长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析
收稿日期: 2005-07-17
修回日期: 2005-10-27
网络出版日期: 2006-01-25
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (2002CB412401); 国家自然科学基金项目 (40106009)
Measurements and Analysis of Water Discharges and Suspended Sediment Fluxes in Changjiang Estuary
Received date: 2005-07-17
Revised date: 2005-10-27
Online published: 2006-01-25
Supported by
National Basic Research Program of China, No. 2002CB412401; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40106009
在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪 (ADCP) 进行走航式断面观测，结果表明，采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号 (后向散射强度) 之间存在显著相关关系，因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面。分析结果表明，在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势，大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期，落潮历时较长，落潮期水、悬沙通量分别大于涨潮期水、悬沙通量，净通量向海。长江口南槽拦门沙外侧主要为旋转流，涨潮期间内的水、悬沙通量均分别大于落潮期间的水、悬沙通量。2003年11月12日的观测结果表明，潮周期内通过徐六泾断面向海输运的水与悬沙通量分别为109 m3 和108 kg量级；径流量与悬沙输运率分别为104 m3/s和103 kg/s量级。1998年以来徐六泾ADCP流量观测数据与同时间的大通径流量之间存在着显著的相关关系，故可由大通径流量估算徐六泾径流量，作为长江入海径流量，以作为历史资料整编的一种手段。结果表明，长江入海年径流总量略大于大通年径流总量；而在枯水期间入海径流量小于大通径流量。
汪亚平, 潘少明, H.V.Wang, 高建华, 杨旸, 王爱军, 李占海, 吴中 . 长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析[J]. 地理学报, 2006 , 61(1) : 35 -46 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200601004
An RDI WH600 ADCP has been deployed on a moving vessel for the water and suspended sediment fluxes measurements in the Changjiang Estuary. The acoustic signals recorded have a significant relationship with the suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) obtained by in-situ water sampling during the measurements. Then the acoustic SSC models established were used to convert ADCP acoustic signals into high-resolution SSCs along the cross-sections at Xuliujing and the bar shoal at South Trough in the Changjiang Estuary. The analysis of current velocity profiles shows that the study area is characterized by the rectilinear current at the Xuliujing area. The maximum water and suspended sediment fluxes present during the flood period. However, since the ebb period is much longer than the flood period and the river discharge is huge, the water and suspended sediment fluxes are larger during the ebb than those during the flood. Thus, the net water and suspended sediment transport towards the sea. For example, the net water and suspended sediment are 0.71×109 m3 and 2.5×108 kg during a tidal cycle on November 12, 2003, respectively. Nevertheless, the current is with a rotary pattern at the bar shoal at South Trough of the Changjiang Estuary. The surveyed data also shows that the water and suspended sediment fluxes are larger during the flood than those during the ebb. We also find that a significant relationship exists between the water discharge measured at Datong Station and that at Xuliujing cross-sections from 1998 to 2004. Hence, the derived equations could be used to estimate the daily water discharge through Xuliujing, which can represent the discharge into the sea from the Changjiang River. And the historic water discharge into the sea can be retrieved by using this method. In addition, the annual water discharge into the sea is slightly larger than the annual discharge at Datong Station. However, during the dry period (water discharge < 104 m3/s at Datong Station), the discharge into the sea is smaller than that measured at Datong Station, which may be resulted from the human activities.
[1] Shi Y L, Yang W, Ren M E. Hydrological characteristics of the Changjiang and its relation to sediment transport to the sea. Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4(1): 5-15.
[2] Milliman J D, Sheng H T, Yang Z S et al. Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4(1/2): 37-45.
[3] Chen J Y. Notes on the development of the Yangtze Estuary. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1957, 23(3): 241-253.
[陈吉余. 长江三角洲江口段的地形发育. 地理学报, 1957, 23(3): 241-253.]
[4] Chen J Y, Zhu H F, Dong Y F et al. Development of the Changjiang estuary and its submeraged delta. Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4(1/2): 47-56.
[5] Su J L, Wang K S. Changjiang river plume and suspended sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay. Continental Shelf Research, 1989, 9(1): 93-111.
[6] Yang Z S, Milliman J D, Fitzgerald M G. Transfer of water and sediment from the Yangtze River to the East China Sea, June, 1980. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1983, 40(suppl.): 72-82.
[7] Lin Chengkun. A study on the source and quantity of sediment at the Yangtze River Estuary. Journal of Sediment Research, 1984, (2): 22-32.
[林承坤. 长江口泥沙的来源分析与数量计算. 泥沙研究, 1984, (2): 22-32.]
[8] Lin Chengkun. The amount and transport of cohesive sediments in the Changjiang River estuary and its near sea. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1992, 47(2): 108-118.
[林承坤. 长江口及其邻近海域粘性泥沙的数量与输移. 地理学报, 1992, 47(2): 108-118.]
[9] Cheng Tianwen, Zhao Chunian. The estimation of discharge and loads from the rivers flowing into littoral seas of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1984, 39(4): 418-427.
[程天文, 赵楚年. 我国沿岸入海河川径流量与输沙量的估算. 地理学报, 1984, 39(4): 418-427.]
[10] Shen Huanting, Zhang Chao, Mao Zhichang. Patterns of variations in the water and sediment fluxes from the Changjiang River to the estuary. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2000, 31(3): 288-294.
[沈焕庭, 张超, 茅志昌. 长江入河口区水沙通量变化规律. 海洋与湖沼, 2000, 31(3): 288-294.]
[11] Wright L D. Dispersal and deposition of river sediments in coastal seas: models from Asia and the tropics. The Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 1989, 23: 1-40.
[12] Chen Xiqing, Chen Jiyu. Proposal to study and control of the decrease tendency in discharge of the Changjiang River entering the sea in the dry season. Science and Technology Review, 2000, (2): 39-40.
[陈西庆, 陈吉余. 关于研究与控制长江枯季入海流量下降趋势的建议. 科技导报, 2000, (2): 39-40.]
[13] Zhang Erfeng, Chen Xiqing. Changes of water discharge between Datong and the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(2): 231-238.
[张二凤, 陈西庆. 长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化. 地理学报, 2003, 58(2): 231-238.]
[14] Chen Jiyu, Chen Xiqing. Impacts and Countermeasures of the South-to-North Water (East Route) Diversion Projects on the Ecosystem and Environment of the Yangtze Estuary. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2003.
[陈吉余, 陈西庆. 南水北调 (东线) 对长江口生态环境影响及其对策. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2003.]
[15] Shen Huanting et al. Material Flux of the Changjiang Estuary. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2001.
[沈焕庭 等. 长江河口物质通量. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2001.]
[16] Lynch J F, Gross T F, Sherwood C R et al. Acoustical and optical backscatter measurement sediment transport in the STRESS experiment. Continental Shelf Research, 1997, 17(4): 337-366.
[17] Wang Yaping, Gao Shu, Li Kunye. A preliminary study on suspended sediment concentration measurements using an ADCP mounted on a moving vessel. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1999, 30(6): 758-763.
[汪亚平, 高抒, 李坤业. 用ADCP进行走航式悬沙浓度测量的初步研究. 海洋与湖沼, 1999, 30(6): 758-763.]
[18] DRL. Measurement of suspended solids using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. Technical Report of Dredging Research Ltd., UK. 2000.
[19] Wang Y P, Chu Y S, Lee H J. Estimation of suspended sediment flux from Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling along the Jinhae Bay entrance. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2005, 24(2): 16-27.
[20] Glenn P H, Thorne P D, Flatt D et al. Comparison between ADCP and transmissometer measurements of suspended sediment concentration. Continental Shelf Research, 1999, 19: 421-441.
[21] Dyer K R. Estuaries: A Physical Introduction (2nd edn.). England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1997.
[22] Fairbridge R W. The estuary: its definition and geodynamic cycle. In: Olausson E, Cato I (eds.), Chemistry and Biogeochemistry of Estuaries, 1980. 1-36.
[23] Pritchard G L. Observations of circulation in coastal plain estuaries. In: Lauff G H (ed.), Estuaries, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1967.
[24] Thevenot M M, Kraus N C. Comparison of acoustical and optical measurements of suspended material in the Chesapeake Estuary. Journal of Marine Environment Engineering, 1993, 1: 65-79.
[25] Soulsby R. Dynamics of Marine Sands: A Manual for Practical Applications. London, Thomas Telford, 1997.
[26] van Rijn L C. Principles of sediment transport in rivers, estuaries and coastal seas. Amsterdam, Aqua Publications. 1993.
[27] Wang Aijun, Wang Yaping, Gao Shu. Determination of current velocity in blank layer of ADCP. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, (10): 77-82.
[王爱军, 汪亚平, 高抒. 声学多普勒流速剖面仪盲区数据处理及其在长江河口区的应用. 水利学报, 2004, (10): 77-82.]
[28] Yun Caixing. Recent Developments of the Changjiang Estuary. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2004.
[恽才兴. 长江河口近期演变基本规律. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2004.]
[29] Wang Yaping. Sediment dynamics in Jiaozhou Bay and adjoining areas. Ph.D Thesis. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2000.
[汪亚平. 胶州湾及邻近海区沉积动力学. 中国科学院海洋研究所博士学位论文, 2000.]
[30] Shen Huanting, Mao Zhichang, Zhu Jianrong. Saltwater Intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2003.
[沈焕庭, 茅志昌, 朱建荣. 长江河口盐水入侵. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |