaochen, Du Naiqiu, Shan Fashou et al. Vegetation and climate change of Qinghai Lake during Holocene. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1990, 10(3): 79-88.
[孔昭宸, 杜乃秋, 山发寿 等. 青海湖全新世植被演变及气候变迁. 海洋地质与第四纪地质. 1990, 10 (3): 79-88.]
[10] Du Naiqiu. A preliminary investigation on the vegetational and climate changes since 11,000 years in Qinghai Lake: an analysis based on palynology in core QH85-14C. Acta Botanica Sinica, 1989, 31(10): 803-814.
[杜乃秋. 青海湖QH85-14C钻孔孢粉分析及其古气候古环境的初步探讨. 植物学报, 1989, 31(10): 803-814.]
[11] Guo Z T, Petit-Maire N, Kropellin S. Holocene non-orbital climatic events in present-day arid areas in northern Africa and China. Globe and Planetary Change, 2000, 26: 97-103.
[12] An Chengbang, Feng Zhaodong, Tang Lingyu et al. Environmental change and cultural transition at 4 cal. ka BP in central Gansu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 743-748.
[安成邦, 冯兆东, 唐领余 等. 甘肃中部4000a前环境变化与古文化变迁. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5): 743-748. ]
[13] Shi Yafeng. Climate fluctuation and events during Holocene Megathermal in China. Science in China (Series B), 1992, (12): 1300-1992.
[施雅风. 中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件. 中国科学(B辑), 1992, (12): 1300-1992.]
[14] Gansu-Qinghai Archaeological Team, Institute of Archaeology, CASS, and Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Excavation on Lajia Site in Minhe County, Qinghai Province. Archaeology, 2002, (1): 3-5.
[中国社会科学院考古研究所. 青海民和喇家遗址的发掘. 考古, 2002, (1): 3-5.]
[15] Gansu-Qinghai Archaeological Team, and Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Excavation on Lajia Site in Minhe County, Qinghai Province, in 2000. Archaeology, 2002, (12): 12-25.
[中国社会科学院考古研究所甘青工作队. 青海民和县喇家遗址2000年发掘简报. 考古, 2002, (12): 12-25.]
[16] Johnson D L, Mandel R D, Petragalia M. Introduction. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 2002, 17(2): 3-6.
[17] Barton C M, Bernabeu J, Aura J E et al. Dynamic Landscapes, artifact taphonomy, and landuse modeling in the western Mediterranean. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 2002, 17(2): 155-190.
[18] Bettis III E A. The effects of temporal and spatial patterns of Holocene erosion and alluviation on the archaeological record of the central and eastern Great Plains, U.S.A. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 2002, 17(2): 141-154.
[19] Stafford C R, Creasman S D. The hidden record: Late Holocene landscape and settlement archaeology in the Lower Ohio River Valley. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 2002, 17(2): 117-140.
[20] Xia Zhengkai, Deng Hui, Wu Honglin. Geomorphic background of the prehistoric cultural evolution in the Xar Moron River Basin, Inner Mongolia. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(3): 329-336.
[夏正楷, 邓辉, 武弘麟. 内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析. 地理学报, 2000, 55(3): 329-336.]
[21] Li Shuicheng. Regional comparison: environment and development of settlements. Archaeology and Cultural Relics, 2002, (6): 33-38.
[李水城. 区域对比: 环境与聚落的演进. 考古与文物, 2002, (6): 33-38.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |