中国物流企业的空间组织网络
收稿日期: 2007-09-13
修回日期: 2007-11-26
网络出版日期: 2008-02-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40635026); 国家自然科学基金项目(40701045)
Spatial Organizational Network of Loigsitcs Company in China
Received date: 2007-09-13
Revised date: 2007-11-26
Online published: 2008-02-25
Supported by
Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40635026; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40701045
物流企业是承担物流活动的专业化组织, 是具有空间网络的企业形式。基于相关研究 的评述, 分析了物流企业网络的基础理论, 重点解析其空间体系、职能联系与运营机制。通 过研究, 认为物流企业由企业属性要素和物流属性要素组成, 其共同作用形成企业部门的职 能分化和区位分离, 由此形成物流企业网络, 包括企业组分网络和物流运营网络。物流企业 在城市和区域尺度构筑企业组分网络, 城市网络包括总公司、配送中心和营业点, 总公司布 局于市中心区, 配送中心倾向于近郊区, 营业点集中在物流密集区; 区域网络包括总部、区 域分公司、地方分公司、办事处和受理点, 总部布局于国内大城市, 区域分公司倾向于各区 政治经济中心, 地方分公司集中在省会、经济中心和交通枢纽, 办事处与受理点在企业网络 外部或内部空白处布局。物流运营网络由运输专线、配送体系和物流网络组成, 运输专线形 成支线和干线两类, 是物流运营的基本途径; 配送体系形成区域、城市区域和城市三层, 是 物流企业提升竞争力的保障; 运输专线和配送体系的交错、融合和优化, 最终形成轴辐物流 网络。
王成金 . 中国物流企业的空间组织网络[J]. 地理学报, 2008 , 63(2) : 135 -146 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200802003
With the development of the third party logistics, logsitcs company as a professional economic form to organize logistics activities with the spatial network is well aware of the growing importance. Much attention is paid to the spatial network of logistics company. Based on discussion about research process of logistics company, this paper analyzes the theory about spatial network of logistics company and discusses its spatial system, function ties and operation mechanism. Logistics company is composed of corporation factors and logistics factors with different spatial attributions, moving regularity and organization characteristics whose united operation generates function differentiation and location separation among different members of logistics company, which develops into the spatial network including organizing network of corporation factor and operating network of logistics activities, namely the static phase and dynamic phase. Logistics company constructs its corporation factor network at urban and regional scales. Urban network includes the headoffice, operating department and distribution center with different corporation functions or logistics functions. The headoffice is located at urban centre, the distribution centre tends to be in the suburbs of a city, and the operating department is situated in the regions with many logistics activities. Regional network includes headquarter, regional headoffice, local branch, local office and operating department with different corporation functions or logistics functions. Corporation headquarter tends to be located in large cities, regional headoffice is generally at a political-economic centre in each logistics operating region, local branches are concentrated in capital city, economic centre and transport hub. Operating network of logistics activities comprises scheduled transport line, distribution system and logistics network. Transport line is the primary operating way of logistics activities which includes trunk and branch transport lines. Distribution system helps logistics company to transfer the cargoes throughout the country and improve its market competition with the development of regional distribution centre, urban regional distribution centre and urban distribution centre. The optimization, amalgamation and intertexture of scheduled transport line and logistics distribution system can develop into the primary operating mode of logistics network, namely hub-and-spoke system.
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