青藏公路对区域土地利用和景观格局的影响——以格尔木至唐古拉山段为例
收稿日期: 2002-01-26
修回日期: 2002-04-08
网络出版日期: 2002-05-25
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G1998040800) 及中科院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程领域前沿项目 (CXIOG-E01-01和CXIOG-A00-03-02)
Effects of Qinghai-Xizang Highway on Land Use and Landscape Pattern Change: from Golmud to Tanggulashan Pass
Received date: 2002-01-26
Revised date: 2002-04-08
Online published: 2002-05-25
Supported by
National Key Basic Research Special Fund, No.G1998040800; Key Project of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of CAS for Basic Research, No.CXIOG-E01-01; No.CXIOG-A00-03-02
根据1995年和2000年土地利用数据, 运用ARC/INFO软件和景观生态学方法, 研究了青藏公路沿线格尔木、曲麻莱、治多3个县 (市) 的土地利用变化和景观格局变化, 修订了单一土地利用类型动态度计算公式,重点分析了公路缓冲带的土地利用变化、景观格局变化和建设用地缓冲带的土地利用变化。主要结论如下：①研究区建设用地增加迅速, 林地、水域、未利用土地增加, 耕地大量减少, 草地退化严重, 其中曲麻莱县草地减少22.8 %,未利用土地增加43.96 %; ②景观破碎化程度加剧, 分维数、多样性指数和景观破碎度均增加; ③与其它交通干线对沿线的“轴向”影响不同, 该段青藏公路以“点”型的辐射效应为标志, 且仅仅影响建设用地周围的区域, 格尔木市的影响范围是3 km, 五道梁的影响范围是1 km;④K=(Ua + Ub - 2Uc) Ua -1T -1 ×100%, 可准确地反映单一土地利用类型变化特点。
张镱锂,阎建忠,刘林山,摆万奇,李双成,郑度 . 青藏公路对区域土地利用和景观格局的影响——以格尔木至唐古拉山段为例[J]. 地理学报, 2002 , 57(3) : 253 -266 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200203001
Based on digital land use maps of 1995, 2000 and road map of Resources and Environment Data Center of IGSNRR, CAS, the land use and landscape pattern change(LULPC) of Golmud, Qumaleb, Zhidoi are studied, in macro-scale, exerting Arc/GIS 8.1 and landscape ecology methods. LULPC of road buffer zones and the bound of construction land expansion is stressed. The conclusions are given as follows: 1. Prominent changes have taken place in land use and landscape pattern from 1995 to 2000. (a) Woodland area increased 0.4%, grassland area reduced 6.26%, water area increased 7.17%, construction land area increased 323.8%, unused land area increased 6.96%, cultivated land area reduced 51.43%. Especially, land degraded seriously, grassland area reduced 22.8% and unused land area increased 43.96% in Qumaleb. (b) The comprehensive land use dynamic degree is 2.25 and the land use dynamic degree of construction land is the biggest, while cultivated land takes the second place and woodland takes the least. (c) The land use degree comprehensive index is 195.2 in 1995, and 156.4 in 2000, reduced 38.8. The fundamental reason is that a great deal of grassland had been transformed into unused land in 5 years. (d) Landscape changed dramatically. The sum of patches increased 1999 and the landscape fragmentation degree increased from 0.115 to 0.124, showing the enhancement of land fragmentation degree. The diversity index increased from 1.308 to 1.331, implying the enhancing of landscape heterogeneity. The fractal degree increased from 1.453 to 1.456 and the shape of patches got complicated. 2. Differed from the corridor effect of other traffic main lines, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its“point”radiation effect can be seen easily. (a) The land use degree comprehensive index of road buffer zones dropped except the 1 km zone, 40-45 km zone and 50-60 km zone. The land use dynamic index enhanced when the distance to the road get longer, obviously differing from other study areas due to sparse population and sluggish economic development. The landscape diversity index and fractal dimension has no relationship with the distance to the road. (b) The expanding range of Golmud City is confined in 3 km buffer, for Wudaoliang buffer, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in Nanshankou buffer. 3. The new formula ( K = (Ua +Ub - 2Uc) Ua -1T-1 ×100% ) is used to nicely define the land use dynamic degree exactly.
[1] Forman R T T, Alexander L E. Roads and their ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1998,29: 207-231.
[2] Ariel E Lugo, Hermann Gucinski. Function, effects, and management of forest roads. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 133: 249-262.
[3] Thierry Lod. Effect of a motorway on mortality and isolation of wildlife populations. AMBIO, 2000, 29(3):163-166.
[4] Tove Hels, Erik Buchwald. The effect of road kills on amphibian populations. Biological Conservation, 2001, 331-340.
[5] Delgado Juan D, Arvalo Jos, Fermndez-Palacios Jos. Road and topography effects on invasion: edge effects in rat foraging patterns in two oceanic island forests (Tenerife, Canary Islands). Ecography, 2001, 24(5): 539-546.
[6] Tikka P M, H Mander Harri, Koski Piia S. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 659-666.
[7] Lovich J E, Bainbridge. Anthropogenic degradation of the southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration. Environmental Management, 1999, 24(3): 309-326.
[8] Eaton L J, Hoyle J, King A. Effects of deicing salt on lowbush blueberry flowering and yield. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1999, 79(1): 125-128.
[9] Malawska M, Wiolkomirski B. An analysis of soil and plant (taraxacum officinale) contamination with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the area of the railway junction Ilawa Gl.na, Poland. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2001, 127(1/4): 339-349.
[10] Finder R A, Roseberry J L et al. Site and landscape condition at white-tailed deer/vehicle collision locations in Illionis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1999, 44(2-3): 77-85.
[11] Zhang Jie, Chen Feng. Environmental problems of railway construction and their control countermeasure. Traffic environment, 2000, 21(5): 39-41.
[张杰, 陈峰. 铁路建设的环境问题与对策研究. 交通环保, 2000, 21(5): 39-41.]
[12] Jiang Yulin, Du Juan. Eco-environment protect issues and countermeasures. Highway, 2000, 8: 68-72.
[江玉林, 杜娟. 高等级公路生态环境保护问题与对策. 公路, 2000, 8: 68-72.]
[13] H D van Bohemen. Habitat fragmentation, infrastructure and ecological engineering. Ecological Engineering, 1998, 11:199-207.
[14] Daniel B Tinker et al. Watershed analysis of forest fragmentation by clearcuts and roads in a Wyoming forest. Landscape Ecology, 1998, 13: 149-165.
[15] Borrego C, Tchepel O, Barros N et al. Impact of road traffic emissions on air quality of the Losbon region. Atmospheric Environment, 2000, 34: 4683-4690.
[16] Hubert Gulinck, Tim Wagendorp. References for fragmentation analysis of the rural matrix in cultural landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2002, 58: 137-146.
[17] Liu Shenghe. A GIS based model of urban land use growth in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.
[刘盛和, 吴传钧, 沈洪泉. 基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式. 地理学报, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.]
[18] Yu Jinming. Analysis on land use changes and their driving forces along Jiaoji Railway. Master Degree Paper in CAS (2001).
[俞金铭. 胶济铁路沿线经济区土地利用变化及其驱动力分析. 中国科学院硕士研究生学位论文 (2001).]
[19] Chen Fu. Analysis on land use and human driving force in urban fringe. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000, 16(3): 204-210.
[陈浮.城市边缘区土地利用变化及人文驱动力机制研究.自然资源学报, 2000, 16(3): 204-210]
[20] Zhu Huiyi. Spatio-temporal change of land use in Bohai Rim. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(3): 253-260.
[朱会义, 李秀彬, 何书金 等. 环渤海地区土地利用变化的时空分析. 地理学报, 2001, 56(3):253-260.]
[21] Long Hualou, Li Xiubin. Land use pattern in transect of the Yangtse River and its influential factors. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(4): 417-425.
[龙花楼, 李秀彬. 长江沿线样带土地利用格局及其影响因子分析. 地理学报, 2001, 56(4): 417-425.]
[22] Zhao Fengyu. Desert status and development trend in Golmud. Qinghai Environment, 1997, 7(1): 16-18.
[赵丰钰, 张富强, 闫朝峰 等. 格尔木市沙漠现状与发展趋势. 青海环境, 1997, 7(1): 16-18.]
[23] Wei Zhenduo. Desertification status and prevention opinions of Yellow River source area. Qinghai Environment, 1998, 8(2): 64-67.
[魏振铎. 黄河源区沙漠化现状与防治意见. 青海环境, 1998, 8(2): 64-67.]
[24] Sha Zhanjiang, Ma Haizhou, Chen Kelong et al. Study on desertification of Yellow River source area based on GIS and RS. Salt Lake Research, 2001, 9(1): 67-70.
[沙占江, 马海州, 陈克龙 等. 基于GIS和RS的黄河源区土地沙漠化探讨. 盐湖研究, 2001, 9(1): 67-70.]
[25] Dong Yuxiang. Progress and problem in research on sandy desertification in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Journal of Desert Research, 1999, 19(3): 251-255.
[董玉祥. 青藏高原沙漠化研究的进展与问题. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(3): 251-255.]
[26] Bai Wanqi, Zhang Yili, Xie Gaodi et al. An analysis of causes for grassland degradation in Maduo County of source region of Yellow River. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 2002, 13(7).
[摆万奇, 张镱锂, 谢高地 等. 黄河源区玛多县草地退化成因分析. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(7)]
[27] Statistics Bureau of Qinghai. Qinghai Statistical Yearbook 1995. Beijing: Statistics Press, 1996.
[青海省统计局. 青海统计年鉴1995. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1996.]
[28] Statistics Bureau of Qinghai. Qinghai Statistical Yearbook 2000. Beijing: Statistics Press, 2001.
[青海省统计局. 青海统计年鉴2000. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2001.]
[29] Zheng Du. Study on the natural section system of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Science in China (D), 1996, 26(4): 336-341.
[郑度. 青藏高原自然地域系统研究. 中国科学 (D辑), 1996, 26(4): 336-341.]
[30] Sun Honglie. Formation and Evalution of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press.
[孙鸿烈 主编. 青藏高原的形成演化. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1996. 314-321.]
[31] Zhou Xingmin, Wang Zhibin, Du Qing. Qinghai Vegetation. Xining: Qinghai People's Press, 1987. 38-108.
[周兴民, 王质彬, 杜庆 编著. 青海植被. 西宁: 青海人民出版社, 1987. 38-108.]
[32] Agricultural Resources Section Office of Qinghai Province. Agricultural Resources Data Volume. 1999. 100-164.
[青海省农业资源区划办公室. 青海省农业自然资源数据集. 1999. 100-164.]
[33] Data Center of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS. Land Use Category System.
[中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所数据中心. 土地资源分类系统.]
[34] Liu Jiyuan. Macro-investigation by Remote Sensing and Dynamic Study on Resources and Environment of China. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 1996.
[刘纪远. 中国资源环境遥感调查与动态研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 1996.]
[35] Chen Youqi, Yang Peng. Recent progress of international study on land use and land cover change (LUCC). Economic Geography, 2001, 21(1): 96-100.
[陈佑启, 杨鹏. 国际上土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究的新进展. 经济地理, 2001, 21(1): 96-100.]
[36] Luo Xianghua. Advance in land use and land cover change. Journal of Basic Science and Engineer, 2000, 8(3): 262-272.
[罗湘华, 倪晋仁. 土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究进展. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2000, 8(3): 262-272.]
[37] Zhuang Dafang, Liu Jiyuan. Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 1997, 12(2): 106-111.
[庄大方, 刘纪远.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究. 自然资源学报, 1997, 12(2): 106-111.]
[38] Zhang Ming. A study on the landscape pattern and differentiation of fragile environment in Yulin prefecture. Geographical Research, 2000, 19(1): 30-36.
[张明. 榆林地区脆弱生态环境的景观格局与演化研究. 地理研究, 2000, 19(1): 30-36.]
[39] Zhu Huiyi, He Shujin, Zhang Ming. GIS spatial analysis and its application in the research of land use change. Progress in Geography, 2001, 20(2): 104-110.
[朱会义, 何书金, 张明. 土地利用变化研究中的GIS空间分析方法及其运用. 地理科学进展, 2001, 20(2): 104-110.]
[40] Yao Shimou. The Urban Agglomerations of China. Hefei: Chinese Science and Technology University Press, 1992.
[姚士谋. 中国的城市群. 合肥: 中国科技技术大学出版社, 1992.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |