中国西部冰川度日因子的空间变化特征
收稿日期: 2005-10-30
修回日期: 2005-11-20
网络出版日期: 2006-01-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重大项目 (90202013); 国家自然科学基金项目 (40371026); 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX3-SW-345; KZCX3-SW-339)
Spatial Variation of Degree-day Factors on the Observed Glaciers in Western China
Received date: 2005-10-30
Revised date: 2005-11-20
Online published: 2006-01-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90202013; No.40371026; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-345; No.KZCX3-SW-339
在冰川与积雪消融研究中，度日模型应用较为广泛，该模型是基于冰雪消融与气温，尤其是正积温之间的线性关系建立的。度日因子是该模型的重要参数，反映了单位正积温产生的冰雪消融量，其空间变化特征对于不同模型模拟冰雪消融过程的精度有较大影响。 本文根据中国西部不同地区数十条冰川的短期考察和观测资料，分析了西部冰川度日因子的空间变化特征，结果表明：由于青藏高原及其周围地区独特的气候和热量条件，西部冰川度日因子具有明显的区域特征。在同一冰川上，度日因子的空间变化较为明显。从冰川类型来看，与极大陆型及亚大陆型冰川相比，海洋型冰川的度日因子较大。总体看来，西部冰川的度日因子由西北向东南逐渐增大，这与中国西部冰川的气候环境变化趋势是一致的，即在干冷的气候条件下，度日因子较小；而在暖湿的气候条件下度日因子较大。
张勇, 刘时银, 丁永建 . 中国西部冰川度日因子的空间变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2006 , 61(1) : 89 -98 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200601009
Degree-day factor is an important parameter of degree-day model which is a widely used method for ice and snow melt computation. Spatial variations of a degree-day factor have great impacts on the accuracy of snow or ice melt modeling. This paper analyzes the spatial variability characteristics of the degree-day factors obtained from the observed glaciers of different regions in western China. Results clearly show that the regional patterns of the degree-day factors are detectable on the observed glaciers of western China due to the unique climatic environment and heat budget of the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas; the factors of maritime glaciers are higher than those of the sub-continental and extremely continental glaciers because of the ablation area covered with a thin debris layer in the maritime glacier; for a single glacier, the degree-day factors are subject to significant small-scale variations. In general, the regional patterns of the degree-day factors are detectable on observed glaciers due to the unique climatic environment and heat budget of the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas. Low degree-day factors can be expected for cold-dry areas, whereas, high degree-day factors can be expected for warm-wet areas in western China.
Key words： glacier; melt; degree-day factor; western China
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