中国城市交通运输发展水平等级差异变动特征
收稿日期: 2007-02-01
修回日期: 2007-07-27
网络出版日期: 2007-10-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40571052)
The Changes in Disparity of Urban Transportation Development Level Rank in China
Received date: 2007-02-01
Revised date: 2007-07-27
Online published: 2007-10-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571052
选取中国183 个城市的1991 年、1995 年、1999 年和2003 年4 个时间段的统计数据, 在Arcmap 软件中采用自然断裂法进行等级划分, 将城市交通运输总体发展水平的等级划分为5 级, 利用SPSS 统计分析软件进行分析, 得到1991-2003 年中国城市交通运输发展水平等级差异变动特征: 中国城市交通运输发展水平等级呈现明显的“纺锤形”结构, 交通运输发展水平明显高于平均发展水平的城市个数和明显低于平均发展水平的城市个数所占比例低于32%, 68%以上的城市其交通运输发展水平接近全国平均水平; 发展水平较高的城市在以省区为单位的空间分布上呈现集中—分散—分散—集中的特征, 而等级较低的城市在空间上呈现分散无规则分布格局; 中国城市交通运输发展水平的等级差异呈现“U” 形变化, 1991- 1995 年差距逐渐缩小, 1995-1999 年差距逐渐增大, 1999-2003 年差距逐渐缩小, 但各时间段内的变动幅度不大; 城市交通运输发展水平上升的城市在空间分布上集中于河南、山东、江苏等省, 城市交通运输发展水平下降的城市集中于黑龙江、吉林、陕西、湖北和湖南等省。
曹小曙, 张利敏, 薛德升, 王大鹏 . 中国城市交通运输发展水平等级差异变动特征[J]. 地理学报, 2007 , 62(10) : 1034 -1040 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200710003
This paper selects the statistics of 183 cities in China, in the years of 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003. We adopt the Natural Breaks with Arcmap software to divide these cities into five ranks according to their urban transportation development levels, and use the SPSS to analyse the development level rank disparity change which characterizes the spindle structure—the plus number of the cities which are better and worse than the average level is less than 32% of the total. Meanwhile, more than 68% of the cities' transportation development levels are close to the average one. Cities with higher urban transportation development level than the average present the "centralized - decentralized - decentralized - centralized" characteristics in provincial spatial distribution, while those with lower level than the average present the decentralized and irregular spatial pattern. The disparity of the urban transportation development level rank in China appears a U-shaped changing pattern—it decreased in 1991-1995, increased in 1995-1999, and then decreased in 1999-2003 again, but the fluctuation range was not great in each period. Cities with urban transportation development level going up spatially centralized in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Liaoning, while those with degressive development level spatially are centralized in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shaanxi, Hubei and Hunan. Applying to the relative analysis it can be found that, in China, there exists a significant positive correlation betweent the development levels of urban transportation and economy. At the same time, the economic structure is relevant to the urban transportation development level. In 1991-2003, the urban transportation development level exhibited a distinct correlation with the gross industrial output value per capita at 0.01 level, and the correlation coefficient took on an ascending trand.
Key words： urban transportation; spatial disparity; development level rank; China
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