中国粮食生产潜力和化肥增产效率 的区域分异
收稿日期: 2001-12-20
修回日期: 2002-07-09
网络出版日期: 2002-09-25
基金资助
国家"九五"攻关项目96-013-01-04的部分内容。
Grain Productivity and Its Potential as Related to Fertilizer Consumption among Different Counties of China
Received date: 2001-12-20
Revised date: 2002-07-09
Online published: 2002-09-25
Supported by
National Key Project for the Ninth Five-Year-Plan, No.96-013-01-04
根据我国各地区1990~1998年化肥施用量和作物产量,以粮食作物为主要研究对象,从不同年份单位播种面积的粮食产量和肥料施用量变化,求出相应的单位播种面积可能达到的粮食生产潜力,并以此为基础计算出该地区单位播种面积的粮食的增产潜力。研究表明：我国粮食单产大多在3500~5250 kg/hm2范围,粮食单产增产潜力一般在300~600 kg/hm2左右,增施化肥的增产效果一般在5~10 kg/kg (粮食/化肥) 范围,但是各地区的差异较大。对不同地区的比较研究表明：我国粮食单产 (5372 kg/hm2) 和生产潜力 (7462 kg/hm2) 均东部地区 (高施肥水平) 最高;中部地区 (中等施肥水平) 的粮食单产和生产潜力居中,分别为4940 kg/hm2和7216 kg/hm2;西部地区 (低施肥水平) 的粮食单产和生产潜力最低,分别为3844 kg/hm2和5470 kg/hm2。按播种面积计算,粮食单产的增产潜力以西部地区最高,平均达948 kg/hm2;东部地区局中,平均为754 kg/hm2,中部地区则相应较低,为714 kg/hm2。化肥增产效率(增施单位化肥的粮食增产量)以西部地区最高,达9.41 kg/kg (粮食/化肥);中部地区居中,为7.17 kg/kg (粮食/化肥);而东部地区最低,为-11.1 kg/kg (粮食/化肥)。从全国来看,东部地区虽然粮食生产潜力大,但是增产潜力很小,由于施肥量较大,增施化肥的增产效果不明显,因此,今后我国的化肥应该重点考虑投向中部和西部地区。
曾希柏,陈同斌,胡清秀,林忠辉 . 中国粮食生产潜力和化肥增产效率 的区域分异[J]. 地理学报, 2002 , 57(5) : 539 -546 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200205005
According to the total amount and statues of chemical fertilizer consumption, and grain yields during the last 10 years (1990-1998) in each county of China, regional differences in grain productivity and grain productivity increased by additional application of fertilizers were analyzed and compared. Results of the study are concluded as follows: Grain productivity and grain yield increased by additional application of fertilizers in most of the counties varied from 3500 kg/hm2 to 5250 kg/hm2 and from 300 kg/hm2 to 600 kg/hm2, respectively. The index of grain yields increased (IGYI) by additional application of per kilogram of fertilizers varied from 5 kg grain/ kg fertilizer to 10 kg grain/ kg fertilizer. The grain yield and grain productivity were found to be 5372 kg/hm2 and 7462 kg/hm2 in Eastern Region with high input of fertilizers, to be 4940 kg/hm2 and 7216 kg/hm2 in the Central Region with middle input of fertilizers, and to be 3844 kg/hm2 and 5470 kg/hm2 in the Western Region with low input of fertilizers. It was indicated that potential of grain productivity increase per sowing area was 754 kg/hm2 in the Central Region that was lower than that in the Western Region (948 kg/hm2) and higher than that in the Eastern Region (714 kg/hm2). The IGYI for different regions were found to decrease as the following order: Western Region (9.41 kg grain /kg fertilizer) > Central Region (7.17 kg grain /kg fertilizer) > Eastern Region (-11.1 kg grain /kg fertilizer). It is concluded that the Eastern Region had the highest grain productivity, but had lowest potential for yield increase when more fertilizer is used because less response of grain yield was found to the additional application of fertilizer. However, the response of grain yields in the Western and Central Regions were higher to the additional application of fertilizer Therefore, more fertilizer should be used in the Western and Central Regions to improve China's grain production.
Key words： chemical fertilizer; grain; productivity; regional difference; GIS; China
[1] Chen Tongbin. Chen Shiqing, Xu Hongtao et al. Simulation study on ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers required for crop production in China. Acta Geographica Sinica. 1998, 53(1): 32-41.
[陈同斌, 陈世庆, 徐鸿涛 等. 我国农用化肥氮磷钾需求比例的研究. 地理学报, 1998, 53(1): 32-41.]
[2] International Fertilizer Industry Association. World Fertilizer User Handbook. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1999, 1-84.
[国际肥料工业协会(唐朝友译). 世界肥料使用手册. 北京: 农业出版社, 1999, 1-84.]
[3] Lin Bao. Some problems in production and utilization of China's chemical fertilizer and their strategy. Phosphorus and Compound Fertilizers, 1997, 12(2): 1-6.
[林葆. 当前我国化肥的若干问题和对策. 磷肥与复肥, 1997, 12(2): 1-6.]
[4] Lin Zhonghui, Chen Tongbin, Zhou Lixiang. Characteristics of the chemical fertilizers consumed and their optimum allocation in China. Resource Science, 1998, 20(5): 26-31.
[林忠辉, 陈同斌, 周立祥. 中国不同区域化肥资源利用特征与合理配置. 资源科学, 1998, 20(5): 26-31.]
[5] Agricultural Technology Center of China. Nutrient Annals of Organic Fertilizers in China. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1999. 53-63.
[全国农业技术推广服务中心. 中国有机肥料养分志, 北京: 农业出版社, 1999. 53-63.]
[6] Agricultural Technology Center of China (ed.). Resources of Organic Fertilizer in China. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1999. 121-139.
[全国农业技术推广服务中心. 中国有机肥料资源. 北京: 农业出版社, 1999. 121-139.]
[7] Sun Xi (ed.). Agricultural Encyclopedia of China—Agrochemistry. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1996. 79.
[孙羲 主编. 中国农业百科全书——农业化学卷. 北京: 农业出版社, 1996. 79.]
[8] Wu Hongye.. Discussion on improving fertilizer use efficiency in China. Phosphorus and Compound Fertilizers, 1999, 14(1): 6-12.
[伍宏业. 论提高我国化肥利用率. 磷肥与复肥, 1999, 14(1): 6-12.]
[9] Wu Zhijie. Problems in production and utilization of China's chemical fertilizer and their strategy. Science and Technology Review, 1997, (9): 37-39.
[武志杰. 我国化肥生产应用中的问题及对策. 科技导报, 1997, (9): 37-39.]
[10] Xu Xiucheng. What can the chemical industry do to improve fertilizer use efficiency. Phosphorus and Compound Fertilizers, 1999, 14(3): 6-11.
[许秀成. 提高化肥利用率化工部门能干什么. 磷肥与复肥, 1999, 14(3): 6-11.]
[11] Branch of Biology, CAS. Key problem and proposal on China's chemical fertilizers. Science and Technology Review, 1997, (9): 35-36.
[中国科学院生物学部. 我国化肥面临的突出问题及建议. 科技导报, 1997, (9): 35-36.]
[12] Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ed.). China Fertilizers. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1994. 199-315, 431-482.
[中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 主编. 中国肥料. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1994. 199-315, 431-482.]
[13] Chen Tongbin. Zeng Xibai, Hu Qingxiu. Study on grain productivity and its potential as related to fertilizer consumption among different counties of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57 (5).531-538.
[陈同斌, 曾希柏, 胡清秀. 中国化肥增产潜力的区域差异. 地理学报, 2002, 57(5).531-538.]
[14] Chen Tongbin, Lin Zhonghui, Zeng Xibai. Regional study on optimum allocation of chemical fertilizers in China. In: Balance and Management of Nutrient in Agricultural Fields. Nanjing: Hohai University Press, 2001. 73-76.
[陈同斌, 林忠辉, 曾希柏. 中国化肥资源区域优化配置. 农田养分平衡与管理. 南京: 河海大学出版社, 2001. 73-76.]
[15] Huang Jikun. Study on the application and structure of China's fertilizer use. Journal of Agricultural Economy, 1994. (5): 36-40.
[黄季焜. 探讨中国化肥合理使用结构与对策. 农业技术经济, 1994, (5): 36-40.]
[16] Editing Committee of Huang Bingwei Collection (ed.). Resource conditions and potential crop productivity: photosynthetic potential. Selected Papers of Huang Binwei's Integrated Research in Physical Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 1993, 183-196.
[《黄秉维文集》编辑小组. 资源条件与作物生产: 光合潜力. 见: 自然地理综合工作六十年——黄秉维文集. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993. 183-196.]
[17] Editing Committee of Zuo Dakang's Collection in Geography Research (ed.). Light energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic potential of main crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. In: Zuo Dakang's Collection in Geographical Research. Beijing: Science Press, 1993. 273-279.
[左大康地理研究文选编辑组. 黄淮海平原主要作物光能利用率和光合潜力. 见: 左大康地理研究文选. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993. 273-279.]
[18] Yu Huning, Wei Shuqiu. On the light and thermal resources and the crop potential productivity. In: Study on Agroecology and Environment. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 1989. 66-74.
[于沪宁, 魏淑秋. 光热资源和农作物的光热生产潜力. 见: 农业生态环境研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 1989. 66-74.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |