近10年来中国耕地资源的时空变化分析
收稿日期: 2002-08-29
修回日期: 2003-01-26
网络出版日期: 2003-05-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1-Y-02)
Spatial-temporal Changes of Cropland in China for the Past 10 Years Based on Remote Sensing
Received date: 2002-08-29
Revised date: 2003-01-26
Online published: 2003-05-25
Supported by
Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX1-Y-02
根据中国资源环境数据库中的耕地数据以及20世纪80年代末期、1995年和2000年3期覆盖全国时间跨度约为10年的遥感数据，对中国耕地时空变化进行分析。总趋势表明，近10年来我国耕地资源总量有所增加；东部及沿海地区优质耕地迅速减少；东北地区和内蒙古自治区耕地大量开垦；水田旱地转换明显。利用GIS方法将耕地变化数据与中国生态环境质量数据进行叠加，表明近10年来耕地的生态环境质量下降了。近10年耕地动态变化的空间分布表现出13种动态格局。对80年代末至1995年 (前5年) 和1995年至2000年 (后5年) 这2个时间段内的耕地变化进行对比分析，表明了前5年与后5年耕地变化的动态格局有空间上的相似性，但前后变化幅度相差较明显。近10年来气温的升高与中国水田北移有较好的一致性，而降水的减少对西北地区耕地的撂荒和开垦有明显作用。中国经济的发展所导致的城市化过程使得大量耕地被占用。近10年来相关的耕地政策对控制耕地面积的减少有作用，但耕地的总体质量却下降了，这直接影响了粮食产量。
张国平,刘纪远,张增祥 . 近10年来中国耕地资源的时空变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2003 , 58(3) : 323 -332 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200303001
Based on remote sensing and geographic information system, the changes of spatial distribution of cropland for the past 10 years in China are studied. The results show that the total area of cropland is increasing while the cropland in the southeastern part of China is decreasing, whereas the cropland in Northeast China and the arid and semiarid areas of China is expanding. The ecological and environmental quality of reclaimed and lost cropland is evaluated. Thirteen patterns of the spatial changes of cropland in China can be classified into 13 areas correspondingly. Each area has its cropland transformation characteristics. In each area, the patterns of the former five years and the latter five years are similar on the whole. But the quantity of changed cropland is different. In some areas, the croplands increase or remain unchanged in the former five years but decrease in the latter five years, and vice versa. The nationwide warming is in better coincidence with the northward shifting of the paddy fields in China; at the same time, the drought in Northwest China causes the coexistence of considerable scale of reclamation and loss of cropland. The economic development induced rapid urbanization process is closely related with the occupancy of vast area of cropland for construction. Although the total food production is stable, the more area of cropland in a province is lost, the more production drop occurs.
[1] Liu Jiyuan. The Study on the Remote Sensing Investigation of the Resources and Environment and Their Dynamic Changes in China. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 1996. 17-21.
[刘纪远. 中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 1996. 17-21.]
[2] Liu Jiyuan, Buheaosier. Study on spatial-temporal changes of modern land-use in China. Quaternary Sciences, 2000, 20(3): 229-239.
[刘纪远, 布和敖斯尔. 中国现代土地利用变化时空研究. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20(3): 229-239.]
[3] Liu Jiyuan, Liu Mingliang, Deng Xiangzheng et al. The land use and land cover change database and its relative studies in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2002, 12(3): 275-282.
[4] Deng Xiangzheng, Liu Jiyuan. Modeling the relationship of land use change and some geophysical indicators for the interlock area of farming and pasturing in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2002, 12(4): 397-404.
[5] Zhu Zhenda, Wang Tao. The analysis on the desertification direction of Chinese land based on the research of several typical area over last ten years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1990, 45(4): 430-440.
[朱震达, 王涛. 从若干典型地区的研究对近十余年来中国土地沙漠化演变趋势的分析. 地理学报, 1990, 45(4): 430-440.]
[6] Zhang Guoping, Liu Jiyuan, Zhang Zengxiang et al. Remote sensing based analysis of the distribution pattern and dynamic changes of sandy land in China from 1995 to 2000. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(9): 1500-1506.
[张国平, 刘纪远, 张增祥 等. 1995~2000年中国沙地空间格局变化的遥感研究. 生态学报, 2002, 22(9): 1500-1506.]
[7] Tian Guangjin, Zhang Zengxiang, Zhao Xiaoli et al. The soil erosion distribution characteristics and ecological background of Chinese cultivated land. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(1): 10-16.
[田光进, 张增祥, 赵晓丽 等. 中国耕地的土壤侵蚀空间分布特征和生态环境背景. 生态学报, 2002, 22(1): 10-16.]
[8] Yang Jianping, Ding Yongjian. Interdecadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundaries in China in the past 50 years. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2002, 12(2): 397-404.
[9] Lu Changhe. The patterns of cropland changes and the driving factors in China. In: The Changes of Land Cover and Their Environment Effect. Beijing: Xingqiu Ditu Press, 2002. 181-186.
[吕昌河. 我国耕地变化特征与驱动因子分析. 见: 中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会编. 土地覆被变化及环境效应. 北京: 星球地图出版社, 2002. 181-186.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |