中国东北地区农业水土资源匹配格局
收稿日期: 2006-02-18
修回日期: 2006-04-20
网络出版日期: 2006-08-25
基金资助
国家重点基础研究计划 (2006CB400505); 国家自然科学基金项目 (40171007); 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-01-03)
Analysis of the Matching Patterns of Land and Water Resources in Northeast China
Received date: 2006-02-18
Revised date: 2006-04-20
Online published: 2006-08-25
Supported by
National Basic Research Program of China, No.2006CB400505; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40171007; The Key Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No. KZCX1-SW-19-01-03
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关键词： null
刘彦随,甘红,张富刚 . 中国东北地区农业水土资源匹配格局[J]. 地理学报, 2006 , 61(8) : 847 -854 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200608007
Northeast China is an important base to the national food security. There are more problems in achieving optimal allocation of land and water resources as well as sustainable utilization. At present water resources shortage and land degradation are the two most important factors restricting agricultural sustainable development in Northeast China. Improving the matching degree of land and water resources and guaranteeing supplement level of irrigated water resources have becoming long-term goals to promote the high-efficient utilization of agricultural resources and upgrade the comprehensive productivity of food. The matching coefficient of land and water resources (Ri), which is an indicator to reflect the proportion of water supply and cultivated land resources in spatio-temporal scale in a specific zone. The purpose of using this indicator is to investigate the balance between water supply and land resources in temporal and spatial distributions and their corresponding matching degree. Based on the dynamic analysis of gross land and water resources and their matching degree in Northeast China, this paper establishes a matching model of agricultural water and land resources. Simulation analyses indicate that the matching degree of land and water resources in Northeast China is not as good as expected, and there are distinct differences among this region. Northeast China, which possesses 16.68% of the total cultivated land in the whole country, only takes up 4.01% of the total water resources. In average, the per capita cultivated land in Northeast China is 0.309 hm2, three times that of the whole country. However, the per capita water resource in Northeast China is 1042 m3, which is only 47.7% of the whole country. The matching coefficient is 1.153, which is lower than the whole country (1.441). According to different values of Ri, the matching degree of water and land resources in Northeast China is classified into 5 grades: excellent (0.73 < Ri ≤ 11.73), better (0.23 < Ri ≤ 0.73), moderate (0.16 < Ri ≤ 0.23), worse (0.13 ≤ Ri ≤ 0.16) and worst (0 < Ri < 0.13). Accordingly, the basic approach of enhancing the matching degree of land and water resources is to construct water conservancy projects in Northeast China. Attention should be paid to large-scale water transportation projects like "North to South Water Transfer Project", supplemented by midium- and small-scale water conservancy projects. Moreover, development of high-efficiency, water-saving modern agriculture with well-trench irrigation system should be strengthened as well.
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