新疆和田河流域柽柳沙堆的生物地貌发育过程
收稿日期: 2006-03-28
修回日期: 2007-04-10
网络出版日期: 2007-05-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40461002); 新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划基金重点项目(XJEDU2004I35)
Bio-geomorphologic Growth Process of Tamarix nabkha in the Hotan River Basin of Xinjiang
Received date: 2006-03-28
Revised date: 2007-04-10
Online published: 2007-05-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40461002; Science Research Program for College and University in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.XJEDU2004I35
柽柳沙堆是我国干旱区分布最为广泛的灌丛沙堆类型之一。在实地考察新疆和田河流 域柽柳生态地理特征、测量223 个柽柳沙堆形态, 并在两个野外观测点上实测4 个沙堆的风沙流剖面, 结合室内风洞实验段风速8 m/s 条件下模拟沙堆风流场结构等综合分析方法, 本文探讨了柽柳沙堆的生物地貌学特征及其发育过程。结果表明: 研究区柽柳的生态类型属于以胡杨林与灌木林下土壤为基础的吐加依土生境类型, 这个生境类型可以进一步划分为三个亚生境, 这些亚生境反映了柽柳沙堆不同发育阶段的生态环境特征。由于柽柳灌丛的寿命长、木质化枝干的刚性较强、根株萌发力强耐风蚀沙埋, 可对地面风沙流运行产生强烈扰动, 其风速剖面有别于芦苇沙堆和骆驼刺沙堆, 风流场结构有利于聚集风沙, 因此风沙依托柽柳灌丛堆积发育而成的柽柳沙堆平均坡度较大、沙堆存活与发育的周期也较长
李志忠, 武胜利, 王晓峰, 何牡丹, 葛琳, 穆赫塔尔, 徐国强 . 新疆和田河流域柽柳沙堆的生物地貌发育过程[J]. 地理学报, 2007 , 62(5) : 462 -470 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200705002
The characteristics of Tamarix shrub's plant ecology, community and environment and its regularities of distribution in space have been investigated in the Hotan River basin of Xinjiang. The shape data of 223 Tamarix nabkhas have been measured, and the structural characteristics of 4 Tamarix nabkha's sand driving wind have been observed at two field observational points. Based on the shape data surveyed and the sand flow materials observed, models of nabkhas have been made according to the proportion. In the wind tunnel, the flow patterns of different shapes of nabkhas have been imitated separately. The results indicated that Tamarix ecological type in the study area belongs to tugaic soil habitat which is based on soil of Populus and shrub forest. This habitat type can be further divided into three sub-habitats of juvenile, mature and post-mature Populus forests, in which Tamarix eco-geographical community is sequential succession. The change of ecological characteristics of Tamarix community in different sub-habitats induces variation of disturbance to sand flow and sand aggregation capability by Tamarix shrub in different stages. Therefore, the development of Tamarix nabkha presents phased succession. Compared with ecological characteristics and nabkha shapes of Phragmites and Alaghi, Tamarix shrubs can more intensely perturb wind-borne sand movement on the ground because of its longer life expectancy, the rigid shoot lignified, stool germination easily with endurance to be buried by sand and resistance to deflation. The wind speed section at the top of Tamarix nabkha is different from nabkhas of Phragmites and Alaghi.
Key words： Tamarix; nabkha; biological geomorphology; Hotan River basin
[1] Capot-Rey R Le vent et al. Modele eolien au Borkou, Traveaux de l'Institut de Recherches Sahariennes, 1957, 15: 155-157.
[2] Barbey C, Coute A. Croutes a cyanophycerew sur les dunes du Sahel mauritaneen. Bulletin de l'Institut fondemental de l'Afrique Noire, 1976, A38: 732-736.
[3] Warren A. A note on vegetation and sand movement in the Wahiba Sands, in Dutton, 1988, 251-255.
[4] El-Bana, M I Nijs I, KoCkelbergh F. Microenvironmental and vegetational heterogeneity induced by phytogenic nebkhas in an arid coastal ecosystem. Plant and Soil, 2002, 247: 283-293.
[5] Danin A. Plants of desert dunes. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J L (ed.). Adaptation of Organisms to the Desert. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1996. 177.
[6] Hesp P, McLachlan A. Morphology, dynamics, ecology and fauna of Arctotheca populifolia and Gazania rigens nabkha dunes. Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 44: 155-172.
[7] Zhu Zhenda, Chen Zhiping, Wu Zheng et al. The study of Taklimakan Desert landforms. Beijing: Science Press, 1981.
[朱震达, 陈治平, 吴正等. 塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981.]
[8] Zhu Zhenda, Chen Guangting et al. Sandy Desertification in China. Beijing: Science Press, 1994. 24.
[朱震达,陈广庭等 著. 中国土地沙质荒漠化. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994. 24.]
[9] Ling Yuquan, Qu Jianjun et al. Influence of sparse natural vegetation on sand-transporting quantity. Journal of Desert Research, 2003, 23(1): 12-18.
[凌裕泉, 屈建军等. 稀疏天然植被对输沙量的影响. 中国沙漠, 2003, 23(1): 12-18.]
[10] Mu Guijin. The environmental significance of vegetation cones of the Taklimakan Desert, China. Arid Zone Research, 1994, 11(1): 34-40.
[穆桂金. 塔克拉玛干沙漠灌草丘的发育特征及环境意义. 干旱区研究, 1994, 11(1): 34-40.]
[11] Mu Guijin. Types, origin and evolution of the vegetation cones of Taklimakan Desert. Arid Zone Research, 1995, 12 (suppl.): 31-37.
[穆桂金. 塔克拉玛干沙漠灌草丘类型、成因及演变规律. 干旱区研究, 1995, 12(增刊): 31-37.]
[12] Muhtar Qong, Hiroki Takamura, Mijit Hudaberdi. Formation and internal structure of Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert. Journal of Arid Environments, 2002, 50: 81-97.
[13] Li Zhizhong, Wu Shengli, Sun Qiumei et al. Study on the nabkha in wind-tunnel flow field experiment (I). Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(1): 9-14.
[李志忠, 武胜利, 孙秋梅等. 新疆和田河流域灌丛沙堆风洞流场的实验研究 (一). 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(1): 9-14.]
[14] Li Zhizhong, Wu Shengli, Sun Qiumei et al. Study on the nabkha in wind-tunnel flow field experiment (II). Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(1): 15-19.
[李志忠, 武胜利, 孙秋梅等. 新疆和田河流域灌丛沙堆风洞流场的实验研究 (二). 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(1): 15-19.]
[15] Zhang Daoyuan, Pan Borong, Yin Linke. The photogeographical studies of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae). Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2003, 25(4): 415-427.
[张道远, 潘伯荣, 尹林克. 柽柳科柽柳属的植物地理研究. 云南植物研究, 2003, 25(4): 415-427.]
[16] Hesp P. Foredunes and blowouts: Initiation, geomorphology and dynamics. Geomorphology, 2002, 48: 245-268.
[17] Ash J E, Wasson R H. Vegetation and sand mobility in the Australian desert dunefield. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplementband, 1983, 45: 7-25.
[18] Cooke R U, Warren A, Goudie A S. Desert Geomorphology. London: UCL Press, 1993. 526.
[19] Hesp P. Morphodynamics of incipient foredunes in New South Wales, Australia. In: Brookfield M E, Ahlbrandt T S, (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam: Aeolian Sediments and Processes, 1983. 325-342.
[20] Livingstone I, Warren A. Aeolian Geomorphology: An Introduction. Harlow: Longman Singapore Publishers (Pte) Ltd., 1996. 116-119.
[21] Tengberg A. Nebkhas- Their spatial distribution, morphometry, composition and age- in the Sidi Bouzid area, central Tunisia. Zeitschrif fir Geomotpholgie, 1994, 38: 311-325.
[22] Tengberg A, Chen D. A comparative analysis of nebkhas in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso. Geomorphology, 1998, 22: 181-192.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |