中国西北干旱区沙尘暴物质源地的遥感估算
收稿日期: 2002-10-20
修回日期: 2002-12-02
网络出版日期: 2002-12-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新项目 (KZCX1-Y-02)
Estimate of Sand-dust Material Source Area in Northwest China by Remote Sensing
Received date: 2002-10-20
Revised date: 2002-12-02
Online published: 2002-12-25
Supported by
Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No. KZCX1-Y-02
以中国西北地区2000年的TM影像为信息源，在全数字方式下运用遥感技术与地理信息系统技术结合建立了西北地区沙尘暴物质源地数据库。通过分析得出: 2000年全区有沙尘暴源区196,165,449 hm2，占总土地面积的63.66 %。在冬春季全区有沙尘物质源地139×108 hm2，占沙尘暴源区面积的70.66 %，其中强度和弱度沙尘物质源地的面积所占比例总体相近，相比较而言全区供尘物质的面积大于供沙物质的面积。沙尘物质源地夏秋季比冬春季减少5.90 %。
关键词： 遥感；西北地区；沙尘物质源地
颜长珍,王一谋,冯毓荪,王建华,祁元 . 中国西北干旱区沙尘暴物质源地的遥感估算[J]. 地理学报, 2002 , 57(7s) : 107 -112 . DOI: 10.11821/xb20027s016
Sand-dust storms occurred frequently in Northwest China in recent years. In order to forecast and prevent sand-dust storm occurrence, it is important to analyze the extent, magnitude and spatial distribution of sand-dust material source area. Aeolian erosion takes place on the bare surface of loosen material in arid and semi-arid regions, including cultivated land, low coverage grassland, sandy land, gravel Gobi, salinized land, and nude clay land. By using digital method of remote sensing and geographical information system techniques, TM images of the year 2000 have been interpreted to establish the database of sand-dust material source area in Northwest China. Based on studies and analysis of these databases, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) In 2000, sand-dust material source area covers 138,612,007 ha in winter and spring, and 130,427,035 ha in summer and autumn. (2) In sand-dust storm source area, only 34.71% of land is used or usable, and the grassland occupies a large part of it. (3) In sand-dust storm source area, the strong aeolian land is almost equal to the weak aeolian land, and the extent related to dust is greater than that to sand. (4) The countermeasures are mainly to encourage farmers to spread straw on the land after harvesting until next planting season. The straw can protect the cultivated land effectively from aeolian erosion and keep the winter snow from freezing on these farmlands. (5) With the decreasing of water resources, cultivation practice in sand-dust material source area should be restrained to prevent the land from being aeolian eroded.
Key words： RS technique; Northwest China; sand-dust material source area
[1] Qiu Xinfa, Zeng Yan, Miao Qilong. Temporal-spatial distribution as well as tracks and source areas of sand-dust storms in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(3): 316-322.
[邱新法, 曾燕, 缪启龙. 我国沙尘暴的时空分布规律及其源地和移动路径. 地理学报, 2001, 56(3): 316-322.]
[2] Chen Zhiqing, Zhu Zhenda. Significonce of eco-environmental protection in development of west regions in connection with sandstorms. Progress in Geography, 2000, 19(3): 259-265.
[陈志清, 朱震达. 从沙尘暴看西部大开发中生态环境保护的重要性. 地理科学进展, 2000, 19(3): 259-265.]
[3] Zhao Xiangliang. Damages and countermeasures of catastrophic sandstorm occurred in Gansu Province. Journal of Desert Research, 1993, 13(3): 1-7.
[赵兴梁. 甘肃特大沙尘暴的危害与对策. 中国沙漠, 1993, 13(3): 1-7.]
[4] Xu Guochang. Analysis of the "4.22" much stronger sand-dust storm in Gansu Province. Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1979, 37(4): 26-35.
[徐国昌. 甘肃“4.22”特大沙暴分析. 气象学报, 1979, 37(4): 26-35.]
[5] Wang Shigong, Yang Debao, Jin Jiong et al. Study on the formative causes and countermeasures of the catastrophic sandstorm occurred in Northwest China. Journal of Desert Research, 1995, 15(1): 19-30.
[王式功, 杨得保, 金炯 等. 我国西北地区黑风暴的成因和对策. 中国沙漠, 1995, 15(1): 19-30.]
[7] Wang Shigong, Yang Debao, Zhou Yusu et al. Analysis on the formative causes of sand-dust storms in the Northwest China during 3-12 April 1994. Journal of Desert Research, 1995, 15(4): 332-338.
[王式功, 杨得保, 周玉素 等. 我国西北地区“94.4”沙尘暴成因探讨. 中国沙漠, 1995, 15(4): 332-338.]
[8] Wang Shigong, Yang Debao, Meng Meizhi et al. Analyses of structure characteristics and formative causes of the "5.5" black storm. Journal of Gansu Meteorology, 1993, 11(3): 28-31.
[王式功, 杨得保, 孟梅芝 等. 甘肃河西“5.5”黑风天气系统结构特征及其成因分析. 甘肃气象, 1993, 11(3): 28-31.]
[9] Ye Duzheng, Chou Jifan, Liu Jiyuan et al. Causes of sand-stormy weather in North China and control measures. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(5): 513-520.
[叶笃正, 丑纪范, 刘纪远 等. 关于我国华北沙尘天气的成因与治理对策. 地理学报, 2000, 55(5): 513-520.]
[10] Wang Shigong. Study on sand-dust storms over the desert region in North China. Journal of Natural Disasters, 1996, 5(2): 86-94.
[王式功. 中国北方地区沙尘暴变化趋势初探. 自然灾害学报, 1996, 5(2): 86-94.]
[11] Yang Dongzhen. Analysis on the variation trend of sandstorm in Northern China. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1998, 9(3): 352-358.
[杨东贞. 我国北方沙尘暴变化趋势的分析. 应用气象学报, 1998, 9(3): 352-358.]
[12] Zhang Guoping, Zhang Zengxiang, Liu Jiyuan et al. Spatial distribution of aeolian erosion of soil and its driving factors in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(2): 146-158.
[张国平, 张增祥, 刘纪远 等. 中国土壤风力侵蚀空间格局及驱动因子分析. 地理学报, 2001, 56(2): 146-158.]
[13] Liu Lianyou. Simulating measurement on the erosive ability of soil. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(15): 1663-1666.
[刘连友. 耕作土壤可蚀性颗粒的风洞模拟测究. 科学通报, 1998, 43(15): 1663-1666.]
[14] Li Hu, Li Xia, Xiao Jidong. The monitoring for sand-storm in certre of Taklamakan Desert by using remote sensing. Journal of Xinjiang Agriculture University, 1999, 22(3): 219-223.
[李虎, 李霞, 肖继东等. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘的遥感监测. 新疆农业大学学报, 1999, 22(3): 219-223.]
[15] Hu Jinmimg, Cui Haiting, Tang Zhiyao. Temporal and spacial characteristics of sandstorm in China and the influences of human activities on its development trend. Journal of Natural Disasters, 1999, 8(4): 49-57.
[胡金明, 崔海亭, 唐志尧．中国沙尘暴时空特征及人类活动对其发展趋势的影响. 自然灾害学报, 1999, 8(4): 49-57.]
[16] Wang Xiaoqing. The occurrent characteristics and prevention countermeasures of sand and dirt storm disaster in northwestern China. Arid Zone Research, 2001, 18(2): 61-64.
[王晓青. 西北地区沙尘暴灾害及防治对策. 干旱区研究, 2001, 18(2): 61-64.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |