20 世纪90 年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异
收稿日期: 2006-09-24
修回日期: 2007-01-05
网络出版日期: 2007-04-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(50608033; 40601033)
Socio-spatial Differ entiation of Professionals of Guangzhou in the 1990s
Received date: 2006-09-24
Revised date: 2007-01-05
Online published: 2007-04-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.50608033; No.40601033
1990 年以来中国城市的内城区传统工业向郊区外溢，郊区大量劳动密集型国际资本进驻等因素带来城市不同职业从业者的居住空间格局的重构。以1990 年、2000 年广州市“街道层面”的两次人口普查数据为主要数据源，借用经济学中的区位商指标，分析1990~2000 年广州市不同职业从业者的居住空间分异特征，发现工业、低端服务业、高端服务业及政府 机关职员等从业者呈现出差异化的空间分异特征。工业从业者的居住空间从内城区向近郊区、远郊区等转移，低端服务业从业者的居住地一直高度集中于内城区，高端服务业从业者聚居于政府机关附近和高校、科研机构密集区，政府机关职员居住区完全与政府机关相重合。就业地与居住地的临近性是20 世纪90 年代广州城市从业者居住空间最为显著的特征。旧城区产业结构调整、城市空间扩展、郊区国际生产资本进驻、政府为迎合全球化而进行的政策及空间的调整、土地开发与住房商品化以及原有国家事业机关“单位制”居住模式的惯性等成为1990~2000 年广州市不同职业从业者社会空间分异的主要原因。基于区位商的方法来分析不同职业从业者的居住空间分异，为深入解析城市社会空间分异提供了新的研究思路与方法。
魏立华, 丛艳国, 李志刚, 闫小培 . 20 世纪90 年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异[J]. 地理学报, 2007 , 62(4) : 407 -417 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200704007
Under a diversity of impacts such as the industrialization of suburbs and economic globalization, China's urban socio-spatial structure has undergone tremendous restructurings in the 1990s. Using the 1990 and 2000 census of China, this paper examines the spatial differentiation residents working in different sectors of Guangzhou. It is found that industrial staff, high-level service workers, low-level service workers and governmental officials show quite different spatial patterns. First, the residential locations of industrial workers move from the central city towards the suburbs, especially Baiyun and Huangpu districts, while that of low-level service workers remain in the inner city, which is the traditional central business district (CBD) of Guangzhou; in contrast, high-level service workers accumulate around government buildings, universities and academic institutions, especially Dongshan District, Wushan of Tianhe District, etc; and governmental officials mainly live around their working places. In this sense, it is argued that one of the main features of Guangzhou's distribution of different workers' residence is the close connection between working places and residential areas. The underlying reasons are attributed to the sector restructuring of the inner city, the urban rapid sprawl, the infill of FDI within the suburbs, the adjustment of government development strategies and urban planning, land use as well as housing marketization, and the path-dependency of the 'work-unit' system. Using location quotient to analyze the residential differentiation of different professionals, it provided new research idea and method for further analyzing urban socio-spatial differentiation.
[1] Walks R A. The social ecology of the post-Fordist/global city? Economic restructuring and socio-spatial polarization in the Toronto urban region. Urban Studies, 2001, 38(3): 407-447.
[2] Marcuse P, V Kempen (ed.). Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order? Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
[3] Sykora L. Processes of socio-spatial differentiation in post-communist Prague. Housing Studies, 1999, 14: 679-701.
[4] Wang Y P, A Murie. Commercial housing development in urban China. Urban Studies, 1999, 36: 1475-1494.
[5] Wu F. Socio-spatial differentiation in urban China: Evidence from Shanghai's real estate markets. Environment and Planning A, 2002, 34: 1591-1615.
[6] Logan J R, Bian Y J, Bian F Q. Housing inequality in urban China in the 1990s. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 1999, 23: 7-25.
[7] Wu F. Real estate development and the transformation of urban space in Chinese transitional economy: With special reference to Shanghai. In: Logan J R (ed.). The New Chinese City: Globalization and Market Reform. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. 151-166.
[8] Yeh A G O, Xu X Q, Hu H Y. The social place of Guangzhou city, China. Urban Geography, 1995, 16: 595-621.
[9] Xiu Chunliang, Xia Changjun. Studies on evolution and trend of urban social districts in China. Urban Planning Forum, 1997, (4): 59-62.
[修春亮, 夏长君. 中国城市社会区域的形成过程与发展趋势. 城市规划汇刊, 1997, (4): 59-62.]
[10] Gu Chaolin, Kesteloot C. A research on social spatial polarization in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(5): 385-393.
[顾朝林, C·克斯特洛德. 北京社会极化与空间分异研究. 地理学报, 1997, 52(5): 385-393.]
[11] Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing. The social spatial structure of Beijing metropolitan area and its evolution: 1982-2000. Geographical Research, 2003, 22(4): 465-483.
[冯健, 周一星. 北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000). 地理 研究, 2003, 22(4): 465-483.]
[12] Gu Chaolin, Wang Fahui, Liu Guili. Study on urban social areas in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58 (6): 917-926.
[顾朝林, 王法辉, 刘贵利. 北京城市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2003, 58(6): 917-926.]
[13] Yi Zheng. Residential mobility of urban China in social transition: A case study of Guangzhou. PhD. Dissertation of Sun Yat-Sen University, 2003.
[易铮. 社会转型时期中国城市居住流动研究: 以广州市为例. 中山大学博士学位论 文, 2003.]
[14] Pavlovskaya M. Other transitions: Multiple economics of Moscow households in the 1990s. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94(2): 329-351.
[15] Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong, Lu Hanlong. Socio-spatial differentiation in China: A case study of three neighborhoods in Shanghai. Urban Planning Review, 2004, 28(6): 60-67.
[李志刚, 吴缚龙, 卢汉龙. 当代我国大都市的社会空间分异: 对上海三个社区的实证研究. 城市规划, 2004, 28(6): 60-67.]
[16] Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong. Socio-spatial differentiation in transitional Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2): 199-211.
[李志刚, 吴缚龙. 转型期上海社会空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2): 199-211.]
[17] Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Yeh Gar-on. A factorial ecological study of social spatial structure in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(4): 385-399.
[许学强, 胡华颖, 叶嘉安. 广州市社会空间结构的因子生态分析. 地理学 报, 1989, 44(4): 385-399.]
[18] Zheng Jing, Xu Xueqiang, Chen Haoguang. A factorial ecological re-analysis of social spatial structure in Guangzhou city. Geographical Research, 1995, 14(2): 15-26.
[郑静, 许学强, 陈浩光. 广州市社会空间的因子生态再分析. 地理 研究, 1995, 14(2): 15-26.]
[19] Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong. Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic system transformation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056.
[周春山, 刘洋, 朱红. 转型时期广州市社会区分 析. 地理学报, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056.]
[20] Sassen S. Whose city is it? Globalization and the formation of new claims. Public Culture, 1996, 8(2): 205-223.
[21] Hamnett C. Social polarization in global cities: Theory and evidence. Urban Studies, 1994, 31: 401-424.
[22] Hamnett C. Social polarization, economic restructuring and welfare state regimes. Urban Studies, 1996, 33: 1407-1430.
[23] Wei Lihua, Yan Xiaopei. Studies on the evolution of "urban village" as informal migrants settlements in developed urban China: A case of Pearl River Delta. Management World, 2005, (8): 48-57.
[魏立华, 闫小培. 中国经济发达地区 城市非正式移民聚居区: “城中村”的形成与演进. 管理世界, 2005, (8): 48-57.]
[24] Lu Lachang, Wang Jianjun, Wei Yehua. Spatial restructuring in Guangzhou city in the context of globalization and the new economy. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(8): 798-808.
[吕拉昌, 王建军, 魏也华. 全球化与新经济背景下的 广州市空间结构. 地理学报, 2006, 61(8): 798-808.]
[25] Marcuse P, Kempen V (ed.). Of States and Cities: The Partitioning of Urban Space. Oxford University Press, 2002.
[26] Wei Lihua, Yan Xiaopei. Studies on the driving forces and model of social space in socio-economic transition: A case of metropolis Guangzhou. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2006, 22(1): 67-72.
[魏立华, 闫小培. 转型期中国 城市社会空间演进动力及其模式研究: 以广州市为例. 地理与地理信息科学, 2006, 22(1): 67-72.]
[27] Wei Lihua, Yan Xiaopei. Studies on the unbalanced and segmented urban social space in the process of suburbanization: A case of metropolis Guangzhou. Urban Planning Review, 2006, 30(5): 55-60, 87.
[魏立华, 闫小培. 中国大城市郊区化进程中社会空间的“非均衡破碎化”研究: 以广州市为例. 城市规划, 2006, 30(5): 55-60, 87.]
[28] Wei Lihua, Yan Xiaopei. Studies on urban social space under the preferred heavy industrialization in 1949-1987: A case of metropolis Guangzhou, China. Urban Studies, 2006, (2): 13-19.
[魏立华, 闫小培. 1949-1987 年(重) 工业优先 发展战略下的中国城市社会空间研究: 以广州市为例. 城市发展研究, 2006, (2): 13-19.]
[29] Clark W A V, Withers S D. Changing jobs and changing houses: Mobility outcomes of employment transitions. Journal of Regional Science, 1999, 39: 653-673.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |