额济纳旗生态系统恢复的总经济价值评估
收稿日期: 2001-07-26
修回日期: 2001-09-25
网络出版日期: 2002-01-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (KZCX1-09-04, KZCX1-10-03)
Measuring the Total Economic Value of Restoring Ejina Banner's Ecosystem Services
Received date: 2001-07-26
Revised date: 2001-09-25
Online published: 2002-01-25
Supported by
The Innovation Project of CAS., No.KZCX1-09-04 and No.KZCX1-10-03
条件估值方法是当前国际上流行的衡量环境物品非利用经济价值的唯一方法。通过调查居民针对不同环境状况变化的支付意愿,从而定量确定环境状况变化带来的经济效益和损失。针对额济纳旗生态系统恶化的现状,以投标支付卡的方法设计了700份调查问卷,调查了黑河流域居民恢复额济纳旗生态系统的支付意愿。分析结果表明,用20年时间将额济纳旗生态系统恢复到20世纪80年代初水平,黑河流域共有92.3 % 的居民家庭存在支付意愿,有支付意愿家庭的平均支付意愿为每年每户37.96元,但随居住区域不同存在一定差异,其中黑河干流区域居民平均支付意愿为每年每户40.15元,要高于周边地区居民平均每年每户32.10元的支付意愿。在综合考虑不同区域居民支付意愿的差异,生态系统经济效益折旧率的基础上将支付意愿在时空尺度上加总,得到恢复额济纳生态系统总经济价值为16.37×108元。
徐中民,张志强,程国栋,苏志勇,鲁安新,林清,张海涛 . 额济纳旗生态系统恢复的总经济价值评估[J]. 地理学报, 2002 , 57(1) : 107 -116 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200201012
The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a direct interview approach that can be used to provide acceptable measures of the economic value of preservation of natural resources. While the estimates from CVM may not be perfect, neither are estimates from any other economic or physical science model. The need for an assessment of the nonmarket benefits of restoring Ejina Banner's ecosystem is clear. In this paper, we take it as a case to analyze the WTP of restoring ecosystem service. Obtaining accurate benefit estimates using CVM requires detailed descriptions of the resource being valued. In our survey, we use a 12-page paper with maps depicting the reason why Ejina Banner ecosystem deteriorated, the means by which ecosystem services could be restoring from their current level. The actual valuation portion of the survey has three elements: (1) portrayal of the resources to be valued, (2) description of the particular mechanism to be used to pay for the resource; and (3) the question format used to elicit the respondent's money amount of willingness to pay. Due to concern over the influence of institutional and culture setting, the method of payment we adopted is payment cards in the survey. We employed a parametric model to estimate the welfare of restoring Ejina ecosystem. Their functional relationships between WTP values and the characteristics of responses are built respectively. Results from 700 in-person interviews indicate that per household would pay an average of RMB 37.96 yuan per year, US$ 40.15 for the main river household, 32.10 yuan for the rest of the Heihe basin. The aggregate benefit to residents of the Heihe basin is 15.98 million yuan annually for 20 years. Taking into account the ecosystem discount rate, the aggregated benefit of restoring Ejina Banner ecosystem is 1637 million yuan. These estimates suggest that the general public in Heihe valley would be willing to pay for restoring the Ejina banner ecosystem. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on how to apply the contingent valuation method in developing countries, and believe future efforts may apply CVM efficiently accompanying with benefit-cost analysis.
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