近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应
收稿日期: 2005-12-10
修回日期: 2006-03-09
网络出版日期: 2006-05-25
基金资助
西藏自治区科技厅"利用遥感技术监测那曲地区西部部分湖泊水位上涨情况"项目资助
The Response of Lake Area Change to Climate Variations in North Tibetan Plateau during Last 30 Years
Received date: 2005-12-10
Revised date: 2006-03-09
Online published: 2006-05-25
Supported by
Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Tibet
根据1975年地形图、20世纪80年代至2005年的TM、CBERS卫星遥感资料和近45年的气温、降水量、蒸发量、最大积雪深度和最大冻土深度等气候资料分析得出,西藏那曲地区东南部的巴木错、蓬错、东错、乃日平错等四个湖泊的水位面积在近30年来呈较显著的扩大趋势,2005年与1975年相比,分别增加了48.2 km2、38.2km2、19.8 km2 (比2004年)、26.0 km2,增长幅度分别为25.6%、28.2%、16.2%、37.6%。其主要原因与该地区近年来气温的上升、降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化有很大关系。
边多, 杨志刚, 李林, 除多, 卓嘎, 边巴次仁, 扎西央宗, 董妍 . 近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2006 , 61(5) : 510 -518 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200605007
Inland lake is a sensitive indicator of climate change. Because lakes in high mountain region are in natural status and are little affected by human activities, their changes can reflect climate conditions. In this paper, four inland lakes (Bamucuo, Pengcuo, Dongcuo and Nairipingcuo) area changes in area and factors causing the water level growth are analyzed using remote sensing data and climate data from meteorological stations near the four lakes. For lake area changes from 1980 to 2005, the TM and CBERS remotely sensed data and topographic map at 1:100,000 scale in 1975 are used in this study. The meteorological data including temperature, rainfall, evaporation (1971-2004), snow depth and land frost depth from four meteorological stations Naqu, Anduo, Bange and Dangxiong which are the closest to the four lakes are used in this study. Based on the lake area information derived from a digitized 1:100,000 scale topographic map in 1975 and satellite remote sensing data from 1980 to 2005 georeferenced using topographic map, it is found out that four lakes' areas increased in 1980 compared with 1975, by 9.8 km2, 9.7 km2, 12.9 km2 and 3.9 km2, respectively. In 1988, the four lakes retreated and their areas are equivalent to the areas in 1975. The areas of Bamucuo, Pengcuo, Dongcuo and Nairipingcuo notably increased during the last 30 years from 1975 to 2005. Their areas increased by 48.2 km2 (25.6%), 38.2 km2 (28.2%), 19.8 km2 (16.2%) (compared with 2004) and 26.0 km2 (37.6%). The lake area increase has been more obvious since 2000. The analysis of climate changes for the last 40 years shows that annual mean temperature and precipitation increased significantly, while evaporation, maximum land frost depth and maximum snow depth decreased. For instance, the mean temperature increased by 0.28 oC/10a from 1961 to 2004; rainfall witnessed a big fluctuation from 1961 to 1994 and the maximum and minimum rainfall occurred in this period. The rainfall has been increasing since 1994. Evaporation decreased by 130 mm/10a from 1995 to 2004. The maximum land frost depth reduced 10 to 40 cm and the maximum snow depth decreased as well. The result based on the relationship between lake area changes and climate variation shows the main factors which are directly related to lake water level are rainfall, ice snow defrost and land frost. The indirect factors of lake area changes are temperature, lake size, catchment's area, land formation of lake basin, surface features etc.
Key words： Naqu of Tibet; lake; lake area change; climate change
[1] Wang Sumin. The principle and research advances of lakes sediments. In: Zhang Lansheng (ed.), Study on Historical Evolution Law of Environment in China. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1993. 22-31.
[王苏民. 湖泊沉积的信息原理与研究趋势. 见: 张兰生 主编, 中国生存环境历史演变规律研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 22-31.]
[2] Li Bingyuan. The last Greatest Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(2): 174-182.
[李炳元. 青藏高原大湖期. 地理学报, 2000, 55(2): 174-182.]
[3] Gao Qingzhu, Li Yu'e, Lin Erda et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of grassland degradation in northern Tibet. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(6): 965-973.
[高清竹, 李玉娥, 林而达 等. 藏北地区草地退化的时空分布特征. 地理学报, 2005, 60(6): 965-973.]
[4] Liu Xuesong, Ma Yucai, Laba et al. Climatic Regionalization of Animal Husbandry of Naqu Prefecture. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2003. 44-45.
[刘雪松, 马玉才, 拉巴 等. 那曲地区牧业气候区划. 北京: 气象出版社, 2003. 44-45.]
[5] Shi Yafeng (ed.). An Assessment of the Issues of Climatic Shift from Warm-dry to Warm-wet in Northwest China. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2003. 1-3.
[施雅风 主编. 中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型评估. 北京: 气象出版社, 2003. 1-3.]
[6] Ge Shaoxia, Zonggha. Preliminary study on change of lakes area in west Naqu, Tibet. Tibetan Science and Technology, 2005, (4): 14-18.
[葛少侠, 宗嘎. 关于那曲地区西部部分湖泊水位上涨初步调查情况及思考. 西藏科技, 2005, (4): 14-18.]
[7] Wu Shaohong, Yi Yunhe, Zheng Du et al. Climate changes in the Tibetan Plateau during the last three decades. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(1): 3-11.
[吴绍洪, 尹云鹤, 郑度. 等青藏高原近30年气候变化趋势. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 3-11.]
[8] Yao Tandong, Jiao Keqin, Yang Meixue. A study on the precipitation variance in Guliya Ice Core in the past 400 years. Progress in Natural Science, 1999, 9(12): 1161-1165.
[姚檀栋, 焦克勤, 杨梅学. 古里雅冰芯中过去400年降水变化研究. 自然科学进展, 1999, 9(12): 1161-1165.]
[9] Zheng Du, Lin Zhenyao, Zhang Xueqin. Progress in studies of Tibetan Plateau and global environmental change. Earth Science Frontiers, 2002, 9(1): 95-102.
[郑度, 林振耀, 张雪芹. 青藏高原与全球环境变化研究进展. 地学前缘, 2002, 9(1): 95-102.]
[10] Hou Shugui, Qin Dahe, Yao Tandong et al. Recent change of the ice core accumulation rates on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(20): 1588-1591.
[侯书贵, 秦大河, 姚檀栋 等. 青藏高原冰芯积累量的近期变化. 科学通报, 2002, 47(20): 1588-1591.]
[11] Zhang Tangtang, Ren Jiawen, Kang Shichang. Lanong glacier retreat in Nyainqêntanglha Range of Tibetan Plateau during 1970-2003. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26(6): 736-739.
[张堂堂, 任贾文, 康世昌. 近期气候变暖念青唐古拉山拉弄冰川处于退缩状态. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(6): 736-739.]
[12] Jin Huijun, Li Shuxun, Wang Shaoling et al. Impacts of climatic change on permafrost and cold regions environments in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(2): 161-173.
[金会军, 李述训, 王绍令 等. 气候变化对中国多年冻土和寒区环境的影响. 地理学报, 2000, 55(2): 161-173.]
[13] Li Lin, Zhu Xide, Wang Qingchun et al. Mapping and analyses of permafrost change in Qinghai Plateau using GIS. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(3): 320-328.
[李林, 朱西德, 汪青春 等. 青海高原冻土退化的若干事实. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(3): 320-328.]
[14] Ding Yongjian, Liu Fengjing. Effect of climatic change of water balance of Qinghai lake basin for recent thirty years and possible tendency. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1995, 15(2): 124-135.
[丁永健, 刘凤景. 近三十年来青海湖流域气候变化对水量平衡影响及其趋势预测. 地理科学, 1995, 15(2): 124-135.]
[15] Ke Changqing. A review of monitoring lake environment change by means of remote sensing. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2004, (4): 81-86.
[柯长青. 湖泊遥感研究进展. 海洋湖沼通报, 2004, (4): 81-86.]
[16] Wang Yuefeng, Xiao Shu, Zeng Tao. An analysis of TM image in Tibet's lakes. Tibetan Science and Technology, 2005, (5): 23-26.
[王跃峰, 肖抒, 曾涛. 西藏湖泊TM影像遥感分析. 西藏科技, 2005, (5): 23-26.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |